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(Non-)Stereotypical representations of older people in Swedish authority-managed social media
Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Ageing and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4274-5468
2022 (English)In: Ageing & Society, ISSN 0144-686X, E-ISSN 1469-1779, Vol. 42, no 3, p. 719-740, article id PII S0144686X20001075Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Social media facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts and information about older people and later life through online networks and communities in contemporary society. Social media content about older people has become important for understanding media representations of older people, but it has not been sufficiently studied. Recent studies suggest that older people are predominantly represented as a disempowered, vulnerable and homogeneous group on social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. Because local authorities in many countries have begun using Facebook to reach out to and interact with citizens, they are seen as a significant producer of media content about older people and later life. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which Swedish local authorities have visually portrayed older people in their use of Facebook compared with other age groups. This research performed a visual content analysis of 1,000 Facebook posts posted by 33 Swedish local authorities, employing ten analytical aspects to describe and interpret the signs, activities and contexts associated with older people and other age groups (infants, children, adolescents and adults). The study found that the representations of older people on the Facebook pages of local authorities appeared to be not very diverse; specifically, older people (including those in residential care homes) were mainly portrayed as remaining socially engaged and moderately physically capable. This media representation destabilised the prevalent negative stereotypes of older people as being out of touch and dependent; however, it collided with the reality of older individuals with care needs. Additionally, this study argues that older people are represented as inferior to the young in terms of physical and technological competence, based on the connotations of the signs. Given that local authorities have progressively incorporated social media into their daily work, it is expected that this study will contribute to a greater understanding of the ways in which local authorities produce (non-)stereotypical representations of older people on social media.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Vol. 42, no 3, p. 719-740, article id PII S0144686X20001075
Keywords [en]
Facebook; life-stage groups; media portrayal; photographs; stereotypes of older people
National Category
Media and Communications
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167931DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X20001075ISI: 000754663800013OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-167931DiVA, id: diva2:1457286
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 764632
Note

Funding: European UnionEuropean Commission [764632]

Available from: 2020-08-11 Created: 2020-08-11 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ageism in the Media: Online Representations of Older People
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ageism in the Media: Online Representations of Older People
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Ålderism i media : Online representationer av äldre människor
Abstract [en]

Ageism is a social problem that has harmful effects on the wellbeing of older people and needs to be tackled. It is pervasive and evident in the media (e.g., films, television, print and social media). Despite the fact that non-individual actors have adopted social media on a large scale in contemporary society, the social media representation of older people generated by those actors has remained insufficiently studied. This thesis aims to increase our knowledge of social media representations of older people and improve our understanding of ageism in the media. The knowledge obtained from this research can be used to inform policy and practice in terms of mitigating ageism in the media.

This thesis consists of four articles, which examine social media representations of older people generated by local authorities and media companies, with a particular focus on exploring how older people are represented in social media and how social media content about older people is produced. Articles 1, 3 and 4 present empirical analyses of social media texts about older people generated by Swedish local authorities and Chinese media companies, serving to identify the representations that may lead to ageism. Article 2 offers an empirical analysis of the production process for social media photos of older people within local authorities, serving to explore the ways in which stereotypical third-age representations are generated. This thesis employs the methods of content analysis and thematic analysis to examine representations of older people on various social media platforms (i.e., local-authority-managed Facebook pages, Tencent Video as a video streaming platform and Sina Weibo as a microblogging platform). It also employs the method of thematic analysis to analyse interview transcripts concerning the production of social media photos of older people within local authorities.

The results of the thesis reveal the complexity and nuances in the representation process and the meanings generated by those representations of older people on social media. More specifically, the thesis illuminates three ways in which the social media representations of older people lead to ageism: (1) the stereotyping of older people through signifying practice; (2) the generation and negotiation of the meanings surrounding older people among social actors with different power relations; and (3) the use of formal and informal rules within social media in the representation activities of mediatized institutions. A synthesis of the findings from the four empirical articles indicates a process of establishing the stereotypical third-age representation as a convention for social media, which can be seen as institutional ageism. The synthesis also indicates that this stereotypical third-age representation appears to be prominent in different contexts and across the various types of social media under examination. In this regard, it is necessary to promote knowledge and raise awareness about the risks associated with such representations of older people in the media. This thesis deepens our understanding of ageism in the media and generates evidence-based policy recommendations for media producers to inspire more thoughtful and reflexive media representations of older people and later life.

Abstract [sv]

Ålderism är ett socialt problem som har negativa effekter på äldre människors välbefinnande och som därför behöver uppmärksammas och motverkas. Ålderism återfinns och skapas i alla typer av media (t.ex. filmer, tv, tryck och sociala media) genom det sätt på vilket äldre personer framställs i dessa sammanhang. Trots att en rad olika typer av organisationer idag använder sig av sociala medier, så har forskningen rörande mediarepresentationer av äldre personer än så länge varit inriktad på individers användning av sociala medier, medan representationer av äldre personer i organisationers sociala medier fått lite uppmärksamhet.  Denna avhandling syftar till att öka kunskapen om hur äldre personer framställs i sociala media samt om ålderism i media. Förhoppningen är att kunskapen ska kunna bidra till att motverka ålderism i media, genom att påverka såväl policyer som praktik. 

Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar och delstudier som utforskar sociala media-representationer av äldre personer som skapats av lokala myndigheter och medieföretag med ett särskilt fokus på hur äldre personer framställs i sociala medier samt hur medieinnehåll rörande äldre personer produceras. Artikel 1, 3 och 4 omfattar empiriska analyser av sociala media-representationer av äldre personer som skapats av svenska lokala myndigheter och kinesiska medieföretag. Artikel 2 presenterar en empirisk analys av den produktionsprocess som föregår de stereotypiska tredje-ålder-representationer som i tidigare studier visat sig vara framträdande i lokala myndigheters sociala media. De metoder som i avhandlingen används för att analysera representationer av äldre personer och åldrande på olika sociala medieplattformar (dvs. lokala myndigheters Facebook-sidor, video-strömningsplattformen Tencent Video och mikrobloggplattformen Sina Weibo) är innehållsanalys och tematisk analys. Tematisk analys används även för att analysera intervjudata rörande den process som föregår att vissa – stereotypa-bilder av äldre personer är framträdande i lokala myndigheters sociala medier.

Avhandlingens resultat belyser komplexiteten och nyanserna i den representationsprocess och de betydelser som skapas av dessa representationer av äldre personer i sociala medier. Mer specifikt belyser avhandlingen tre sätt varigenom representationer av äldre personer i sociala medier kan leda till ålderism: (1) stereotypifiering av äldre personer genom betydelsebärande praktiker; (2) genom att innebörden av representationerna av äldre personer och åldrande framställs och förhandlas av aktörer med olika maktrelationer; och (3) genom mediatiserade institutioners användning av formella och informella regler för sociala media. En syntes av resultaten från de fyra empiriska artiklarna och delstudierna indikerar att en stereotyp tredje åldern-representation är framträdande i de olika organisatoriska sammanhang och de olika typer av sociala medier som studerats. Syntesen pekar därmed också mot att en stereotyp tredje åldern-representation kommit att blivit vedertagen i organisationers sociala media, något som kan ses som en form av institutionaliserad ålderism. Det är därmed av största vikt att främja kunskap och öka medvetenheten om de risker som är förknippade med representationer av äldre människor i sociala media. Avhandlingen fördjupar vår förståelse av ålderism i media och bidrar till att skapa evidensbaserade policyrekommendationer för medieproducenter i syfte att inspirera till mer genomtänkta och reflekterade medierepresentationer av äldre personer och åldrande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. p. 84
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 808
Keywords
Ageism, Power relations, Representations of older people, Third age, Social media logic, Ålderism, Maktrelationer, Representationer av äldre, Tredje åldern, Social medialogik
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Media and Communication Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175019 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-175019 (DOI)9789179296438 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-05-27, Online through Zoom (contact elin.elwin@liu.se) and K1, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 764632Swedish Research Council
Available from: 2021-04-22 Created: 2021-04-15 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved

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