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Scalar Field Comparison with Topological Descriptors: Properties and Applications for Scientific Visualization
Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, USA.
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. (Scientific Visualization)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5352-1086
Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India.
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0632-1545
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2021 (English)In: Computer graphics forum (Print), ISSN 0167-7055, E-ISSN 1467-8659, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 599-633Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In topological data analysis and visualization, topological descriptors such as persistence diagrams, merge trees, contour trees, Reeb graphs, and Morse–Smale complexes play an essential role in capturing the shape of scalar field data. We present a state-of-the-art report on scalar field comparison using topological descriptors. We provide a taxonomy of existing approaches based on visualization tasks associated with three categories of data: single fields, time-varying fields, and ensembles. These tasks include symmetry detection, periodicity detection, key event/feature detection, feature tracking, clustering, and structure statistics. Our main contributions include the formulation of a set of desirable mathematical and computational properties of comparative measures, and the classification of visualization tasks and applications that are enabled by these measures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2021. Vol. 40, no 3, p. 599-633
Keywords [en]
scalar fields, scientific visualization, topology, merge tree, contour tree, Morse theory, feature identification, tracking, similarity
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178614DOI: 10.1111/cgf.14331ISI: 000667924000047Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85108873022OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-178614DiVA, id: diva2:1587292
Conference
EuroVis 2021
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-07085Swedish Research Council, 2019-05487Swedish e‐Science Research Center
Note

Funding: United States Department of Energy (DOE)United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0021015]; National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [IIS-1910733]; Indo-Swedish joint network project [DST/INT/SWD/VR/P-02/2019]; Swedish Research Council (VR)Swedish Research Council [2018-07085]; VR grant [2019-05487]; MHRD, Swarnajayanti Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, India [DST/SJF/ETA-02/2015-16]; Mindtree Chair research grant

Available from: 2021-08-24 Created: 2021-08-24 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Topology-Driven Visual Analysis of Structures in Dynamic Spatial Data
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Topology-Driven Visual Analysis of Structures in Dynamic Spatial Data
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis focuses on the visual analysis of spatial structures within complex datasets. The primary goal is to extract meaningful features from such data and establish comparisons between these features to support core visual analysis tasks, such as tracking, comparison, and ensemble analysis, tailored to specific application domains in science and engineering. To reach this goal, the focus is to adapt and extend methods from topological data analysis (TDA) and integrate them in visual exploration environments.

This work addresses data from two different scientific application domains. First functional MRI (fMRI) data, where the aim is to extract subject-specific neural activation regions and track their dynamics over time. A major challenge associated with fMRI analysis is that the data is inherently noisy, as a complicated mixture of multiple sources of noise often pollutes the true signal in an fMRI scan. The second application deals with granular materials, which are collections of discrete particles such as gravel, sand, or powder. These particle sets are described as dynamic spatial graphs representing force networks. These graphs naturally have a multiscale nature, as local particle-level interactions shape global patterns. The main goal is to understand the interplay between the large-scale phenomena in granular materials, such as jamming, mechanical behavior, and dynamics, and these local interactions, which is an active research area.

TDA is a powerful approach for addressing such challenges in datasets and has successfully been applied to many scientific applications. It leverages principles from algebraic topology and computational geometry to extract multiscale features that are robust to noise and have great potential for simplification, abstraction, and summarization of complex data. The core contribution of this work is the development and implementation of TDA and visualization methods within a tailored visual analysis framework to support the domain scientist for explorative analyses of dynamic complex data.

More specifically, the thesis includes a survey of existing topological descriptors for scalar field comparison, establishing a taxonomy of methods and integrating it into an interactive visual literature browser for intuitive exploration. Building on this foundation, novel approaches were developed to extract, represent, and analyze structural and dynamic patterns in the brain activity data and the force networks in granular materials. These methods leverage merge trees, multiscale segmentation, and cycle extraction techniques to reveal relationships across spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, efficient frameworks for tracking and visualizing dynamic features were designed to support interactive exploration and facilitate domain-specific interpretation.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling fokuserar på visuell analys av rumsliga strukturer inom komplexa datamängder. Det primära målet är att extrahera meningsfulla egenskaper från sådana data och etablera jämförelser mellan dessa egenskaper för att stödja centrala visuella analysuppgifter, såsom spårning, jämförelse och ensembleanalys, skräddarsydda för specifika tillämpningsområden inom vetenskap och teknik. För att nå detta mål ligger fokus på att anpassa och utöka metoder från topologisk dataanalys (TDA) och integrera dem i visuella utforskningsmiljöer.

Detta arbete behandlar data från två olika vetenskapliga tillämpningsområden. För det första funktionell MRI (fMRI) data, där syftet är att extrahera patientspecifika neurala aktiveringsregioner och spåra deras dynamik över tid. En stor utmaning i samband med fMRI-analys är att data är i sig brusiga, eftersom en komplicerad blandning av flera bruskällor ofta förorenar den verkliga signalen i en fMRI-skanning.

Den andra tillämpningen handlar om granulära material, som är samlingar av diskreta partiklar såsom grus, sand eller pulver. Dessa partikelmängder beskrivs som dynamiska rumsliga grafer som representerar kraftnätverk. Dessa grafer har naturligtvis en flerskalig natur, eftersom lokala interaktioner på partikelnivå formar globala mönster. Huvudmålet är att förstå samspelet mellan storskaliga fenomen i granulära material, såsom störningar, mekaniskt beteende och dynamik, och dessa lokala interaktioner, vilket är ett aktivt forskningsområde.

TDA är en kraftfull metod för att hantera sådana utmaningar i datamängder och har framgångsrikt tillämpats i många vetenskapliga tillämpningar. Den utnyttjar principer från algebraisk topologi och beräkningsgeometri för att extrahera fler-skaliga egenskaper som är robusta mot brus och har stor potential för förenkling, abstraktion och sammanfattning av komplexa data.

Det centrala bidraget i detta arbete är utveckling och implementering av TDA och visualiseringsmetoder inom ett skräddarsytt visuellt analysramverk för att stödja domänforskaren för explorativa analyser av dynamiska komplexa data.

Mer specifikt inkluderar avhandlingen en omfattande undersökning av befintliga topologiska deskriptorer för skalär fältjämförelse, etablering av en taxonomi av metoder och integrering av den i en interaktiv visuell litteraturläsare för intuitiv utforskning. Byggande på denna grund utvecklades nya metoder för att extrahera, representera och analysera strukturella och dynamiska mönster i hjärnaktivitetsdata och kraftnätverk i granulära material. Dessa metoder utnyttjar sammanslagningsträd, flerskalig segmentering och cykelextraktionstekniker för att avslöja samband över rumsliga och tidsmässiga skalor. Dessutom utformades effektiva ramverk för att spåra och visualisera dynamiska funktioner för att stödja interaktiv utforskning och underlätta domänspecifik tolkning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 62
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2508
Keywords
Visual Analysis, Topological Data Analysis, Multiscale
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-221249 (URN)10.3384/9789181184723 (DOI)9789181184716 (ISBN)9789181184723 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-13, K2, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding Agencies: Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)

Available from: 2026-02-16 Created: 2026-02-16 Last updated: 2026-02-16Bibliographically approved

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Masood, Talha BinRasheed, FarhanHotz, Ingrid

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