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Towards a Context-Dependent Multi-Buffer Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4134-0303
Univ Patras, Greece; DataWise Data Engn LLC, GA 30318 USA.
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1849-9722
2022 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ISSN 1524-9050, E-ISSN 1558-0016, Vol. 23, no 5, p. 4778-4790Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper presents initial work on a context-dependent driver distraction detection algorithm called AttenD2.0, which extends the original AttenD algorithm with elements from the Minimum Required Attention (MiRA) theory. Central to the original AttenD algorithm is a time buffer which keeps track of how often and for how long the driver looks away from the forward roadway. When the driver looks away the buffer is depleted and when looking back the buffer fills up. If the buffer runs empty the driver is classified as distracted. AttenD2.0 extends this concept by adding multiple buffers, thus integrating situation dependence and visual time-sharing behaviour in a transparent manner. Also, the increment and decrement of the buffers are now controlled by both static requirements (e.g. the presence of an on-ramp increases the need to monitor the sides and the mirrors) as well as dynamic requirements (e.g., reduced speed lowers the need to monitor the speedometer). The algorithm description is generic, but a real-time implementation with concrete values for different parameters is showcased in a driving simulator experiment with 16 bus drivers, where AttenD2.0 was used to ensure that drivers are attentive before taking back control after an automated bus stop docking and depot procedure. The scalability of AttenD2.0 relative to available data sources and the level of vehicle automation is demonstrated. Future work includes expanding the concept to real-world environments by automatically integrating situational information from the vehicles environmental sensing and from digital maps.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC , 2022. Vol. 23, no 5, p. 4778-4790
Keywords [en]
Vehicles; Roads; Mirrors; Monitoring; Gaze tracking; Visualization; Computer vision; AttenD; classification; detection; driver distraction; driver state estimation; inattention
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-182105DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3060168ISI: 000732294100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101832699OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-182105DiVA, id: diva2:1624626
Note

Funding Agencies|ADAS&ME Project - European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [688900]; Fit2Drive Project - Swedish Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation Programme, FFI [2019-05834]

Available from: 2022-01-04 Created: 2022-01-04 Last updated: 2025-08-28Bibliographically approved

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Ahlström, ChristerKircher, Katja

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