liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Crack growth in single crystal gas turbine blade alloys under service-like conditions
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This work concerns the fatigue crack growth behaviour of nickel base single crystal superalloys. The main industrial application of this class of materials is in gas turbine blades, where the ability to withstand severe mechanical loading in combination with high temperatures is required. In order to ensure the structural integrity of gas turbine blades, knowledge of the fatigue crack growth behaviour under service-like conditions is of utmost importance. The aim of the present work is both to improve the understanding of the crack growth behaviour of single crystal superalloys and to improve the testing and evaluation methodology for crack propagation under thermomechanical fatigue loading conditions. Single crystal superalloys have anisotropic mechanical properties and are prone to localization of inelastic deformation along the close packed planes of the crystal lattice. Under some conditions, crystallographic crack growth occurs along these planes, and this is a complicating factor throughout the whole chain of crack propagation life simulation; from material data generation to component calculation. Crack growth testing has been performed, both using conventional isothermal testing methods and using thermomechanical fatigue crack growth testing. Experimental observations regarding crystallographic crack growth have been made and its dependence on crystal orientation and testing temperature has been investigated. Quantitative crack growth data are presented for the case of Mode I crack growth under isothermal as well as thermomechanical fatigue conditions. Microstructural investigations have been undertaken to investigate the deformation mechanisms governing the crack growth behaviour. A compliance-based method for the evaluation of crack opening force under thermomechanical fatigue conditions was developed, to enable a detailed analysis of the test data. The crack opening force evaluation proved to be of key importance for the understanding of the crack driving force under different testing conditions. The influence of hold time on crack growth behaviour was analysed, both in terms of creep crack growth and in terms of creep effects on the crack opening force. The transition between non-crystallographic and crystallographic crack growth was studied in detail and a criterion was developed to enable accurate predictions of this transition under a wide range of loading conditions representative for gas turbine blades.

Abstract [sv]

Detta arbete behandlar sprickpropageringsbeteendet hos monokristallina nickelbaserade superlegeringar. Den huvudsakliga industriella tillämpningen för denna materialgrupp är som skovelmaterial i gasturbiner, vilket kräver förmågan att motstå hög mekanisk belastning i kombination med höga temperaturer. För att säkerställa gasturbinskovlarnas hållfasthet är kunskap om sprickpropageringsbeteendet, under driftsliknande förhållanden, av yttersta vikt. Målet med detta arbete är både att förbättra förståelsen för monokristallina nickelbaslegeringars sprickpropageringsbeteende och att förbättra metodiken för sprickpropageringsprovning med termomekanisk utmattningsbelastning. Monokristallina superlegeringar har anisotropa mekaniska egenskaper och en benägenhet till lokalisering av inelastisk deformation längs kristallgittrets tätpackade plan. Under vissa förhållanden sker kristallografisk spricktillväxt längs dessa plan och detta är en komplicerande faktor genom hela kedjan av sprickpropageringssimulering; från materialdatagenerering till komponentberäkningar. Sprickpropageringsprovning har utförts både med konventionella isoterma provningsmetoder och med termomekanisk sprickpropageringsprovning. Kristallografisk sprickpropagering har studerats experimentellt för att klargöra dess beroende av kristallorientering och temperatur. Kvantitativa sprickpropageringsdata presenteras för sprickväxt i Modus I, under isoterm såväl som termomekanisk utmattningsbelastning. Mikrostrukturundersökningar har gjorts för att studera deformationsmekanismerna som styr sprickpropageringsbeteendet. En kompliansbaserad metod för att utvärdera spricköppningskraften vid termomekanisk utmattning har utvecklats, för att möjliggöra en djupgående analys av provdatat. Spricköppningsutvärderingen visade sig ha en nyckelroll för förståelsen av drivkraften för sprickpropagering vid olika provningsförhållanden. Inverkan av hålltid på sprickpropageringsbeteendet analyserades både med avseende på krypspricktillväxt och med avseende på inverkan av krypdeformation på spricköppningskraften. Omslaget från icke-kristallografisk till kristallografisk sprickpropagering studerades i detalj och ett kriterium utvecklades för att möjliggöra tillförlitliga prediktioner av detta omslag under ett brett spann av förhållanden, representativa för gasturbinskovlar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. , p. 56
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2224
Keywords [en]
Single crystal superalloy, TMF, Crack growth, Crystallographic crack growth, Aging, Hold time, Creep crack growth
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184766DOI: 10.3384/9789179292973ISBN: 9789179292966 (print)ISBN: 9789179292973 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-184766DiVA, id: diva2:1655777
Public defence
2022-06-03, C3, C Building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding agencies: The Swedish Energy Agency and Siemens Energy

Available from: 2022-05-03 Created: 2022-05-03 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Fatigue crack growth behaviour of an alternative single crystal nickel base superalloy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fatigue crack growth behaviour of an alternative single crystal nickel base superalloy
2018 (English)In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 109, p. 166-181Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The fatigue crack growth behaviour of a single crystal nickel base superalloy was studied at three different temperatures (20 degrees C, 500 degrees C and 750 degrees C) and three different crystallographic orientations. At the highest testing temperature, the influence of hold time at maximum load was also evaluated. Under some of the testing conditions, crystallographic crack growth occurred along {1 1 1} planes, which were non-perpendicular to the loading direction. The propensity for crystallographic cracking was observed to be strongly temperature dependent with a maximum occurring at the intermediate testing temperature of 500 degrees C. During non-crystallographic, Mode I crack growth the crack tended to avoid the gamma particles and propagated preferentially through the gamma matrix.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2018
Keywords
Single crystal superalloy; Fatigue; Crack growth; Crystallographic crack growth; Temperature dependence; Orientation dependence; Hold time influence
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-145431 (URN)10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.12.003 (DOI)000425073100017 ()
Note

Funding Agencies|Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspang, Sweden; Swedish Energy Agency, via the Research Consortium of Materials Technology for Thermal Energy Processes [KME-702]

Available from: 2018-04-03 Created: 2018-04-03 Last updated: 2022-05-03
2. Thermomechanical fatigue crack growth in a single crystal nickel base superalloy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermomechanical fatigue crack growth in a single crystal nickel base superalloy
2019 (English)In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 122, p. 184-198Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Thermomechanical fatigue crack growth in a single crystal nickel base superalloy was studied. Tests were performed on single edge notched specimens, using in phase and out of phase thermomechanical fatigue cycling with temperature ranges of 100-750°C and 100-850°C and hold times at maximum temperature ranging from 10s to 6h. Isothermal testing at 100°C, 750°C and 850°C was also performed using the same test setup. A compliance-based method is proposed to experimentally evaluate the crack opening stress and thereby estimate the effective stress intensity factor range ΔKeff for both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. For in phase thermomechanical fatigue, the crack growth rate is increased if a hold time is applied at the maximum temperature. By using the compliance-based crack opening evaluation, this increase in crack growth rate was explained by an increase in the effective stress intensity factor range which accelerated the cycle dependent crack growth. No significant difference in crack growth rate vs ΔKeff was observed between in phase thermomechanical fatigue tests and isothermal tests at the maximum temperature. For out of phase thermomechanical fatigue, the crack growth rate was insensitive to the maximum temperature and also to the length of hold time at maximum temperature. The crack growth rate vs ΔKeff during out of phase thermomechanical fatigue was significantly higher than during isothermal fatigue at the minimum temperature, even though the advancement of the crack presumably occurs at the same temperature. Dissolution of γ′ precipitates and recrystallization at the crack tip during out of phase thermomechanical fatigue is suggested as a likely explanation for this difference in crack growth rate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
single crystal superalloy, thermomechanical fatigue, crack growth, crack closure
National Category
Materials Engineering Applied Mechanics Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology Metallurgy and Metallic Materials Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154074 (URN)10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.01.014 (DOI)000462110100017 ()
Note

Funding agencies: Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspang, Sweden; Swedish Energy Agency, via the Research Consortium of Materials Technology for Thermal Energy Processes [KME-702]

Available from: 2019-01-28 Created: 2019-01-28 Last updated: 2022-05-17
3. Modelling the crack growth behaviour of a single crystal nickel base superalloy under TMF loading with long dwell times
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Modelling the crack growth behaviour of a single crystal nickel base superalloy under TMF loading with long dwell times
Show others...
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 144, article id 106074Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The influence of hold time on the crack growth behaviour of a single crystal nickel base superalloy under in phase thermomechanical fatigue is investigated. Two da/dt models were calibrated using creep crack growth tests in the temperature range 750-950 degrees C: one based on K and the other on (C-t)(avg). The models were applied, in combination with a cycle dependent model, to predict da/dN of in-phase thermomechanical fatigue crack growth tests with 1-6 h hold time. The predictions based on K were inaccurate and generally non-conservative, whereas the predictions based on (C-t)(avg) were accurate. da/dt vs (C-t)(avg) followed a single trendline for all temperatures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2021
Keywords
Single crystal superalloy; Creep; Fatigue; TMF; Dwell; Crack growth
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173174 (URN)10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106074 (DOI)000606749300005 ()
Note

Funding Agencies|Siemens Energy AB in Finspang, Sweden; Swedish Energy Agency, via the Research Consortium of Materials Technology for Thermal Energy ProcessesSwedish Energy Agency [KME-702]

Available from: 2021-02-10 Created: 2021-02-10 Last updated: 2022-05-03
4. Modelling of the transition from mode I to crystallographic crack growth in a single crystal gas turbine blade alloy under service-like loading conditions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Modelling of the transition from mode I to crystallographic crack growth in a single crystal gas turbine blade alloy under service-like loading conditions
Show others...
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 163, article id 107077Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In fatigue life prediction of single crystal gas turbine blades, the risk of rapid crystallographic crack growth along the close-packed planes poses a large uncertainty. A criterion is proposed to predict the transition from mode I to crystallographic crack growth, which is necessary for reliable prediction of the number of cycles from crack initiation to the onset of crystallographic crack growth. The proposed criterion is calibrated against tests performed under a wide range of conditions representative for a gas turbine blade, including isothermal fatigue crack growth tests and thermomechanical fatigue crack growth tests, some including hold times and pre-test aging.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Single crystal superalloy, TMF, Crack growth, Crystallographic crack growth, Aging, Hold time
National Category
Other Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-186053 (URN)10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107077 (DOI)000818487800002 ()
Note

Funding agencies: The work has been supported financially by Siemens Energy AB in Finspång, Sweden and the Swedish Energy Agency, via the Research Consortium of Materials Technology for Thermal Energy Processes, Grant No. KME-702.

Available from: 2022-06-17 Created: 2022-06-17 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(4781 kB)931 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 4781 kBChecksum SHA-512
078329340e413a3997dfdbb6b3e0507f5889dc6797da4b1a8aa011d0038f3b044bb3732742c9262264f4803bca4edfdbc76751eba2b257897c17a98f743d0004
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf
Order online >>

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Palmert, Frans

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Palmert, Frans
By organisation
Engineering MaterialsFaculty of Science & Engineering
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 934 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1129 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf