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Analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry long-term recordings for investigation of cerebral microcirculation during neurointensive care
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0012-7867
2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, ISSN 1662-4548, E-ISSN 1662-453X, Vol. 16, article id 1030805Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cerebral blood flow is monitored in the neurointensive care unit (NICU) to avoid further brain damage caused by secondary insults following subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain trauma. Current techniques are mainly snap-shot based and focus on larger vessels. However, continuous monitoring of the smaller vessels may help detect the onset of secondary insults at an earlier stage. In this study, long-term measurements of brain microcirculation with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were performed and evaluated. The aim was to identify and describe physiological signal variations and separate these from movement artifacts. Fiberoptic probes for subcortical LDF recordings of perfusion and total light intensity (TLI) were implanted in three patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Data were successfully collected and visualized in real-time over 4 days, resulting in 34, 12, and 8.5 h per patient. Visual observation, wavelet transforms, moving medians, and peak envelopes were used to identify and describe movement artifacts and physiological changes. Artifacts occurred in <5% of the total recording time and could be identified through signal processing. Identified physiological signal patterns included a slowly increasing perfusion trend over hours, vasomotion mainly at 2 cycles/min both in the perfusion and the TLI, and rapid, synchronized changes in the TLI and the perfusion on 38 occasions. Continuous LDF recordings indicating changes in the microvascular blood flow can increase the understanding of the microcirculation in the injured brain. In the long run, this may become a complement for the detection of secondary insults at an earlier stage than possible with todays techniques.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA , 2022. Vol. 16, article id 1030805
Keywords [en]
human brain; laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF); neurointensive care unit (NICU); microcirculation; vasomotion; cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD); signal analysis
National Category
Neurosciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190346DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1030805ISI: 000886258100001PubMedID: 36408392Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85142145314OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-190346DiVA, id: diva2:1716526
Available from: 2022-12-06 Created: 2022-12-06 Last updated: 2026-05-13
In thesis
1. Cerebral Microcirculation and Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Laser Doppler flowmetry and proteomics in patients during neurocritical care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cerebral Microcirculation and Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Laser Doppler flowmetry and proteomics in patients during neurocritical care
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is a severe form of stroke with high mortality and many patients left with debilitating sequelae. The first 10-14 days after bled is a period of specific risk for secondary injuries and more research is needed to understand their mechanisms.

We found laser-Doppler flowmetry to be a feasible method for long time recordings of cerebral microcirculatory flow with a low rate of artifacts. Vasomotion of the cerebral vessels could be registered and vasomotion frequencies varied over time and between hemispheres. Correlation between microcirculatory flow and clinically monitored parameters was calculated and trended over time.

In cerebral microdialysate we found the novel biomarkers Transthyretin in nine proteoforms, and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in four proteoforms. Both Transthyretin and GAPDH proteoforms vary in different pattern over time after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

We also found Erythropoietin (EPO) and Tumor Necrosis Alpha-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in increasing values among patients who developed vasospasm, while Neurofilament Light chain (NFL), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed decreasing values. The trend of these biomarkers may reflect metabolic changes and varying protein expression after subarachnoid bled.

The studies forming this thesis are small and hypothesis generating but show that cerebral microcirculation can be studied in a neurocritical care setting and that data can be correlated to routinely monitored parameters. We have also shown that novel biomarkers can shed new light on cerebral metabolism and protein expression during development of secondary brain injuries. Further studies in larger patient cohorts, combining these methods over time and relating them to outcome measures, will have to be performed before they can be introduced into clinical decision making.

Abstract [sv]

Aneurysmal subaraknoidalblödning (hjärnhinneblödning) är en allvarlig form av stroke med hög risk för allvarliga komplikationer. De första 10-14 dagarna efter blödningen är extra känsliga och olika mekanismer kan bidra till sekundära hjärnskador.

Vi har utvecklat laser-Doppler metodik för användning i långtidsbruk under neurointensivvård och funnit låg risk för störningar. Undersökningarna har visat att hjärnans blodkärl varierar sin storlek på ett periodiskt vid (vasomotion) och att vasomotionen varierade över tid och mellan hjärnhalvorna och detta kunde jämföras med andra övervakningsmetoder som används vid neurointensivvård.

Via mikrodialysteknik hittade vi bärarproteinet Transthyretin i 9 olika former liksom enzymet Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) vilka varierade över tid efter subaraknoidalblödningen. Vi kunde även hitta 5 andra proteiner och såg att de varierade över tid och med olika mönster hos de patienter som drabbades av komplikationen kärlkramp i hjärnans blodkärl. Proteinerna Erythropoietin (EPO) och Tumor Necrosis Alpha-related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) ökade i samband med kärlkramp och Neurofilament Light chain (NFL), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) och Interleukin-6 (IL-6) minskade i samband med kärlkramp.

De studier som underbygger avhandlingen är små och hypotes-genererande men visar att det går att mäta den kritiska mikrocirkulationen och att detta kan jämföras med andra rutinmätvärden under neurointensivvård. Vi har också sett att nya biomarkörer kan tillföra kunskap och beskriva de förlopp som sker efter subaraknoidalblödning.

Det behövs större och jämförande studier där vi testar dessa metoder och kombinerar dem med andra mätvärden och utfallsmått för patienterna innan det går att börja använda dessa tekniker för kliniskt beslutsfattande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 77
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 2030
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-222742 (URN)10.3384/9789181184495 (DOI)9789181184488 (ISBN)9789181184495 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-05-08, Hugo Theorellsalen, building 440, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-04-13 Created: 2026-04-13 Last updated: 2026-04-14Bibliographically approved

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Ginstman, Fredrik

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