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Party Education as Mobilisation: Framing education in Swedish and Spanish political parties of the left
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Adult Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Mobiliserande partiutbildning i svenska och spanska vänsterpartier (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

This dissertation aims to contribute knowledge of how five movement-related left parties in Sweden and Spain formulate education for their members. By analysing (i) the Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party, (ii) the Swedish Left Party, (iii) the Spanish Social Democratic Workers’ Party, (iv) the Spanish United Left and (v) the Spanish Podemos, the study interprets how organised educational activities are formulated and motivated with the aim to instigate member engagement. The analysis builds on interviews with leading party representatives and study leaders, study and course materials, and other official documents, which steer how the parties organise their education. With a framing perspective as a theoretical itinerary, the study emphasises parties' education as a setting where meaning is formulated to initiate collective action.   

The four included papers stress and discuss how educational material is formulated and how the parties perceive and motivate organised party education. Papers 1 and 2 analyse text materials and shows how educational materials establish narratives that invites the members to become active in the parties. Even though the educational narrative is welcoming, the study materials also reinforce frames of how to be schooled into becoming an ideal party member. Papers 3 and 4 study interview materials and suggest that member education is interpreted as something that strengthens parties’ movement relations, provides useful training, opens up a space for political reflection, and constructs a feeling of community within the parties.   

The dissertation emphasises that these five movement-related left parties perceive their educational activities as settings that create relations between the party and its members. Applying the framing perspective to the understudied educational practices that transpire in parties contributes to deepening the theoretical understanding of how education can be formulated in relation to its bearing on creating collective identities.   

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att bidra med kunskap om hur politiska partier motiverar och formulerar internutbildningar för sina medlemmar. Genom att undersöka partiers medlemsutbildningar riktas strålkastarljus mot dessa utbildningars avsedda roll i den politiska socialiseringen som sker inom ramen för politiska partier. För att förstå hur utbildningar formuleras och motiveras appliceras ett inramningsperspektiv som brukar användas inom sociala rörelse-forskning för att analysera hur rörelsers budskap ramas in. I den här studien tillämpas inramningsperspektivet för att tolka partiutbildningens potentiella identitetsformerande betydelser och roll i politisk mobilisering i fem vänsterorienterade partier med stark rörelseanknytning i Sverige och Spanien: det svenska Socialdemokratiska arbetarepartiet (SAP), Vänsterpartiet (V), det spanska Socialdemokratiska arbetarepartiet (PSOE), Enad vänster (IU) och Podemos (P). Hur dessa fem partier motiverar och formulerar sin internutbildning tolkas i analyser av intervjuer med ledande partiföreträdare och studieledare, utbildningsmaterial och andra interna dokument som styr partiutbildningsverksamhet.   

Avhandlingen är utformad som en sammanläggningsavhandling med fyra delstudier som belyser och diskuterar olika aspekter av de fem partiernas motiv bakom sina internutbildningar. Delstudie 1 och 2 bygger på textmaterial och åskådliggör hur utbildningsmaterial används för att etablera narrativ som kan konstruera kollektiva partiidentiteter och medverkar till att rama in olika typer av idealmedlemmar. Delstudie 3 och 4 bygger på intervjumaterial och visar att partiutbildning förstås som ett sammanhang som stärker rörelsen runt partierna, lär ut viktiga kunskaper till framtida ledare och medlemmar och ger rum för politisk reflektion, samt att utbildningen tillskrivs en roll i att stärka medlemmarnas relation till partierna. I tolkningen av partiernas förståelse av sin egen utbildning framträder en utbildningssituation som nyttjas för att införliva medlemmar i den kollektiva partigemenskapen.  

Sammantaget bidrar den här avhandlingen till att framhäva hur utbildningssituationer i dessa fem partier potentiellt har stor betydelse för hur partiaktiva socialiseras in i det demokratiska systemet. Genom att teoretiskt belysa hur partiutbildning motiveras och formuleras i relation till dess identitetsformerande betydelser bidrar avhandlingen också till att fördjupa den teoretiska förståelsen och  inomvetenskapliga diskussionen om denna underforskade utbildningspraktik.    

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. , p. 88
Series
Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 249
Keywords [en]
Collective identities, Framing perspective, Left parties, Mobilisation, Party education
Keywords [sv]
Inramningsperspektiv, Kollektiva identiteter, Mobilisering, Partiutbildning, vänsterpartier
National Category
Pedagogy Educational Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190405DOI: 10.3384/9789179296032ISBN: 9789179296025 (print)ISBN: 9789179296032 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-190405DiVA, id: diva2:1716932
Public defence
2023-01-27, Key1, House Key, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-12-07 Created: 2022-12-07 Last updated: 2022-12-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Welcome to the party: A frame analysis of the construction of party identities in Swedish left parties’ new-member education
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Welcome to the party: A frame analysis of the construction of party identities in Swedish left parties’ new-member education
2020 (English)In: Studies in the Education of Adults, ISSN 0266-0830, E-ISSN 1478-9833, Vol. 52, no 2, p. 232-249Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article discusses how study material created for intra-party education for the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish Left Party constructs party identities, by analysing how study material developed for instructing new party members frames the party’s organisation, history, and ideology. While the analysis reveals that both parties frame their organisations as popular movements, they differ in their framing of history and ideology: the Social Democrats articulate their position as a governing party, whereas the Left Party situates itself in relation to a broader left-leaning movement and discusses contemporary political issues. Regardless of these differences, both parties construct flexible identities without clear excluding mechanisms. In short, everyone is welcome. The sparse emphasis on persuading members of the parties’ policies suggests that the parties assume that new members already agree with the righteousness of their politics. This leads to an educational situation that predominantly aims to create a feeling of belonging and to make members feel engaged in ‘the movement’.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2020
Keywords
adult education, collective identity, member mobilisation, movement, party education
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-169901 (URN)10.1080/02660830.2020.1791480 (DOI)000549751800001 ()2-s2.0-85087741713 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-09-23 Created: 2020-09-23 Last updated: 2022-12-07Bibliographically approved
2. Schooling party life - A frame analysis of Spanish left parties intra-party education
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Schooling party life - A frame analysis of Spanish left parties intra-party education
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, ISSN 0260-1370, E-ISSN 1464-519X, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 294-307Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article explores how the three Spanish parties that formed a coalition government at the beginning of 2020 - (i) the Spanish Social Democratic Party, (ii) the United Left and (iii) Podemos - organise education for their members. With frame analysis as a theoretical itinerary, the study begins to outline what the parties schools are about, how they are organised, and why parties provide education for their members. The analysis reveals that the weekend schools vary between ideological and policy-orientated content. These schools are similar in form, but differ in terms of the student-teacher relationships and whether they focus on theory or practice, implying different pedagogical methods. The motivation for party education is framed as fulfiling participatory functions or providing members with the right to education. Thereby, by identifying frames and uncovering different tendencies for how parties organise their party schools, the descriptive framing perspective allows for a broader discussion of how members are socialised into their parties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge; Taylor & Francis, 2022
Keywords
Adult education; frame analysis; left parties; party education; Spain
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184258 (URN)10.1080/02601370.2022.2057607 (DOI)000774809200001 ()
Available from: 2022-04-11 Created: 2022-04-11 Last updated: 2023-03-02Bibliographically approved
3. Educating the left - framing party education in Sweden and Spain
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Educating the left - framing party education in Sweden and Spain
2023 (English)In: Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, ISSN 1477-9714, E-ISSN 1479-7194, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 294-312Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article interprets how five left-leaning parties in Sweden and Spain intend to politically socialise their members through the use of educational activities. By applying a framing perspective on interviews with leading party representatives from the five parties, the analysis theoretically illuminates how educational activities can be a tool for mobilisation. While the interviewed party representatives stress that educating their members has several functions for a party, three salient frames about party education are identified in the interview data as follows: education as (i) movement building, (ii) training members and leaders and (iii) deliberative reflection. Categorising the different ways that in which education is understood shows how different political motives are integrated into parties education. Hence, the findings emphasise the intermediating role that education plays between a party organisation and its members in left parties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications Ltd, 2023
Keywords
Framing perspective; party education; left parties; mobilisation; political parties
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189313 (URN)10.1177/14779714221131831 (DOI)000864281200001 ()
Available from: 2022-10-19 Created: 2022-10-19 Last updated: 2023-12-07Bibliographically approved
4. Framing collective identities in Swedish and Spanish left-leaning parties intra-party education
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Framing collective identities in Swedish and Spanish left-leaning parties intra-party education
2023 (English)In: Journal of Contemporary European Studies, ISSN 1478-2804, E-ISSN 1478-2790, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 929-943Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article sets out to uncover the role that educational activities for members play in the construction of identities in political parties. Guided by a framing perspective, the study focuses on five left-leaning parties in Sweden and Spain and their intra-party education, and interviews have been conducted with party representatives and study leaders. The analysis reveals that the educational activities provided by the parties for their members are intended to create a sense of belonging and connect the members to the parties. Three different tendencies for creating a sense of we-ness in the parties unfold - (i) Welcome!, (ii) Get in line! And (iii) Unite! - which mirrors how identities are constructed within the education to reinforce the members relationships with their parties. Emphasising these three identities serves to distinguish how frames are integrated into educational settings and how the parties motivate their members to become engaged in the party collectives.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge; Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
Party education; collective identities; framing perspective; Sweden; Spain
National Category
Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187420 (URN)10.1080/14782804.2022.2097207 (DOI)000821029800001 ()
Available from: 2022-08-23 Created: 2022-08-23 Last updated: 2023-11-21Bibliographically approved

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