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Market-Shaping as Meta-Strategy: A Strategy of Strategies
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Markets are increasingly perceived as malleable systems constituted by actors that endogenously generate and shape the market. This view extends the traditional market view beyond the buyer-seller dyad and encompasses both directly market-related actors such as companies, suppliers, and buyers but also nonmarket actors such as regulators, lobbyists, journalists, activists, and the wider public. This alternative view has led to the emergence of market-shaping strategies, which refer to a focal company’s deliberate efforts to alter market characteristics, such as price levels or nonmarket elements, such as regulations, in its favor. Most descriptions of market-shaping strategies suggest that they influence both the market and nonmarket environments synergistically, and thus resemble the concept of an integrated strategy. However, given the systemic nature of markets, a company shaping a market may need to combine intended actions aimed at realizing the focal company’s market-shaping vision and emergent actions as response to emerging system dynamics. This implies that a market-shaping strategy may be constituted by different strategies with different but synergistic goals unified by the overarching goal of realizing the focal company’s market-shaping goal. In other words, a market-shaping strategy may be a strategy of strategies – a meta-strategy.  Moreover, previous research has indicated the significant potential of market-shaping strategies to improve the financial performance of companies as well as the overall market performance by increasing market size, market growth and value creation. However, despite this potential, the notion of market-shaping strategies has remained conceptually and empirically underdeveloped.   

This dissertation seeks to improve our understanding of market-shaping strategies by analyzing the constituent dimensions of market-shaping strategies and by presenting new empirical insights into how such strategies are employed. Hereby, two papers synthesize extant literature on market-shaping to analyze and conceptualize the underlying process of market-shaping strategies as well as a typology of distinct market-shaping strategies. The other two papers provide new empirical evidence concerning the employment of market-shaping strategies by investigating the influence of market-shaping roles and capabilities on the market-shaping efforts of a focal company.  

Drawing on the findings in the appended papers, this dissertation examines market-shaping strategies from the perspective of a market, nonmarket, integrated, and meta-strategy to reduce the concept’s theoretical and conceptual ambiguity and enhance our conceptual and empirical knowledge of how market-shaping strategies are construed and employed.   

This dissertation proposes market-shaping to be a meta-strategy of different integrated strategies focused on shaping both the market and nonmarket environment, while mitigating system dynamics and pursuing the overarching goal of shaping a market. This meta-strategic perspective provides a more nuanced and structured approach to understanding market-shaping strategies, reducing ambiguity, and emphasizing the interrelations between different environments and strategies. Through this structured approach, the interrelations between the different environments and strategies are emphasized, rendering dynamics and synergies between the two more comprehensible and highlighting the necessity for systemic strategies.  Thereby, this dissertation contributes to the literature on market shaping by providing a more detailed understanding of the nature and dimensions of market-shaping strategies, and how such strategies are employed by companies in practice. Through this effort, several theoretical and managerial implications are proposed as well as policy implications suggested that indicate a potential dark side of market-shaping strategies.    

Abstract [sv]

Marknader uppfattas alltmer som formbara system som består av aktörer som skapar och formar marknaden. Detta synsätt utvidgar det traditionella perspektivet på marknader till att omfatta både direkt marknadsrelaterade aktörer som företag, leverantörer och kunder samt icke-marknadsaktörer som tillsynsmyndigheter, lobbyister, journalister, aktivister och allmänheten. Detta alternativa synsätt har lett till framväxten av forskning om marknadsskapande strategier, som avser ett fokusföretags avsiktliga ansträngningar att förändra marknaders egenskaper, t.ex. prisnivåer, eller regleringar, till sin fördel. De flesta beskrivningar av marknadsformande strategier antyder att de påverkar både marknads- och icke-marknadsmiljön på ett synergistiskt sätt, och liknar därmed begreppet integrerad strategi. Med tanke på marknadernas systemiska karaktär kan ett företag som formar en marknad dock behöva kombinera avsedda åtgärder som syftar till att förverkliga det centrala företagets marknadsformande vision och framväxande åtgärder som svar på framväxande systemdynamik. Detta innebär att en marknadsformande strategi kan bestå av olika strategier med olika men synergistiska mål som förenas av det övergripande målet att förverkliga det centrala företagets marknadsformande mål. Med andra ord kan en marknadsformande strategi vara en strategi av strategier - en metastrategi. Tidigare forskning har dessutom visat att marknadsformande strategier har en betydande potential att förbättra företagens ekonomiska resultat och den totala marknadens resultat genom att öka marknadsstorleken, marknadstillväxten och värdeskapandet. Trots denna potential har begreppet marknadsformande strategier förblivit konceptuellt och empiriskt underutvecklat.  

Denna avhandling syftar till att förbättra vår förståelse av marknadsskapande strategier genom att analysera strategiernas ingående dimensioner samt genom att presentera nya empiriska insikter om hur sådana strategier används. I två artiklar sammanfattas den befintliga litteraturen om marknadsskapande för att analysera och konceptualisera den underliggande processen samt en typologi för olika marknadsskapande strategier. De andra två artiklarna ger nya empiriska belägg för användningen av marknadsskapande strategier genom att undersöka hur roller och förmågor påverkar marknadsskapande hos olika företag.   

Med utgångspunkt i resultaten i de bifogade artiklarna undersöker denna avhandling marknadskapande strategier ur ett marknadsperspektiv, ett icke-marknadsperspektiv, ett integrerat perspektiv och ett metastrategiskt perspektiv för att minska begreppets teoretiska och begreppsmässiga tvetydighet och öka vår begreppsmässiga och empiriska kunskap om hur marknadsskapande strategier konstrueras och används.   

I denna avhandling föreslås att marknadsskapande är en metastrategi med olika integrerade strategier som är inriktade på att forma både marknads- och icke-marknadsmiljön, samtidigt som systemdynamiken mildras och det övergripande målet att forma en marknad eftersträvas. Detta metastrategiska perspektiv ger ett mer nyanserat och strukturerat tillvägagångssätt för att förstå marknadsskapande strategier, minska tvetydigheten och betona sambanden mellan olika kontexter och strategier. Genom detta strukturerade tillvägagångssätt betonas sambanden mellan olika kontexter och strategier, vilket gör dynamiken och synergieffekterna mellan de två mer begripliga och framhäver behovet av systemiska strategier.   Därmed bidrar denna avhandling till litteraturen om marknadsskapande genom att ge en mer detaljerad förståelse för karaktären och dimensionerna av marknadsskapande strategier och hur sådana strategier används av företag i praktiken. Genom detta arbete föreslås flera teoretiska och praktiska implikationer samt politiska implikationer som visar på en potentiell mörk sida av marknadsskapande strategier.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. , p. 93
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 855
Keywords [en]
Market-shaping, Market-shaping strategies, Integrated strategies, Markets, Systemic trategies, Meta-strategies
Keywords [sv]
Marknadsformning, Marknadsformande strategier, Integrerade strategier, Marknader, Systemiska strategier, Metastrategier
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193053DOI: 10.3384/9789180751810ISBN: 9789180751803 (print)ISBN: 9789180751810 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-193053DiVA, id: diva2:1749798
Public defence
2023-05-12, ACAS, A-building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

2023-04-11: ISBN (PDF) has been added in the E-version.

Available from: 2023-04-11 Created: 2023-04-11 Last updated: 2023-04-11Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Market-shaping phases: a qualitative meta-analysis and conceptual framework
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Market-shaping phases: a qualitative meta-analysis and conceptual framework
2021 (English)In: AMS review, ISSN 1869-814X, Vol. 11, p. 354-374Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study explores the potential existence of reoccurring patterns in market-shaping processes by employing a qualitative meta-analysis to analyze 79 case studies on market-shaping. Through the evidence-based synthesis of qualitative data, we extract 20 generalized market-shaping activities that inform and form the foundation of a three-phased market-shaping process. This conceptual framework divides the market-shaping process into the phases of infusion, formation and retention. By applying our conceptual framework to the qualitative dataset, we explore the presence of market-shaping phases and provide further insights into the interdependences and dynamics between multiple, simultaneously occurring, market-shaping processes. By providing a structured market-shaping process, we attempt to reduce the overall complexity of the market-shaping phenomenon and facilitate the operationalization of the phenomenon for further market-shaping research. Additionally, our conceptualization provides practitioners with a framework to analyze the market-shaping efforts of other market actors and support the design of their own market-shaping strategies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
markets, market-shaping, market creation, market strategy
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-182124 (URN)10.1007/s13162-021-00213-z (DOI)2-s2.0-85121524591 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding: Open access funding provided by Linköping University. The authors acknowledge the financial support of Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (The Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences) (research grant number: P18-0588–1).

Available from: 2022-01-03 Created: 2022-01-03 Last updated: 2025-09-09Bibliographically approved
2. Market-shaping strategies: A conceptual framework for generating market outcomes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Market-shaping strategies: A conceptual framework for generating market outcomes
2021 (English)In: Industrial Marketing Management, ISSN 0019-8501, E-ISSN 1873-2062, Vol. 96, p. 254-266Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We identify four market-shaping strategies and their related activities that enable a focal market actor to work towards specific market outcomes. The conceptual framework provides firms with a tool for choosing specific market-shaping strategies depending on their market-shaping intention (offensive/defensive) and perception of a market's stability (stable/unstable). Accordingly, and in line with market-shaping literature, the four market-shaping strategies enable a firm to widen, reduce, maintain, or disrupt a market. Whereas previous market-strategy conceptualizations emphasized firm-level outcomes, the four identified market-shaping strategies focus on market outcomes and encompass a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of a firm's strategic actions on a market. Thereby, this study offers new perspectives on the implementation of market strategies in the context of markets as complex adaptive systems. By exemplifying the four market-shaping strategies using four industry cases, we illustrate how market-shaping strategies can appear in practice and demonstrate how firms can strategically leverage and steer market processes to their advantage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021
Keywords
Market shaping, Market driving, Market strategy, Competitive advantage
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177235 (URN)10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.06.004 (DOI)000669489500021 ()2-s2.0-85108123215 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, P18-0588:1
Note

Funding: Riksbankens Jubileumsfond [P180588:1]

Available from: 2021-06-23 Created: 2021-06-23 Last updated: 2023-04-11Bibliographically approved
3. Market-shaping roles - Exploring actor roles in the shaping of the Swedish market for liquefied gas
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Market-shaping roles - Exploring actor roles in the shaping of the Swedish market for liquefied gas
2022 (English)In: Industrial Marketing Management, ISSN 0019-8501, E-ISSN 1873-2062, Vol. 104, p. 68-84Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Despite the emphasis on actors in the market-shaping literature, the market-shaping roles and heterogeneity of market actors have mostly been aggregated into overarching practices, processes, or activities. While market-shaping research has provided rich insights into the different activities, and actors, that play a role in shaping markets, it remains unclear how the differences in market actors market-shaping engagement translate back into specific roles. By following the Swedish market for liquefied gas over a period of three years, this longitudinal case study draws on extensive data to further elucidate market-shaping processes through the lens of roles. Employing an abductive theorizing approach, we empirically investigate the different roles performed by market actors in market-shaping processes. We discover that roles depend on the different levels in market-shaping engagement towards a focal market vision that ultimately relates to the disposition, behavior and influence displayed by the specific actors. Within this process we identify and delineate six market-shaping roles: the Market Driver, Market Supporter, Market Missionary, Market Rival, Market Catalyzer, and Market Detractor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Science Inc, 2022
Keywords
Market-shaping roles; Market-shaping; Engagement; Sustainable markets; Role theory; Market vision
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-185809 (URN)10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.04.006 (DOI)000803817600001 ()
Available from: 2022-06-14 Created: 2022-06-14 Last updated: 2023-04-11
4. Using dynamic capabilities to shape markets for alternative technologies: A comparative case study of automotive incumbents
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Using dynamic capabilities to shape markets for alternative technologies: A comparative case study of automotive incumbents
2022 (English)In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, ISSN 2210-4224, E-ISSN 2210-4232, Vol. 42, p. 12-26Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper analyzes how incumbent firms act to shape markets for new technology alternatives. It introduces a framework that highlights important linkages between the dynamic market-shaping capabilities of individual firms and market-shaping processes on a system level. The framework is used to analyze the endeavors of two large heavy vehicle manufacturers to introduce two technology platforms-electrified trucks and trucks fueled by liquefied gas-as alternatives to traditional diesel-fueled trucks. The analysis shows how incumbent firms deploy market-shaping capabilities to claim legitimate positions in envisioned future markets. The paper concludes by pointing to the dynamism of market interactions in sustainability transitions, showing how firms induce system-level reconfigurations and how such reconfigurations induce changes at the level of the firm.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Incumbents; Dynamic capabilities; Market-shaping; Automotive; Alternative technologies; Value creation
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181632 (URN)10.1016/j.eist.2021.10.031 (DOI)000723168600002 ()
Note

Funding Agencies|Energimyndigheten [P46351-1]; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond [P18-0588-1]

Available from: 2021-12-06 Created: 2021-12-06 Last updated: 2023-09-28

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