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Quiet in class? Exploring discourses on verbal participation
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education, Teaching and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
2023 (English)In: Educational research (Windsor. Print), ISSN 0013-1881, E-ISSN 1469-5847, Vol. 65, no 2, p. 230-247Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundVerbal participation in the classroom is generally considered to contribute to positive student engagement and learning outcomes. Students are often required to demonstrate their learning in class by, for example, raising their hands and answering questions. However, there are students who remain quiet in the classroom, and are not responsive to invitations to participate. As quietness and low levels of verbal participation in class are often perceived and positioned as problematic in many educational systems and settings, more needs to be understood about the notion of students verbal participation and the implications for supporting all students learning journeys through school.

PurposeThe study sought to explore how students verbal participation was constructed and positioned in the narratives of parent-teacher conferences.

MethodA Swedish corpus of audio recordings and transcriptions of parent-teacher conferences with 24 students in years 5 and 6 (approximate student ages 10-12) across five schools was utilised as the basis for the investigation. Through an interactionally-oriented narrative approach, a collection of stories about verbal participation was identified. These stories were analysed using the concept of narrative positioning. Three stories from the collection were selected to demonstrate, in greater depth, aspects of how students verbal participation was constructed and how discourses unfolded.

FindingsThe analysis demonstrated diversity in terms of how discourses were employed and how students were positioned in the narratives about verbal participation. Prevalent discourses drew on notions of learning, affect and assessment and were identified as pedagogical, psychological and performative discourses.ConclusionsThe study highlights how verbal participation tends to be constructed as an individual undertaking, with the implication being that students are assigned individual responsibility for this. As students are usually encouraged to make the most of their verbal participation in class, the study gives rise to important and complex questions in terms of challenging assumptions about how best to support student learning, particularly in the case of students who remain quiet in the classroom.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD , 2023. Vol. 65, no 2, p. 230-247
Keywords [en]
Verbal participation; performativity; student learning; parent-teacher conference; narrative positioning
National Category
Didactics Educational Sciences Pedagogy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193693DOI: 10.1080/00131881.2023.2203138ISI: 000980897500001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-193693DiVA, id: diva2:1756879
Available from: 2023-05-15 Created: 2023-05-15 Last updated: 2025-12-22
In thesis
1. Elev då, nu och framåt: Bedömningsberättelser och elevperformativitet i betygs- och utvecklingssamtal
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elev då, nu och framåt: Bedömningsberättelser och elevperformativitet i betygs- och utvecklingssamtal
2026 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Student then, now and forward : Assessment narratives and student performativity in development and grade dialogues
Abstract [sv]

Betygs- och utvecklingssamtal är återkommande inslag i skolgången och är centrala för såväl skolans styrning som elevers syn på sig själva och sin förmåga. I avhandlingen studeras betygs- och utvecklingssamtal med elever som får betyg i årskurs 4–6. Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om det elever, lärare och vårdnadshavare gör genom samtalen och belysa betydelser detta kan ha för elever och skolan. Fokus är att förstå hur betygs- och utvecklingssamtal formar elever i ett skolsystem präglat av performativ styrning. Frågeställningarna rör hur berättelser formas och används, hur elever positioneras, hur nationell bedömningspolicy och lokala villkor kommer till uttryck samt hur föreställningar om elever konstrueras och förhandlas i relation till skolans bredare uppdrag. Avhandlingen utgår från en interaktionsorienterad narrativ ansats med perspektiv på positionering, policygörande och performativitet. Empirin består av ljudinspelningar från betygs- och utvecklingssamtal från fem skolor och analyseras genom en positioneringsanalys. I avhandlingen ingår tre artiklar som visar hur deltagarna (I) formar narrativ om elevers framtidsutsikter, (II) förhandlar förväntningar om elevers muntliga aktivitet och (III) gör betyg till en emotionell angelägenhet. Resultaten diskuteras genom begreppen individualisering och temporalitet som synliggör hur elevers förmåga, ansvar och utveckling förstås, förhandlas och värderas över tid. För att fördjupa diskussionen introduceras begreppen elevperformativitet och bedömningsberättelser. Elevperformativitet synliggör hur elever förväntas framställa sig själva som ansvarstagande och strategiska i linje med skolans mål och ideal. Bedömningsberättelser synliggör hur samtalets deltagare i samspel med bedömningspolicy formar berättelser om elever och deras prestationer. Avhandlingen visar hur betygs- och utvecklingssamtal fungerar som styrningsmekanismer som kan stabilisera, utmana eller omförhandla bedömningsberättelser om elever, som därigenom kan forma hur elever ser på sin förmåga och sig själva i skolan.

Abstract [en]

Development and grade dialogues are recurring meetings, central for both educational governing and students’ perceptions of themselves and their abilities. This thesis examines development and grade dialogues with students who receive grades in Years 4–6. The aim is to contribute to knowledge about the actions of students, teachers and parents in these meetings and their implications for students and school. The focus is on how these dialogues shape students within a performativity-driven school system. The research questions address how narratives are formed, how students are positioned, how national assessment policies and local conditions interact, and how notions of students are constructed in relation to broader educational goals. The thesis uses an interaction-oriented narrative approach combined with perspectives on positioning, policy enactment and performativity. The data consists of audio recordings of development and grade dialogues in five schools, analysed through positioning analysis. The included articles show how participants (I) construct narratives about students’ paths, (II) negotiate expectations about students’ verbal participation and (III) construct grades as an emotional concern. The findings are discussed using the concepts of individualisation and temporality, illustrating how the students’ responsibility and progress are negotiated, understood and valued over time. The thesis also introduces the concepts of student performativity and assessment narratives. Student performativity refers to expectations for students to present themselves as responsible and strategic in line with school objectives. Assessment narratives demonstrate how participants, in interaction with assessment policies, form stories about students and their performance. The thesis demonstrates that development and grade dialogues function as mechanisms that can stabilise, challenge or negotiate assessment narratives, shaping how students understand themselves and their abilities in school. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 171
Series
Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 275
Keywords
Student, Positioning, Grade conference, Parent-teacher conference, Assessment reform, Narrative, Performativity, Policy enactment, Primary education, Compulsory school, Elev, Positionering, Betygssamtal, Utvecklingssamtal, Betygsreform, Narrativ, Performativitet, Policygörande, Mellanstadiet, Grundskola
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-220200 (URN)10.3384/9789181184181 (DOI)9789181184174 (ISBN)9789181184181 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-02-06, I:101, I-huset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-12-22 Created: 2025-12-22 Last updated: 2025-12-22Bibliographically approved

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