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Altered levels of transthyretin in human cerebral microdialysate after subarachnoid haemorrhage using proteomics; a descriptive pilot study
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6396-5104
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3982-7745
2023 (English)In: Proteome Science, E-ISSN 1477-5956, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 10Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most severe forms of stroke in which delayed cerebral ischemia is one of the major complications. Neurointensive care aims at preventing and treating such complications and identification of biomarkers of early signs of ischemia might therefore be helpful.MethodsWe aimed at describing proteome profile in cerebral microdialysate in four patients with aneurysmal SAH using two dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry in search for new biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia and to investigate if there were temporal fluctuations in those biomarkers over time after aneurysmal bleed.ResultsThe results showed transthyretin in nine different proteoforms (1001, 1102, 2101, 3101, 4101, 4102, 5001, 5101, 6101) in cerebral microdialysate samples from four patients having sustained SAH. Several proteoforms show highly differing levels and pooled analysis of all samples showed varying optical density related to time from aneurysmal bleed, indicating a temporal evolution.ConclusionsTransthyretin proteoforms have not earlier been shown in cerebral microdialysate after SAH and we describe differing levels based on proteoform as well as time from subarachnoid bleed. Transthyretin is well known to be synthetized in choroid plexus, whilst intraparenchymal synthesis remains controversial. The results need to be confirmed in larger studies in order to further describe transthyretin.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMC , 2023. Vol. 21, no 1, article id 10
Keywords [en]
Proteomics; subarachnoid hemorrhage; microdialysis; transthyretin; prealbumin; biomarkers; brain ischemia
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-196700DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00210-zISI: 001022446800001PubMedID: 37420193Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85164180623OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-196700DiVA, id: diva2:1789592
Available from: 2023-08-21 Created: 2023-08-21 Last updated: 2026-05-13
In thesis
1. Cerebral Microcirculation and Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Laser Doppler flowmetry and proteomics in patients during neurocritical care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cerebral Microcirculation and Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Laser Doppler flowmetry and proteomics in patients during neurocritical care
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is a severe form of stroke with high mortality and many patients left with debilitating sequelae. The first 10-14 days after bled is a period of specific risk for secondary injuries and more research is needed to understand their mechanisms.

We found laser-Doppler flowmetry to be a feasible method for long time recordings of cerebral microcirculatory flow with a low rate of artifacts. Vasomotion of the cerebral vessels could be registered and vasomotion frequencies varied over time and between hemispheres. Correlation between microcirculatory flow and clinically monitored parameters was calculated and trended over time.

In cerebral microdialysate we found the novel biomarkers Transthyretin in nine proteoforms, and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in four proteoforms. Both Transthyretin and GAPDH proteoforms vary in different pattern over time after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

We also found Erythropoietin (EPO) and Tumor Necrosis Alpha-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in increasing values among patients who developed vasospasm, while Neurofilament Light chain (NFL), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed decreasing values. The trend of these biomarkers may reflect metabolic changes and varying protein expression after subarachnoid bled.

The studies forming this thesis are small and hypothesis generating but show that cerebral microcirculation can be studied in a neurocritical care setting and that data can be correlated to routinely monitored parameters. We have also shown that novel biomarkers can shed new light on cerebral metabolism and protein expression during development of secondary brain injuries. Further studies in larger patient cohorts, combining these methods over time and relating them to outcome measures, will have to be performed before they can be introduced into clinical decision making.

Abstract [sv]

Aneurysmal subaraknoidalblödning (hjärnhinneblödning) är en allvarlig form av stroke med hög risk för allvarliga komplikationer. De första 10-14 dagarna efter blödningen är extra känsliga och olika mekanismer kan bidra till sekundära hjärnskador.

Vi har utvecklat laser-Doppler metodik för användning i långtidsbruk under neurointensivvård och funnit låg risk för störningar. Undersökningarna har visat att hjärnans blodkärl varierar sin storlek på ett periodiskt vid (vasomotion) och att vasomotionen varierade över tid och mellan hjärnhalvorna och detta kunde jämföras med andra övervakningsmetoder som används vid neurointensivvård.

Via mikrodialysteknik hittade vi bärarproteinet Transthyretin i 9 olika former liksom enzymet Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) vilka varierade över tid efter subaraknoidalblödningen. Vi kunde även hitta 5 andra proteiner och såg att de varierade över tid och med olika mönster hos de patienter som drabbades av komplikationen kärlkramp i hjärnans blodkärl. Proteinerna Erythropoietin (EPO) och Tumor Necrosis Alpha-related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) ökade i samband med kärlkramp och Neurofilament Light chain (NFL), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) och Interleukin-6 (IL-6) minskade i samband med kärlkramp.

De studier som underbygger avhandlingen är små och hypotes-genererande men visar att det går att mäta den kritiska mikrocirkulationen och att detta kan jämföras med andra rutinmätvärden under neurointensivvård. Vi har också sett att nya biomarkörer kan tillföra kunskap och beskriva de förlopp som sker efter subaraknoidalblödning.

Det behövs större och jämförande studier där vi testar dessa metoder och kombinerar dem med andra mätvärden och utfallsmått för patienterna innan det går att börja använda dessa tekniker för kliniskt beslutsfattande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 77
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 2030
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-222742 (URN)10.3384/9789181184495 (DOI)9789181184488 (ISBN)9789181184495 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-05-08, Hugo Theorellsalen, building 440, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-04-13 Created: 2026-04-13 Last updated: 2026-04-14Bibliographically approved

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