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A prospective study comparing the quality of coronary computed tomography angiography images from photon counting and energy integrating detector systems
Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5309-0829
Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Medical radiation physics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3352-8330
Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5485-6769
Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
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2023 (English)In: Acta Radiologica, ISSN 0284-1851, E-ISSN 1600-0455, Vol. 64, no 11, p. 2957-2966Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: As guidelines endorse the use of computed tomography (CT) for examining coronary artery disease (CAD), it is important to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the novel photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) technology with the established energy integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Purpose: To compare the image quality of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the Agatston scores (AS) derived from EID-CT and PCD-CT. Material and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 28 patients underwent clinical calcium score and CCTA scans on an EID-CTand a PCD-CT scanner. CCTA images were qualitatively analyzed by five observers using visual grading characteristics. The correlation and agreement of the AS were assessed using Spearmans rank correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Results: This qualitative analyses demonstrated a high fraction of " good" or "excellent" ratings for the image criteria in both CT systems. The sharpness of the distal lumen and image quality regarding motion artifacts were rated significantly higher for EID-CT (P < 0.05). However, the sharpness of coronary calcification was rated significantly higher for PCD-CT (P < 0.05). Spearmans rank correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed good correlation (P = 0.95) and agreement regarding the AS between EID-CT and PCD-CT. Conclusion: Both CT systems exhibited high CCTA image quality. The sharpness of calcifications was rated significantly higher for PCD-CT. A good correlation was observed between the AS derived from the two systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD , 2023. Vol. 64, no 11, p. 2957-2966
Keywords [en]
Thorax; CT-angiography; arteriosclerosis; image manipulation/reconstruction
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-198299DOI: 10.1177/02841851231199384ISI: 001068766400001PubMedID: 37735891OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-198299DiVA, id: diva2:1802236
Note

Funding: We thank Mats Fredriksson, PhD, Forum Ostergotland, Faculty of Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden, who provided help with the statistics. We are grateful to Bente Konst, PhD, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linkoping University, Linkopi; Forum Ostergotland, Faculty of Medicine, Linkoping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV)

Available from: 2023-10-04 Created: 2023-10-04 Last updated: 2026-02-25
In thesis
1. Assessment of Coronary Arteries with Photon Counting Detector Computed Tomography: Calcium Scoring and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessment of Coronary Arteries with Photon Counting Detector Computed Tomography: Calcium Scoring and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to evaluate patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary artery calcifications (CAC) scoring, of which Agatston score is the most widely used, has been utilized since the 1990s for cardiovascular risk estimation in asymptomatic patients. An AS of 0 strongly correlates with a lack of cardiovascular events over the following 5 years. In stenosis grading, conventional coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has high negative predictive value (NPV) but may overestimate stenosis severity due to limited spatial resolution and blooming artifacts. Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) offers higher spatial resolution, reduced noise, and spectral imaging capabilities that enable virtual monoenergetic images (VMI), virtual non-contrast (VNC), and virtual non-calcium reconstructions, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy.

This thesis aimed to evaluate the reliability, advantages, and limitations of PCD-CT compared with conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. In study I and II the correlation and agreement of Agatston score (AS), was evaluated between the two CT systems. In study II and IV the image quality was compared between the two CT systems. Study III investigated how reconstruction parameters affect different plaque component quantification with PCD-CT using ultra high-resolution mode. In study IV the measured grade of stenosis was compared between EID-CT, PCD-CT, using standard resolution mode (SR), with invasive coronary angiography as golden standard.

Study I used data of cadaveric hearts, study II and IV, were based on clinical patient data, while study III used data of SCAPIS (Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study) study subjects.

The first study showed that the AS, measured on cadaveric hearts, correlated excellently between PCD-CT and EID-CT with high reproducibility, confirming the comparability of the two methods for calcium quantification. The study of AS included in study II confirmed this result. The second study demonstrated that both systems provide high image quality in CCTAs, but that PCD-CT offers sharper calcium delineation as well as lower radiation dose and contrast volume with preserved image quality. The third study showed that in CCTA, reconstruction parameters influence the measured volume of coronary plaques. The fourth study showed that PCD-CT, when using a standard-resolution scan mode, provides diagnostic accuracy equivalent to EID-CT for coronary stenosis assessment, but with superior image quality.

In summary, the thesis demonstrates that PCD-CT provides image quality and quantitative diagnostic results that match or surpass those of conventional CT in the diagnosis of CAD, with potential for improved image sharpness, dose reduction, and more reliable plaque characterization. The studies also highlight the need for careful parameter optimization in CCTA acquisition and reconstruction protocols to improve CAD evaluation as well as segmentation-based plaque analysis tools in PCD-CT.

Abstract [sv]

Datortomografi (DT/CT) används i stor utsträckning för att utvärdera patienter med misstänkt kranskärlssjukdom (CAD). Konventionell kranskärls-DT- angiografi (CCTA) har ett högt negativt prediktivt värde men kan överskatta graden av stenos på grund av begränsad spatial upplösning och så kallade blooming-artefakter. Fotonräknande detektor-CT (PCD-CT) erbjuder högre spatial upplösning, minskat brus och spektrala avbildningsmöjligheter som möjliggör rekonstruktion av virtuella monokromatiska bilder (VMI), virtuella icke-kontrastbilder (VNC) och virtuella icke-kalkbilder, vilket kan förbättra den diagnostiska säkerheten.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att utvärdera tillförlitlighet, fördelar och begränsningar med PCD-CT jämfört med konventionell energi-integrerande detektor-DT (EID-CT) för kranskärlsdiagnostik.

I studie I och II utvärderades korrelation och överensstämmelse av Agatston score (AS), den vanligaste kalciumscore metoden, mellan de två DT-systemen. I studie II och IV jämfördes bildkvalitet mellan systemen. I studie III undersöktes hur rekonstruktionsparametrar påverkar kvantifiering av olika plackkomponenter med PCD-CT i ultrahögupplöst läge (UHR). I studie IV jämfördes graderingen av stenoser mellan EID-CT och PCD-CT, i standardupplösning, med invasiv kranskärlsangiografi som referensmetod. Studie II och IV, kliniska observationsstudier, baserades på kliniska patientdata, medan data från kadaverhjärtan användes i studie I och data från SCAPIS-deltagare i studie III, även dessa studier är observationsstudier. Den första studien visade att AS, uppmätt på kadaverhjärtan, överensstämde utmärkt mellan PCD-CT och EID-CT med hög reproducerbarhet, vilket bekräftar metodernas jämförbarhet för kalcium-scoremätning. Utvärderingen av AS i studie II bekräftade detta resultat. Den andra studien visade att båda systemen ger hög bildkvalitet vid CCTA, men att PCD-CT ger skarpare kalkavgränsning. PCD-CT ger möjlighet att använda lägre stråldos och kontrastmängd. Den tredje studien visade att val av rekonstruktion ”kernel” främst påverkar volymen av icke-förkalkade plackkomponenter, medan snitt tjockleken påverkar volymen av förkalkade plackkomponenter. Den fjärde, jämförande, studien visade att PCD-CT i standardupplösning ger lika hög diagnostisk noggrannhet som EID-CT vid bedömning av kranskärlsstenoser, men med bättre bildkvalitet.

Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingen att PCD-CT ger bildkvalitativa- och kvantitativa resultat som motsvarar eller överträffar konventionell DT vid diagnostik av kranskärlssjukdom, med potential för förbättrad bildskärpa, dosreduktion och mer tillförlitlig plackkarakterisering. Studierna betonar också behovet av noggrant val av parametrar för att förbättra CCTA-protokoll för bildtagning och rekonstruktion samt optimering av segmenteringsbaserade verktyg för plackanalys vid PCD-CT.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 85
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 2010
Keywords
Computed Tomography, Photon Counting Detector CT, Calcium scoring, Agatston Score, Coronary CT Angiography, Stenos grading, Plaque caracterzation
National Category
Radiology and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-221518 (URN)10.3384/9789181183061 (DOI)9789181183054 (ISBN)9789181183061 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-04-17, Belladonna, Building 511, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-02-25 Created: 2026-02-25 Last updated: 2026-02-25Bibliographically approved

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