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Molecular characterization of FOX factors and Wnt signalling interplay in human cancers
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0776-456X
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Wnt/β-catenin signalling, also referred to as canonical Wnt signalling, is a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis and of the differentiation of cells during development. The outcome of canonical Wnt pathway activity is defined by the regulation of target gene transcription, which ultimately determines cell identity and proliferation. How multiple proteins coordinate to modulate Wnt signalling in numerous tissues is an evolving question.

Over the years, FOX transcription factors have been emerging as modulators of Wnt signalling in a variety of tissue and cell-specific contexts. Nevertheless, the function of each FOX protein in the pathway as well as their role in different pathophysiological contexts is an open matter.

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate two FOX family members, FOXB2 and FOXQ1, to uncover their roles in Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Additionally, in the last work, I aimed to investigate how the FOXQ1 oncogene is transcriptionally regulated in cancer.

In the first paper, we uncovered FOXB2 as a new potent activator of Wnt signalling via the induction of agonistic Wnt ligands, particularly WNT7B. In addition, FOXB2 is induced in aggressive prostate cancer where it is associated with a neuroendocrine differentiation program and poor prognosis.

In the second paper, we explored the molecular mechanisms used by the carcinoma oncogene FOXQ1 to drive Wnt signalling activation. Our results showed that FOXQ1 has a major role in tuning the Wnt transcriptional output and, in synergy with active Wnt signalling, converged on a transcriptional program linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration, which has important implications for cancer biology.

In the third paper, we reveal that p53 functions as transcriptional repressor of FOXQ1 in cancers. Loss of p53 is present in the majority of human cancers and, in synergy with activation of Wnt signalling, could boost FOXQ1 expression, thereby affecting the progression of cancer.

Overall, this thesis provides a better understanding of the complexity of Wnt signalling on the molecular level and newly elucidates the function of these two FOX proteins as drivers of oncogenic Wnt pathway activation. Additionally, this new evidence highlights the importance of further in-depth investigation of FOX transcription factors in cancer biology. The relevant role of FOX proteins in the development and progression of cancer is increasingly evident, and in the long run, it will be valuable to characterize the role of FOX factors in a tissue-specific context for the development of targeted cancer therapies.

Abstract [it]

La via di segnalazione di Wnt è una via di trasduzione del segnale che é critica per regolare l’omeostasi dei tessuti e la determinazione del destino cellulare. Il risultato dell´attivazione di Wnt è la trascrizione di specifici geni target che vanno a influenzare la proliferazione e l’identità cellulare. Il meccanismo attraverso cui più proteine orchestrano la via di segnalazione di Wnt in diversi tessuti è una domanda in continua evoluzione.Nel corso degli anni, i fattori di trascrizione FOX sono emersi come regolatori della via di segnalazione di Wnt in una varietà di contesti cellulari specifici. Tuttavia, la funzione e il ruolo di ciascuna delle proteine FOX nella cascata di Wnt e in diversi contesti fisiopatologici rimane una questione aperta.

Lo scopo di questa tesi é di investigare il ruolo dei membri della famiglia FOX, FOXB2 e FOXQ1, nella via di segnalazione canonica di Wnt. Inoltre, nell’ultimo studio, ho mirato a investigare quali proteine sono coinvolte nella regolazione della trascrizione dell’oncogene FOXQ1.

Nella prima pubblicazione, abbiamo scoperto che FOXB2 é un potente attivatore della via di segnalazione di Wnt attraverso l’induzione di ligandi Wnt, in particolare di WNT7B. Inoltre, FOXB2 è indotto nel carcinoma prostatico aggressivo dove si associa ad un programma di differenziazione neuroendocrina e ad una prognosi infausta.

Nella seconda pubblicazione, abbiamo esplorato i meccanismi molecolari mediante i quali l’oncogene FOXQ1 porta all’attivazione della via di segnalazione di Wnt. I nostri risultati hanno dimostrato che FOXQ1 ha un ruolo importante nella trascrizione dei geni target di Wnt e, in sinergia con l´attivazione di della via di segnalazione di Wnt, converge in un programma trascrizionale collegato alla transizione epitelialemesenchimale (EMT) e alla migrazione cellulare, fornendo quindi nuove importanti implicazioni per la tumorigenesi.

Nel terzo manoscritto, riveliamo che la proteina p53 é un repressore della trascrizione di FOXQ1 in diverse linee cellulari tumorali. La perdita di p53 viene rilevata nella maggioranza dei tumori e, insieme ad un´anormale attivazione di Wnt, può portare ad un aumento dei livelli di FOXQ1, influenzando in questo modo la progressione del cancro.

In conclusione, questa tesi fornisce una migliore comprensione della complessità della via di segnalazione di Wnt a livello molecolare, e spiega la funzione di FOXB2 e FOXQ1 come promotori di questa via oncogenica. Inoltre, questi risultati evidenziano l’importanza di ulteriori studi sui fattori di trascrizione FOX. È sempre più evidente il ruolo importante che le proteine FOX hanno nella tumorigenesi e progressione del cancro, e sarà rilevante in futuro la caratterizzazione del ruolo dei fattori FOX nel contesto di tessuti specifici per portare allo sviluppo di terapie antitumorali mirate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. , p. 92
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1872
Keywords [en]
FOX proteins, Wnt signalling, p53, Tumour biology, Transcription factors
Keywords [it]
Proteine FOX, Via di segnalazione Wnt, p53, Biologia dei tumori, Fattori di trascrizione
National Category
Cell Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-199181DOI: 10.3384/9789180753364ISBN: 9789180753357 (print)ISBN: 9789180753364 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-199181DiVA, id: diva2:1811915
Public defence
2023-12-19, Berzeliussalen, Building 463, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-11-14 Created: 2023-11-14 Last updated: 2023-11-14Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Wnt activator FOXB2 drives the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wnt activator FOXB2 drives the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer
2019 (English)In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 116, no 44, p. 22189-22195Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Wnt signaling pathway is of paramount importance for development and disease. However, the tissue-specific regulation of Wnt pathway activity remains incompletely understood. Here we identify FOXB2, an uncharacterized forkhead box family transcription factor, as a potent activator of Wnt signaling in normal and cancer cells. Mechanistically, FOXB2 induces multiple Wnt ligands, including WNT7B, which increases TCF/LEF-dependent transcription without activating Wnt coreceptor LRP6 or beta-catenin. Proximity ligation and functional complementation assays identified several transcription regulators, including YY1, JUN, and DDX5, as cofactors required for FOXB2-dependent pathway activation. Although FOXB2 expression is limited in adults, it is induced in select cancers, particularly advanced prostate cancer. RNA-seq data analysis suggests that FOXB2/WNT7B expression in prostate cancer is associated with a transcriptional program that favors neuronal differentiation and decreases recurrence-free survival. Consistently, FOXB2 controls Wnt signaling and neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that FOXB2 is a tissue-specific Wnt activator that promotes the malignant transformation of prostate cancer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2019
Keywords
FOXB2; Wnt signaling; forkhead; prostate cancer
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162065 (URN)10.1073/pnas.1906484116 (DOI)000493720200039 ()31611391 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2019-11-19 Created: 2019-11-19 Last updated: 2023-11-14
2. The oncogenic transcription factor FOXQ1 is a differential regulator of Wnt target genes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The oncogenic transcription factor FOXQ1 is a differential regulator of Wnt target genes
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Journal of Cell Science, ISSN 0021-9533, E-ISSN 1477-9137, Vol. 135, no 19, article id jcs260082Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The forkhead box transcription factor FOXQ1 contributes to the pathogenesis of carcinomas. In colorectal cancers, FOXQ1 promotes tumour metastasis by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. FOXQ1 may exacerbate cancer by activating the oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. However, the role of FOXQ1 in the Wnt pathway remains to be resolved. Here, we report that FOXQ1 is an activator of Wnt-induced transcription and regulator of beta-catenin target gene expression. Upon Wnt pathway activation, FOXQ1 synergises with the beta-catenin nuclear complex to boost the expression of major Wnt targets. In parallel, we find that FOXQ1 controls the differential expression of various Wnt target genes in a beta-catenin-independent manner. Using RNA sequencing of colorectal cancer cell lines, we show that Wnt signalling and FOXQ1 converge on a transcriptional programme linked to EMT and cell migration. Additionally, we demonstrate that FOXQ1 occupies Wnt-responsive elements in beta-catenin target gene promoters and recruits a similar set of co-factors to the beta-catenin-associated transcription factor Tcf711. Taken together, our results indicate a multifaceted role of FOXQ1 in Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, which may drive the metastasis of colorectal cancers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2022
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; Forkhead box; Gene expression; Proteomics; Wnt signalling
National Category
Cell Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189563 (URN)10.1242/jcs.260082 (DOI)000877164900003 ()36124643 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85139409180 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Research Council, 2020-01084Swedish Cancer Society, 20 0737 Pj 01 HSwedish Cancer Society, CAN 2018/542Linköpings universitet
Note

Funding: Knut och AliceWallenbergs Stiftelse; Vetenskapsradet [2020-01084]; Cancerfonden [0737 Pj 01, CAN 2018/542]; Linkopings Universitet

Available from: 2022-10-26 Created: 2022-10-26 Last updated: 2023-11-14Bibliographically approved

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