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Parkinson’s Disease and Communication: Intelligibility, Interaction and Participation
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Sensory Organs and Communication. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4782-2373
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting dopamine production in the basal ganglia. It is a common cause of disability among elderly people. The main symptoms are tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, but there is a substantial individual variation of how the disease manifests itself. Communicative changes occur frequently and motor speech impairment in the form of dysarthria is common. Other communicative abilities, such as language functions and the use of body gestures, may also be affected.  

Traditionally, the focus for research and clinical assessments and interventions in the context of communicative changes in Parkinson’s disease has mainly been on speech and voice impairment. However, the impact on communication is multi-faceted, and different factors may affect the ability to make oneself understood and participate in conversations. Conversation is also a collaborative activity, where all participants’ contributions would need to be considered. Although there is a growing body of research on communicative impact in Parkinson’s disease, these aspects have, so far, been less studied.   

In the present thesis, communicative changes in Parkinson’s disease were explored with a focus on speech intelligibility, interaction in conversations, and communicative participation.

In study I, qualitative interviews with dyads consisting of a person with Parkinson’s disease and a close communication partner revealed individual variation in experiences of communicative changes. The results indicated multi-factorial disease-related impact on everyday communication and communicative participation. A change noted in almost all dyads was that the partner with Parkinson’s disease participated less in conversations. In study II, listener ratings of connected speech intelligibility showed both inter- and intra-speaker variability between different types of assessment tasks, indicating that di-verse factors may influence intelligibility for individual speakers. Listener knowledge of context significantly increased intelligibility scores. Acoustic analyses of consonant articulation in study III indicated that some measures may be more sensitive for detecting impact on speech and intelligibility for speakers with Parkinson’s disease, while other aspects of articulation may be demanding in terms of acoustic realisation also for healthy elderly speakers. Visual examination of spectrograms may provide qualitative information about speech production in relation to intelligibility. Paper IV reports a pilot trial of dyadic intervention from a self-management perspective. Qualitative exploratory interviews and video recordings of the dyads’ joint conversations formed the basis for the intervention. At follow-up, the participating dyads reported increased communicative awareness and changes in mind-set but minor changes of communicative behaviours.  

The results from the included studies contribute to the understanding of the complexity and individual variability of possible communicative impact in Parkinson’s disease and support a holistic perspective on communication. The thesis demonstrates that it is necessary to apply multiple methods in assessment for achieving in-depth knowledge of how Parkinson’s disease impacts on speech intelligibility and everyday communication, to optimally tailor communication interventions to the individuals’ needs. This should also include insights in the communicative habits and experiences of persons with Parkinson’s disease and their close communication partners. 

Abstract [sv]

Parkinsons sjukdom är en neurologisk sjukdom som ger bland annat rörelsestörningar. Det är en vanlig orsak till funktionsnedsättning hos äldre personer. Det finns en stor individuell variation i hur sjukdomen yttrar sig. Förändringar av kommunikativa förmågor uppkommer ofta och motorisk talpåverkan, så kallad dysartri, är vanligt. Vid Parkinsons sjukdom kan det bland annat innebära svag röststyrka och/eller otydlig artikulation. Andra kommunikationsförmågor, såsom att få fram orden och formulera yttranden eller använda kroppsspråk, kan också påverkas.  

Traditionellt har forskning samt kliniska undersöknings- och behandlingsmetoder gällande kommunikativa förändringar vid Parkinsons sjukdom i huvudsak varit inriktade på tal- och röststörningar. Kommunikationsförmågan kan dock påverkas på olika sätt och många faktorer kan bidra till förmågan att göra sig förstådd och delta i samtal. Dessutom är samtal en aktivitet som bygger på samarbete, där samtliga deltagare bidrar och behöver anpassa sig till varandra. Även om det vetenskapliga underlaget gällande kommunikativ påverkan vid Parkinsons sjukdom växer, så har påverkan på interaktion och delaktighet i vardagliga samtal hittills undersökts i mindre omfattning.  

I föreliggande avhandling undersöktes förändringar av tal och kommunikation vid Parkinsons sjukdom med fokus på talets förståelighet, interaktion i samtal och kommunikativ delaktighet.  

I delstudie I genomfördes intervjuer med par bestående av en person med Parkinsons sjukdom och en närstående kommunikationspartner. I intervjuerna framkom en individuell variation gällande erfarenheter av kommunikativa förändringar. Resultaten visade också att många olika faktorer kan inverka på vardaglig kommunikation och delaktighet i samtal. En förändring som noterats i så gott som alla par var att partnern med Parkinson sjukdom minskat sitt deltagande i samtal.   

I delstudie II visade lyssnarbedömning av talets förståelighet individuellt varierande resultat beroende på undersökningsuppgift. Detta visade att skilda faktorer kan ge individuellt olika påverkan på förståeligheten. Förståeligheten ökade signifikant när lyssnare gavs information om samtalsämnet.   

Analyser av talets ljudegenskaper (akustisk analys) i delstudie III indikerade att en del akustiska mått kan vara känsligare för att påvisa inverkan på tal och förståelighet för talare med Parkinsons sjukdom, medan en del undersökningsuppgifter kan visa varierande resultat även för friska äldre personer.

I delstudie IV rapporteras en pilotstudie av parbehandling, som var inriktad på att paren själva ska kunna utveckla verktyg för att kunna göra anpassningar av sina samtal utifrån kommunikationsförändringar och sina behov. Behandlingen baserades på intervjuer och videoinspelningar av parens gemensamma samtal. Vid uppföljning rapporterade paren en ökad kommunikativ medvetenhet och förändrad attityd, även om förändringarna av kommunikativa beteenden var små.  

De ingående delstudierna påvisar komplexiteten och den individuella variationen gällande kommunikativ påverkan vid Parkinsons sjukdom. För att kunna skräddarsy insatser, så behövs en djupare förståelse för hur Parkinsons sjukdom inverkar på talets förståelighet och vardaglig kommunikation för enskilda individer och deras närstående. Avhandlingen visar att det är nödvändigt att använda sig av olika slags metoder vid kartläggning och bedömning av kommunikativa förändringar, så att insatser kan planeras ur ett helhetsperspektiv.    

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. , p. 73
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1896
Keywords [en]
Parkinson’s disease, Intelligibility, Speech acoustics, Interaction, Communicative participation, Communication partner
National Category
Communication Studies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201791DOI: 10.3384/9789180755177ISBN: 9789180755160 (print)ISBN: 9789180755177 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-201791DiVA, id: diva2:1846279
Public defence
2024-04-26, Belladonna, building 511, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-03-22 Created: 2024-03-22 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Patients’ and communication partners’ experiences of communicative changes in Parkinson’s disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patients’ and communication partners’ experiences of communicative changes in Parkinson’s disease
2020 (English)In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 42, no 13, p. 1835-1843Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease and their close communication partners regarding disease-related communicative changes and participation in everyday conversations.

Materials and methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with six dyads consisting of a person with Parkinson’s disease and a close communication partner. The interview material was analysed through thematic analysis.

Results: The main theme was the experiences of barriers and facilitators for participation in conversations. Subthemes were experiences related to changes in voice and articulation, language and cognition, body language and facial expressions, fatigue, self-image, communicative initiative, and familiarity with conversation partner. The results show individual variation. A change observed in almost all dyads was the person with Parkinson’s disease participating less in conversations.

Conclusions: Assessment and interventions should be based on a broad perspective on communication, and individuals’ priorities should be foregrounded in intervention planning. Both the person with Parkinson’s disease and communication partners need to make adjustments for communication to work. Therefore, close communication partners should be included in assessment and intervention of communicationin Parkinson’s disease from an early stage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2020
Keywords
Communication; participation; dysarthria; Parkinson’s disease; experiences; communication partner
National Category
Other Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155068 (URN)10.1080/09638288.2018.1539875 (DOI)000547411200007 ()30669899 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85060575229 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies:  Foundation for Parkinson Research at Linkoping University

Available from: 2019-03-12 Created: 2019-03-12 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
2. Picture description in the assessment of connected speech intelligibility in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Picture description in the assessment of connected speech intelligibility in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study
2022 (English)In: Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, ISSN 1021-7762, E-ISSN 1421-9972, Vol. 74, no 5, p. 320-334Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Assessment of intelligibility in dysarthria tends to rely on oral reading of sentences or words. However, self-generated utterances are closer to a clients’ natural speech. This study investigated how transcription of utterances elicited by picture description can be used in the assessment of intelligibility in speakers with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods: Speech samples from eleven speakers with Parkinson’s disease and six neurologically healthy persons were audio-recorded. Forty-two naive listeners completed transcriptions of self-generated sentences from a picture description task and orally read sentences from the Swedish Test of Intelligibility, as well as scaled ratings of narrative speech samples.

Results:  Intelligibility was higher in orally read than self-generated sentences and higher for content words than for the whole sentence in self-generated sentences for most of the speakers, although these within-group differences were not statistically significant at group level. Adding contextual leads for the listeners increased intelligibility in self-generated utterances significantly, but with individual variation. Although correlations between the intelligibility measures were at least moderate or strong, there was a considerable inter- and intra-speaker variability in intelligibility scores between tasks for the speakers with Parkinson’s disease, indicating individual variation of factors that impact intelligibility. Intelligibility scores from neurologically healthy speakers were generally high across tasks with no significant differences between the conditions.

Conclusion: Within-speaker variability supports literature recommendations to use multiple methods and tasks when assessing intelligibility. The inclusion of transcription of self-generated utterances elicited by picture description to the intelligibility assessment has the potential to provide additional information to assessment methods based on oral reading of pre-scripted sentences and to inform the planning of interventions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger, 2022
Keywords
Dysarthria, Parkinson's disease, Intelligibility, Assessment, Picture description
National Category
Other Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184445 (URN)10.1159/000521906 (DOI)000858679900002 ()35021169 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding: Foundation for Parkinsons Research at Linkoping University [LiU 2015-00194]; Regional Council of Ostergotland [LiO 620581]; Swedish Parkinson Foundation [1076/18]

Available from: 2022-04-21 Created: 2022-04-21 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
3. Consonant articulation acoustics and intelligibility in Swedish speakers with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Consonant articulation acoustics and intelligibility in Swedish speakers with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study
2023 (English)In: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, ISSN 0269-9206, E-ISSN 1464-5076, Vol. 37, no 9, p. 845-865Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Imprecise consonant articulation is common in speakers with Parkinson’s disease and can affect intelligibility. The research on the relationship between acoustic speech measures and intelligibility in Parkinson’s disease is limited, and most of the research has been conducted on English. This pilot study investigated aspects of consonant articulation acoustics in eleven Swedish speakers with Parkinson’s disease and six neurologically healthy persons. The focus of the study was on consonant cluster production, articulatory motion rate and variation, and voice onset time, and how these acoustic features correlate with speech intelligibility. Among the measures in the present study, typicality ratings of heterorganic consonant clusters /spr/ and /skr/ had the strongest correlations with intelligibility. Measures based on syllable repetition, such as repetition rate and voice onset time, showed varying results with weak to moderate correlations with intelligibility. One conclusion is that some acoustic measures may be more sensitive than others to the impact of the underlying sensory-motor impairment and dysarthria on speech production and intelligibility in speakers with Parkinson’s disease. Some aspects of articulation appear to be equally demanding in terms of acoustic realization for elderly healthy speakers and for speakers with Parkinson’s disease, such as sequential motion rate measures. Clinically, this would imply that for the purpose of detecting signs of disordered speech motor control, choosing measures with less variation among older speakers without articulation impairment would lead to more robust results. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2023
Keywords
Dysarthria, Parkinson’s disease, Speech acoustics, Intelligibility
National Category
Other Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187255 (URN)10.1080/02699206.2022.2095926 (DOI)000825438200001 ()35833475 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding: Foundation for Parkinson Research at Linkoping University [LiU 2015-00194]; Region Ostergotland [LiO 620581]; Swedish Parkinson Foundation [1076/18]

Available from: 2022-08-16 Created: 2022-08-16 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved

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