liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Printable Carbon-Based Thermogalvanic Cells
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7783-6816
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2930-676X
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8845-6296
Show others and affiliations
2025 (English)In: Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research, E-ISSN 2699-9412, Vol. 6, no 8, article id 2400428Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Thermogalvanic cells (TGCs) can convert low-grade heat directly into electricity through reversible redox reactions induced by temperature gradient. As a unique member of the thermoelectric device family, TGCs provide advantages such as cost-effective and sustainable materials, a relatively high Seebeck coefficient, and the ability to generate continuous output power. To date, the challenge toward commercializing TGCs lies in developing functional electrode materials that can be produced on a large scale. Herein, the performance of printable activated carbon (AC) as the electrode in TGC is investigated. The multilayer printing of the AC electrodes provides increasing capacitance and improves the maximum output power of the TGC. This is mainly due to the decrease in the device's total resistance thanks to the large surface area of thick AC electrodes. The advanced understanding of the interface between the printed electrode and electrolyte paves the road toward printable and sustainable TGC.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY , 2025. Vol. 6, no 8, article id 2400428
Keywords [en]
activated carbon; electron transfer; energy harvesting; printed electrodes; redox electrolytes; sustainability; thermogalvanic cells
National Category
Other Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212348DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202400428ISI: 001434055400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85218794843OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-212348DiVA, id: diva2:1946111
Note

Funding Agencies|EU Commission under the project Metatherm [101058284]; Swedish Research Council [2024-04196, 2020-04210]; AForsk Foundation; Advanced Functional Materials Center at Linkoeping University

Available from: 2025-03-20 Created: 2025-03-20 Last updated: 2026-08-26
In thesis
1. Development of Novel Thermogalvanic Devices for Energy Harvesting
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of Novel Thermogalvanic Devices for Energy Harvesting
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The energy matrix corresponds to all sources of energy necessary to supply electricity, heat, and fuel for industrial and human activities. It is fundamental for the economic development of a country or region and highly impacts on sustainability, as it is related to available resources, energetic efficiency, and potential environmental impact of each source (fossil fuels, wind, solar, biofuels). The world’s energy matrix should be diversified and depend as little as possible on fossil fuels, to guarantee energy security, reduce emissions and promote sustainability.

A sustainable energetic society also depends on finding ways of storing the energy safely and efficiently and searching for alternative ways of harvesting energy. Thermoelectric devices are attractive because they can directly convert a heat flux into electricity due to the so-called Seebeck effect. Thermoelectric generators that convert low-grade waste heat (typically below 100°C) into electricity are of particular interest, because such heat sources are easily available on Earth, from data centres, industry, solar radiation, and the human body.

Thermogalvanic cells (TGCs) are unique thermal energy harvesters that can be operated at room temperature, suitable for low-grade heat harvesting. They typically have relatively high Seebeck coefficient values and can generate continuous power output under temperature gradient. This thesis’ purpose was to develop novel thermogalvanic cells towards practical applications, including improving Seebeck coefficient and power output, and establishing manufacture protypes for thermogalvanic modules.

The works presented in this PhD thesis consist in (i) the understanding and improving the functioning of activated carbon electrodes in a potassium ferro/ferricyanide based thermogalvanic cell. (ii) Large scale manufacturing of fully printed thermogalvanic modules. (iii) Investigating the impact of polyelectrolyte on improving the Seebeck coefficient, power output and charge transfer in TGCs. (iv) Proposing a TGC based on non-volatile organic electrolyte based on copper and TEMPO active redox species. (v) Developing a redox reaction enabled ionic thermoelectric generator, with constant power generation and high thermovoltage.

Abstract [sv]

Energimatrisen omfattar alla energikällor som krävs för att tillhandahålla elektricitet, värme och bränsle för industriella och mänskliga aktiviteter. Den utgör en grundläggande förutsättning för den ekonomiska utvecklingen i ett land eller en region och har stor betydelse för hållbarheten, eftersom den är kopplad till tillgängliga resurser, energieffektivitet och den potentiella miljöpåverkan från varje energikälla (fossila bränslen, vind, sol, biobränslen). En global energimatrix bör vara diversifierad och så oberoende av fossila bränslen som möjligt för att säkerställa energitrygghet, minska utsläpp och främja hållbar utveckling.

Ett hållbart energisamhälle är också beroende av att hitta sätt att lagra energi på ett säkert och effektivt sätt samt att söka alternativa metoder för energiutvinning. Termoelektriska enheter är attraktiva eftersom de direkt kan omvandla ett värmeflöde till elektricitet genom den så kallade Seebeckeffekten. Särskilt intressanta är termoelektriska generatorer som omvandlar låggradig spillvärme (vanligen under 100°C) till elektricitet, eftersom sådana värmekällor är lättillgängliga på jorden, exempelvis från datacenter, industriella processer, solstrålning och människokroppen.

Termogalvaniska celler (TGC) är unika system för utvinning av termisk energi som kan drivas vid rumstemperatur och lämpar sig väl för att ta tillvara låggradig värme. De har vanligtvis relativt höga värden på Seebeckkoefficienten och kan generera en kontinuerlig uteffekt när de utsätts för en temperaturgradient. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utveckla nya termogalvaniska celler för praktiska tillämpningar, inklusive att förbättra Seebeckkoefficienten och effektuttaget samt att etablera tillverkningsprototyper för termogalvaniska moduler.

Arbetet som presenteras i denna doktorsavhandling omfattar: (i) förståelse och förbättring av aktiverade kolelektroders funktion i termogalvaniska celler baserade på kalium ferro-/ferricyanid, (ii) storskalig tillverkning av fullt tryckta termogalvaniska moduler, (iii) undersökning av polyelektrolyters inverkan på Seebeck-koefficient, effektutgång och laddningstransport i TGCs, (iv) utveckling av en TGC baserad på en icke-flyktig organisk elektrolyt med koppar- och TEMPO-baserade redoxaktiva arter, samt (v) framtagning av en jonisk termoelektrisk generator möjliggjord av redoxreaktioner, med konstant effektgenerering och hög termospänning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 90
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2537
Keywords
Energy harvesting, Thermogalvanic cells, Ionic thermoelectric generators, Thermogalvanic modules, Electrochemistry, Sustainability, Energiutvinning, Termogalvaniska celler, Joniska termoelektriska generatorer, Termogalvaniska moduler, Elektrokemi, Hållbarhet
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-227126 (URN)10.3384/9789181186383 (DOI)9789181186376 (ISBN)9789181186383 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-10-15, K4, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-08-26 Created: 2026-08-26 Last updated: 2026-08-26Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(1562 kB)156 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 1562 kBChecksum SHA-512
c0c096dea599072568bfa4b3878dc9644b2079eef14c9119ee9654e830b3b3db0b98d6125768722493566b519334bd1b868cad2ec5ff480885237a23f04888b0
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Ail, UjwalaZhao, Dan

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Candiotto de Oliveira, PedroAil, UjwalaKhan, ZiaCrispin, ReverantZhao, Dan
By organisation
Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsFaculty of Science & Engineering
In the same journal
Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research
Other Chemical Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 157 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 133 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf