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Understanding and Addressing the Performance Asymmetry Issue in Semitransparent Laminated Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Epishine AB, Attorpsgatan 2, S-58273 Linköping, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5327-609X
Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Germany; Univ Freiburg, Germany.
Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Switzerland.
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2025 (English)In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 35, no 47, article id 2502951Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) offer a promising solution for indoor energy harvesting. However, fundamental investigations to understand and optimize industrial processes such as roll-to-roll lamination for upscaling remain limited. This study investigates a critical failure mode in the upscaling of OPVs. One major challenge for thick semitransparent laminated OPV devices is current-voltage (J-V) asymmetry, where performance under cathode-side illumination exceeds that under anode-side illumination. X-ray reflectivity, neutron reflectivity, and drift-diffusion simulations reveal that a vertically stratified polymer-rich region within the bulk of photoactive layers is the main cause of asymmetric J-V characteristics. Based on this fundamental understanding, a model is proposed to explain the mechanism, wherein electron extraction is hindered by the polymer-rich region during anode illumination. By exploring upscaling-compatible blends, cathode/anode-balanced, high-performing, and air-stable semitransparent laminated OPVs are developed for indoor applications using commercially available PV-X-plus material. These findings provide valuable guidance for designing OPVs with balanced performance, facilitating roll-to-roll adoption and commercialization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH , 2025. Vol. 35, no 47, article id 2502951
Keywords [en]
indoor photovoltaics; lamination; organic photovoltaics; reflectivity; semitransparency; solution processing; vertical stratification
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URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-215367DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202502951ISI: 001507616000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105008199620OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-215367DiVA, id: diva2:1975359
Note

Funding Agencies|Vetenskapsrdet [ID20-0105]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [PH2022-0029]; Royal Academy of Sciences Physics grant [2019-04837_VR]; Swedish Research Council, VR

Available from: 2025-06-24 Created: 2025-06-24 Last updated: 2026-02-03Bibliographically approved

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Beket, GulzadaZubayer, AntonBairagi, SamiranJain, NakulJärrendahl, KennethEriksson, FredrikInganäs, OlleGao, Feng

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