A Photo-Patternable Solid-State Electrolyte for High-Performance, Miniaturized, and Implantable Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Based Circuits Show others and affiliations
2025 (English) In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 37, no 44, article id e09314Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are crucial for next-generation (bio-)electronic devices but are often constrained by the use of aqueous electrolytes, which introduce crosstalk, hinder miniaturization, and limit circuit integration. Here, a photo-patternable solid-state electrolyte based on iota-carrageenan (iota-CGN) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is presented, enabling high-performance OECTs and complementary circuits. The iota-CGN electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity (>10 mS cm(-1)), comparable to a 0.1 m NaCl aqueous electrolyte, while supporting precise patterning down to 15 mu m, fast transient response times, minimal hysteresis, and excellent stability in both p- and n-type OECTs. Compact solid-state NAND/NOR gates (500 x 800 mu m(2)), 4-input NAND gates (1600 x 800 mu m(2), 8 OECTs), and half-adders (2 x 1 mm(2), 18 OECTs) are demonstrated, all exhibiting correct logic functions and low-voltage operation. To highlight its potential for implantable bioelectronics, solid-state spiking circuits, monolithically integrated with flexible cuff electrodes, are developed for vagus nerve stimulation in mice. These findings establish iota-CGN-based solid-state electrolytes as a promising platform for scalable, implantable circuits, paving the way for next-generation bioelectronic devices.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH , 2025. Vol. 37, no 44, article id e09314
Keywords [en]
implantable bioelectronics; integrated complementary logic circuits; organic electrochemical transistors; photo-patternable solid-state electrolyte
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-217498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202509314 ISI: 001556100900001 PubMedID: 40845361 Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013867275 OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-217498 DiVA, id: diva2:1996443
Note Funding Agencies|Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
2025-09-092025-09-092026-02-03 Bibliographically approved