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Preschool Children with Speech and Language Disorders: Everyday Communication and Speech-Language Pathology Services in Sweden
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Sensory Organs and Communication. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0686-7425
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Children with Speech, Language and Communication Needs (SLCN) constitute a broad and diverse group. In this thesis, the term is used to refer to children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) or phonologically based Speech Sound Disorder (SSD), as these conditions fall within the scope of the included studies.

Children with SLCN often face challenges in everyday life due to their difficulties, for example in terms of a negative impact on their interaction with peers. Accordingly, improved everyday communication and social inclusion are commonly reported by caregivers as primary goals for treatment outcomes. Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) have also emphasised that it is important that their services target abilities relevant to the children’s daily communication. However, SLPs in Sweden traditionally meet children with SLCN in clinical settings within the healthcare system, rather than in the children’s everyday environments. Thus, SLPs often have limited direct access to children’s everyday abilities and challenges, and must therefore rely on other sources to obtain this information. Video recordings from home environments may offer an efficient means of accessing such information. While video recordings are currently used within certain parental programs in Swedish SLP services, their use outside of these programs remains largely unexplored.

The overarching aim of this thesis is to advance knowledge about SLP services provided to preschool children with SLCN in Sweden, with a focus on how these services align with the children’s everyday lives. Furthermore, the thesis seeks to contribute insights into the use of video recordings as part of clinical service delivery. The thesis comprises four studies, each addressing this aim from different perspectives.

Study I was an investigation of how SLPs in Sweden align their clinical practices to the everyday language and communication abilities of children with (D)LD, and their use of video recordings as part of clinical practices. A web-based questionnaire was answered by 163 SLPs. The findings suggested that information about children's everyday abilities was primarily collected through caregiver reports and observations of the children at the clinic. The use of video recordings for clinical purposes was very limited.

In Study II, the aim was to extend current knowledge about possibilities and challenges encountered by Swedish SLPs in targeting aspects of everyday language and communication in children with DLD. Unstructured focus-group discussions were conducted with a total of 15 SLPs participating. The results demonstrated that the SLPs viewed themselves as detached from the children’s everyday context. Collaboration with caregivers and (pre)school staff was emphasised for aligning services with children’s everyday life. However, the SLPs often experienced a gap between different stakeholders, and this was a challenge for providing the most appropriate care. The services that the SLPs could offer were largely regulated by local routines, and children requiring more extensive care were sometimes disfavoured by these routines.

Study III was an exploration of how a treatment approach using video recordings from children’s home environment might supplement regular SLP treatment for preschool children with SLCN. Four children and their caregivers first received regular treatment at their SLP clinic, followed by a new video-based treatment approach. The video-based treatment invited the caregivers to reflect on their child’s language use and positioned them as experts on their child. The video recordings provided the SLP with insights into the child’s everyday abilities and served as a foundation for caregiver coaching and collaborative discussions based on real-life situations.

In Study IV the aim was to investigate how the video-based treatment, explored in Study III, was perceived by caregivers to children with SLCN, in relation to regular SLP treatment. The caregivers were interviewed at three occasions during the treatment process. The videobased approach was described to enhance caregivers’ sense of involvement, although the role of the SLP as an expert remained central. Caregivers appreciated the concrete methods used in regular treatment but found the video recordings helpful in aligning support with the children’s everyday abilities. Video-based coaching was perceived as more tangible than regular treatment, due to its grounding in real-life situations, but newly introduced practices were difficult to sustain.

The main findings of this thesis suggest that the alignment of SLP services in Sweden with the everyday lives of children with SLCN largely depends on the abilities and circumstances of the children’s caregivers. Although video recordings are rarely used routinely in clinical practice, they hold significant potential to provide SLPs with important insights into children’s everyday abilities and to serve as a foundation for caregiver coaching based on real-life situations. Integrating video from children’s home environments into existing SLP routines could thus be a simple way to enhance the alignment of the services with the daily lives of children with SLCN and their families.

Abstract [sv]

Barn med tal-, språk- och kommunikationssvårigheter (på engelska Speech, Language and Communication Needs, SLCN) utgör en bred och varierad grupp. I den här avhandlingen används begreppet som en övergripande term för barn med utvecklingsrelaterad språkstörning samt barn med fonologisk språkstörning, eftersom det är dessa barn som står i centrum för avhandlingen.

Barn med SLCN möter ofta utmaningar i vardagen, till exempel genom svårigheter i samspelet med jämnåriga. För många vårdnadshavare är förbättrad vardagskommunikation och ökad social delaktighet de viktigaste målen med logopedbehandling. Även logopeder betonar vikten av att insatserna ger effekt på färdigheter som är relevanta i barnets vardag. I Sverige träffar logopeder traditionellt förskolebarn med SLCN i kliniska miljöer inom hälso- och sjukvården, snarare än i barnets vardagsmiljö. Därmed saknar logopederna direkt tillgång till barnets vardagliga förmågor och utmaningar och behöver andra källor för att få information om detta. Videoinspelningar från hemmiljön kan vara ett effektivt sätt att få insyn i barnets vardag och används redan inom vissa föräldraprogram i svensk logopedisk verksamhet. Användningen utanför dessa program är dock fortfarande i stor utsträckning outforskad.

Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att öka kunskapen om logopediska insatser för förskolebarn med SLCN i Sverige, med fokus på hur dessa insatser relaterar till barnens vardagsliv. Avhandlingen syftar även till att bidra med insikter om användningen av videoinspelningar som en del av de logopediska insatserna. Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudier som belyser syftet ur olika perspektiv.

I Studie I undersöktes hur logopeder i Sverige arbetar för att koppla de insatser de erbjuder förskolebarn med språkstörning till barnens vardagliga språk- och kommunikationsförmågor, samt logopeders användning av videoinspelningar som del i det kliniska arbetet. En webbaserad enkät besvarades av 163 logopeder. Resultaten visade att information om barnens vardagliga förmågor främst samlades in genom beskrivningar av vårdnadshavare och observation av barnen på kliniken. Användningen av videoinspelningar i kliniskt syfte var mycket begränsad.

I Studie II var syftet att utöka kunskapen om de möjligheter och utmaningar som svenska logopeder möter i arbetet med barn med språkstörning, i relation till att rikta insatserna mot barnens vardagliga språk och kommunikation. Ostrukturerade fokusgruppsdiskussioner genomfördes med totalt 15 deltagande logopeder. Resultaten visade att logopederna uppfattade sig som avskilda från barnens vardagskontext. Samarbete med vårdnadshavare och personal i (för)skola beskrevs som centralt för att koppla de logopediska insatserna till barnens vardagsliv. Samtidigt upplevde logopederna ofta ett glapp mellan de olika aktörerna vilket utgjorde en utmaning för att kunna erbjuda ändamålsenlig vård. De insatser som logopederna kunde erbjuda styrdes i stor utsträckning av organisatoriska rutiner, och barn med mer omfattande behov missgynnades ibland av sådana strukturer.

I Studie III utforskades hur ett behandlingsupplägg med videoinspelningar från barnets hemmiljö kan komplettera ordinarie logopedisk behandling för förskolebarn med SLCN. Fyra barn och deras vårdnadshavare fick först reguljär behandling på sin logopedmottagning, följt av ett nytt videobaserat behandlingsupplägg. Den videobaserade behandlingen uppmuntrade vårdnadshavarna att reflektera över sitt barns språkanvändning och positionerade dem som experter på sitt barn. Videoinspelningarna gav logopeden insyn i barnets vardagliga förmågor och utgjorde även en grund för handledning och samtal med vårdnadshavare, baserat på verkliga situationer.

Fokus för Studie IV var att undersöka hur den videobaserade behandlingen som utforskades i Studie III, upplevdes av vårdnadshavare till barn med SLCN, i relation till reguljär logopedisk behandling. Vårdnadshavarna intervjuades vid tre tillfällen under behandlingsprocessen. Det videobaserade upplägget beskrevs öka vårdnadshavarnas känsla av delaktighet, även om logopedens roll som expert förblev central. Vårdnadshavarna uppskattade de konkreta arbetssätten i den reguljära behandlingen, men upplevde att videoinspelningarna hjälpte till att bättre anpassa stödet till barnens vardagliga förmågor. Den videobaserad handledningen upplevdes som mer konkret, då den var förankrad i verkliga situationer, men nya arbetssätt och strategier var svåra att upprätthålla över tid.

Resultaten i denna avhandling visar att kopplingen mellan logopediska insatser för förskolebarn med SLCN och barnens vardagliga förmågor och behov i hög grad beror på vårdnadshavares förmågor och förutsättningar. Vidare används videoinspelningar sällan i klinisk praktik utanför föräldraprogram. Avhandlingens resultat visar dock att videoinspelningar från barnets vardag har potential att ge logopeder värdefull information om barns vardagliga färdigheter. De kan också utgöra en utgångspunkt för behandling genom att fungera som grund för handledning av vårdnadshavare utifrån verkliga vardagssituationer. Att använda videoinspelningar från barnens vardag kan därför vara ett relativt enkelt sätt att ytterligare anpassa insatserna efter varje barns och familjs förmågor och livssituation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. , p. 73
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 2009
Keywords [en]
Caregiver, Conversation analysis, Developmental language disorder, Ecological validity, Intervention, Parents, Speech, Language and communication needs, Speech sound disorder, Treatment, Video
National Category
Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-219351DOI: 10.3384/9789181182941ISBN: 9789181182934 (print)ISBN: 9789181182941 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-219351DiVA, id: diva2:2012596
Public defence
2025-12-11, Belladonna, Building 511, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-11-10 Created: 2025-11-10 Last updated: 2025-11-10Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Clinical practices in Swedish speech-language pathology for children with (developmental) language disorder: A survey of alignment to everyday language and communication skills and of the use of video recordings
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Clinical practices in Swedish speech-language pathology for children with (developmental) language disorder: A survey of alignment to everyday language and communication skills and of the use of video recordings
2025 (English)In: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, ISSN 0269-9206, E-ISSN 1464-5076, Vol. 39, no 3, p. 293-308Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In Sweden, treatment for children with (developmental) language disorder ((D)LD) is traditionally carried out at a speech-language pathology (SLP) clinic, and based on formal language tests, which may not entirely represent the child's everyday language and communication skills. SLP services that include video recordings have shown positive outcomes in terms of providing information about children's linguistic and communicative abilities in everyday life, but little is known about the use of video in clinical practice. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate how Swedish SLPs link their clinical practices (assessment, treatment, and evaluation of treatment outcome) to the everyday language and communication abilities of children with (D)LD. A further aim is to explore SLPs' utilisation of video recordings as a part of their clinical practices with the target group. A web-based questionnaire was distributed to SLPs in Sweden, who work with children with (D)LD. Results demonstrate that Swedish SLPs perceive that their intervention is in alignment with children's everyday language and communication needs to a fairly high degree. However, an exception is assessment, which is considered to have a weaker alignment with children's everyday communication abilities. The use of video recordings for clinical purposes is very limited. It is suggested here that incorporating video recordings from children's everyday life would be an easy and time-efficient way to strengthen the ecological validity of SLP practices for children with (D)LD.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2025
Keywords
Language disorder; speech-language pathology practices; developmental language disorder; video; ecological validity
National Category
Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206399 (URN)10.1080/02699206.2024.2373843 (DOI)001262187100001 ()38961807 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Ethical Review Authority [Etikproevningsmyndigheten] [Dnr 2020-07156]

Available from: 2024-08-19 Created: 2024-08-19 Last updated: 2025-11-10
2. Swedish speech and language pathologists reflect on how their clinical practises align to everyday language and communication skills of children with developmental language disorder
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish speech and language pathologists reflect on how their clinical practises align to everyday language and communication skills of children with developmental language disorder
2025 (English)In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology, ISSN 1401-5439, E-ISSN 1651-2022, Vol. 50, no 2, p. 75-83Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study aims to extend current knowledge about the possibilities and challenges encountered by Swedish speech and language pathologists (SLPs) in targeting everyday language and communication in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). To explore this matter, unstructured focus groups were conducted where 15 SLPs, working with children with DLD, shared their views on the alignment between their clinical practices and children's everyday lives. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, which resulted in five themes: It's everyday life that matters; As an SLP, you're not a part of the child's everyday life; How do we merge the different worlds?; Resources at home vary, and The employer sets the framework for clinical practices. The SLPs stressed the importance of targeting everyday skills and needs, but they experienced themselves as being detached from the children's daily context. Collaboration with caregivers and (pre)school staff was emphasised; however, the resources and capacity of the caregivers and staff varied, and this was experienced as a challenge for providing the most appropriate care. Some children and their families were situated in a multifaceted context and needed more extensive care, and this group was described as increasing. However, the services that the SLPs were able to offer varied and were largely regulated by organisational constraints. Individualised services are crucial for ensuring a positive development for children with DLD and for empowering caregivers to be effective collaborative partners in intervention. Therefore, it is essential for SLPs to have the time and resources to ensure high-quality care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2025
Keywords
Developmental language disorder; speech and language pathology services; children; ecological validity
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206597 (URN)10.1080/14015439.2024.2371284 (DOI)001259270100001 ()38949090 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85197645644 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Majblommans Riksforbund; Stiftelsen Sunnerdahls Handikappfond

Available from: 2024-08-21 Created: 2024-08-21 Last updated: 2025-11-10

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