Clinical practice, health care provision, and medical research cannot be performed without the help of medical technologies, from neonatal technologies to technologies of aging and terminal care. Many are the results of recent technoscientific innovations in molecular biology or computer science, or of combinations of biotechnology and information technology, including Big Data and machine learning. They are used for maintaining and modifying bodies with the help of machines, pills, devices, and “foreign” tissues and organs; representing and visualizing bodies; and for reproductive purposes. Medical technologies circulate in an international “technoscape” of pharmaceuticals, devices, machines, procedures, and understandings. They alter local practices, cultures, and institutional structures but are also adapted and modified to function in specific health care situations. Their use raises issues of inequality in access to care, of patient safety and control, and mobilizes constellations of actors, including patient groups, multinational companies, and national and international regulators.