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Comparative analysis of direct-drive and gearbox-coupled electro-hydraulic energy converters
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1431-0010
Tin Arm Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3877-8147
2026 (English)In: Energy Conversion and Management: X, E-ISSN 2590-1745, Energy Conversion and Management: X, ISSN 2590-1745, Vol. 29, article id 101463Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Combinations of electric and hydraulic machines, also known as e-pumps or electro-hydraulic energy converters, are essential for the electrification of mobile working machinery. Currently, these machines are typically combined by axial stacking, and the electric machine directly drives the hydraulic machine. Alternatively, the hydraulic machine can be radially integrated within the core of the electric machine, or a gearbox in combination with a downsized electric machine can be used. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no systematic comparison of these different concepts has been published. This paper uses analytical methods to determine the dimensions of the active parts of hydraulic machines, electric machines, and gearboxes in order to compare different design concepts based on volume, aspect ratio, total mass, copper mass, magnet mass, electromagnetic efficiency, and inertia. Axially stacked concepts can yield the highest compactness. However, they achieve this compactness at low aspect ratios, with their lengths being several times greater than their outer diameters. For balanced aspect ratios, where the outer diameter and total length of the machine are similar, the radially integrated, direct-driven concept is most compact.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2026. Vol. 29, article id 101463
Keywords [en]
Compactness; e-pump; Electro-hydraulic energy converter; Fluid power; Gearbox; Off-highway; Permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM)
National Category
Information Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-220268DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101463Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105025195665OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-220268DiVA, id: diva2:2025471
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Swedish Energy AgencyAvailable from: 2026-01-07 Created: 2026-01-07 Last updated: 2026-01-07

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Heeger, ThomasEricson, Liselott

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2122232425262724 of 48
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