liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
N-linked glycosylation plays an essential role in the stability and function of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2688-3134
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, The Division of Cell and Neurobiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. (Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6030-3084
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. (Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3579-4229
Show others and affiliations
2026 (English)In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 302, no 2, article id 111092Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein with five N-linked glycosylation sites (N140, N230, N271, N303, N430) that is crucial for bone mineralization. TNALP is released into the bloodstream, serving as a biomarker for bone and mineral disorders. This study explores the role of N-linked glycosylation in the secretion, enzymatic activity, stability, and structure of TNALP. To eliminate the N-linked glycosylation site specifically, a soluble TNALP expression construct was created with the following substitution mutations N140Q, N230Q, N271Q, N303Q and N430D, and expressed in mouse osteoblasts. The effect of glycosylation was also studied by computational modeling (molecular dynamics simulations and the Glyco-SHIELD tool). We observed that substituting glycosylation sites reduced TNALP secretion, particularly in the double-site mutations N140Q/N271Q and N230Q/N271Q, due to increased cellular retention. Mutations comprising site N271 (N271Q, N140Q/N271Q, N271Q/N303Q and N271Q/N430D) significantly impaired the enzymatic activity. The computational modeling indicated that N-glycans can stabilize regions of the protein, including the Ca2+-binding domain. Further, interactions between N-glycans can compensate for specific double-site glycan losses. Protein thermal stability analysis showed that, compared to WT, N271Q/N430D and N303Q/ N430D had increased stability at 56 degrees C. TNALP isoform analysis revealed no differences in isoform patterns for mutations with retained enzymatic activity. The study suggests that N-linked glycosylation, particularly the presence of glycans at N271, is vital for TNALP stability, secretion, and enzymatic function, offering insights into the structural and functional properties of TNALP.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER , 2026. Vol. 302, no 2, article id 111092
National Category
Structural Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-221100DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.111092ISI: 001677495800001PubMedID: 41429353Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105027975291OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-221100DiVA, id: diva2:2036879
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council-Vetenskapsradet [2023-02974]; Swedish Cancer Society; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Region Ostergotland; Linkoping University; Swedish Research Council [2024-03668, 2022-06725]

Available from: 2026-02-09 Created: 2026-02-09 Last updated: 2026-05-08
In thesis
1. Exploring the glycosylation of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: A biomarker in bone and mineral disorders
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the glycosylation of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase: A biomarker in bone and mineral disorders
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP), mainly from bone and liver, is a serum biomarker of skeletal disease. Although the bone and liver TNALP isoforms share an identical protein structure, differences in their post-translational glycosylation alter protein structure and function, adding complexity to TNALP as a biomarker.

Osteoblasts produce four bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) isoforms, essential for normal bone and mineral metabolism. TNALP activity is reduced in the genetic disorder hypophosphatasia (HPP), whereas unexplained elevations occur in benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH). In chronic kidney disease, elevated BALP levels may provide prognostic insight into bone turnover and cardiovascular disease. However, limited understanding of TNALP glycosylation and insufficient differentiation between liver ALP and BALP underscore the need for more sensitive and specific clinical assays.

The aim of this thesis is to characterize TNALP glycosylation and evaluate its influence on BALP as a biomarker. Structural differences in glycosylation patterns across cell types and TNALP isoforms were examined with novel structural methods and established BALP detection techniques.

Paper 1 applies glycoproteomics to define glycan structures and site occupancy in human TNALP. Paper 2 investigates the functional role of N-glycan sites in enzymatic activity, folding, and stability of TNALP, using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations. Paper 3 expands the glycoproteomic profile with HPLC, gel electrophoresis, and analyses of TNALP expressed in multiple cell types, asfotase alfa (recombinant ALP for HPP treatment), the B2 BALP isoform, and TNALP in an overexpression mouse model. Paper 4 examines BALP status, TNALP isoform profile and glycosylation patterns in children with BTH.

The findings indicate that TNALP has five fully glycosylated sites with high heterogeneity in glycosylation, core fucosylation and sialylation between sites and cell sources. Glycan interactions with the protein are essential for normal folding and function. Increasing evidence in terminal sialylation variations might explain the differences between the TNALP isoforms and aid in developing new isoform-specific assays. However, more studies are needed to confirm these structural differences.

Abstract [sv]

Alkaliskt fosfatas (ALP) är en vanlig blodmarkör som används för att bedöma benhälsa. Det mesta av ALP i vårt blod kommer från en form som kallas vävnadsospecifikt alkaliskt fosfatas (TNALP), som huvudsakligen produceras i levern och i benbildande celler. TNALP‑molekylerna från dessa vävnader har samma proteinstruktur, men de är dekorerade med olika sockermolekyler, så kallade glykaner. Dessa glykaner kan påverka funktionen av proteinet och gör ALP till en mer komplex biomarkör.

TNALP‑molekyler från ben, så kallade ben ALP (BALP) isoformer, är avgörande för en normal ben- och mineralomsättning. Förändrade TNALP‑nivåer ses vid flera medicinska tillstånd, såsom hypofosfatasi där TNALP‑aktiviteten är för låg, eller vid kronisk njursjukdom och benign övergående hyperfosfatasemi där nivåerna är för höga. Förhöjda BALP‑nivåer hos patienter med kronisk njursjukdom kan ge viktig information om både benhälsa och risken för hjärt‑kärlsjukdom. Trots detta saknas fortfarande detaljerad kunskap om de glykanstrukturer som dekorerar TNALP och hur denna information kan användas för att säkert skilja mellan ben‑ALP och lever‑ALP i rutinmässiga blodprov. Mer precisa och känsliga metoder behövs.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att, med hjälp av nya strukturella metoder i kombination med etablerade laboratorietekniker, utforska kolhydratstrukturerna och hur de påverkar funktionen och användbarhet av TNALP som biomarkör. I artikel 1 undersöktes glykanstrukturerna vid varje bindingsställe. I artikel 2 undersöktes hur specifika glykanbindingsställen påverkar strukturen och funktionen av TNALP. I artikel 3 jämfördes glykanstrukturen i TNALP från olika mänskliga och mus cellkällor. I artikel 4 studerades BALP‑nivåer och TNALP‑isoformer vid benign övergående hyperfosfatasemi och deras möjliga kopplingar till glykanstrukturer.

Våra resultat visar att TNALP har fem glykanbindningsställen fullt upptagna av många olika typer av glykanstrukturer, och att glykanmönstret varierar beroende på celltyp. Dessa glykaner är avgörande för korrekt proteinveckning och funktion. Det identifierades även nya glykanstrukturer och tecken på att variationer i glykanernas "sockertoppar" kan hjälpa till att skilja TNALP isoformer från varandra. Denna kunskap kan bidra till att utveckla framtida diagnostiska tester som kan skilja ben‑ALP från lever‑ALP. Ytterligare studier behövs för att helt bekräfta dessa strukturella skillnader.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. p. 86
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 2037
Keywords
Alkaline phosphatase, Bone turnover, Bone and mineral disorders, Glycosylation, Glycoproteomics
National Category
Clinical Laboratory Medicine Biomedical Laboratory Science/Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-223654 (URN)10.3384/9789181185027 (DOI)9789181185010 (ISBN)9789181185027 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-06-04, Berzelius, building 463, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding: The research in this thesis has been supported with grants from Region Östergötland, The program “Från student till docent” by Region Östergötland, Linköping University, Swedish Cancer Society, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant no: 2023-02974 to Per Magnusson). Resources were provided by the National Supercomputer Center (NSC), funded by Linköping University, and National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS). 

Available from: 2026-05-08 Created: 2026-05-08 Last updated: 2026-05-11Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(6407 kB)10 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 6407 kBChecksum SHA-512
be8280b3c6f0211b5ab7676215181f44419981fc4296fb9b78339c968f2f8aa117e24c81a8bfd9d7d7cab5b9bf9c22a8117a850acd3f116d50645611d019829c
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Atanasova, DianaKusay, AliMoparthi, LavanyaKoch, StefanLandberg, EvaMagnusson, Per
By organisation
Division of Clinical Chemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Clinical ChemistryThe Division of Cell and NeurobiologyDivision of Molecular Medicine and Virology
In the same journal
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Structural Biology

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 57 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf