liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Optimization-Based Planning for Task-Motion Integration and Multi-Agent Coordination
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6157-1099
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Autonomous systems is a research field that has received significant attention during the last decades. An important requirement for such systems is the ability to plan before acting. This includes both higher-level task planning to determine what sequence of actions to take in order for the system to reach a goal, as well as lower-level motion planning in order to detail how to perform the actions required.

The first part of this thesis focuses on the problem of finding plans for task and motion planning (tamp) problems that optimize a given performance measure, such as energy consumption, path length or time. A method is presented for solving a tamp problem, that can be formulated as a traveling salesman problem with dynamic obstacles and motion constraints, to resolution optimality. The proposed method uses a planner consisting of two nested graph-search planners. Several different heuristics are considered and evaluated.

The main contribution in this part is a framework for solving a tamp problem, in the form of a rearrangement problem for a tractor-trailer system. In a first step, a method for finding a resolution-optimal solution is proposed. This method combines a task planner with motion planners, all based on heuristically guided graph search, and uses branch-and-bound techniques to improve the efficiency of the search algorithm. The efficiency is further improved by different strategies for recognizing equivalent problems. In a second step, the solution found in the first step is improved using optimal control. The proposed method takes inspiration from finite-horizon optimal control and decomposes the optimization problem into several smaller optimization problems. Compared to solving the original larger optimization problem, it is demonstrated that this can lead to reduced computation time without any significant decrease in solution quality.

The second part of this thesis focuses on finding kinematically feasible and optimized solutions to multi-agent motion planning (mamp) problems. A method for automatic generation of optimized motion primitives such that all primitive durations are a multiple of the same sample time is proposed. This facilitates collision checking. The proposed planner consists of two steps. In the first step a feasible solution is found using a state-of-the-art mamp planner such as conflict-based search (cbs) together with a single-agent planner. The proposed single-agent planner ensures kinematic feasibility, and allows more general cost functions and larger agents than previous approaches. In the second step, a multi-phase optimal control problem is posed and the solution found in the first step is used to warm start the solver.

For the special case where all agents are at rest initially and under the constraint of arriving at their goals simultaneously, it is shown that a feasible solution can be found by applying a standard mamp algorithm and searching backward. In particular, for certain choices of cost function and mamp algorithm it is (resolution) optimal. It is proposed to solve the optimization problem in the second step in a distributed and receding-horizon manner using the nonlinear alternating direction method of multipliers (nadmm).

 

Abstract [sv]

Ett stort forskningsmål under de senaste årtiondena är utvecklingen av autonoma system, det vill säga system som självständigt utan mänsklig styrning kan lösa och genomföra olika uppdrag. För att kunna uppnå det krävs förmågan att kunna planera, det vill säga att på förhand avgöra vad som ska göras for att uppnå ett visst mål eller klara av ett visst uppdrag. Denna planering kan göras på olika nivåer. På en högre abstraktionsnivå används uppgiftsplanering (eng. task planning) som bestämmer vad som ska göras, och på en lägre nivå används rörelseplanering (eng. motion planning) som bestämmer hur det ska göras. Som exempel kan en robotarm som har i uppdrag att stapla ett antal klossar på varandra använda uppgiftsplanering for att bestämma i vilken ordning klossarna ska lyftas upp och staplas, och rörelseplanering for att avgöra hur robotarmen ska röras för att greppa en kloss eller förflyttas mellan olika positioner.

Många problem kräver såväl uppgiftsplanering som rörelseplanering. Ett sätt att lösa sådana problem ar att först lösa uppgiftsplaneringsproblemet och därefter lösa rörelseplaneringsproblem. Det är dock inte garanterat att det resulterar i en lösning till det ursprungliga problemet, eftersom systemet kan ha rörelsebegränsningar som inte fångas av uppgiftsplaneringen. Det är därför önskvärt att integrera uppgifts- och rörelseplanering tätare genom att ta hänsyn till rörelsebegränsningarna i rörelseplaneringsproblemet redan när uppgiftsplaneringen görs så att de båda delproblemen kan lösas samtidigt i stället för i sekvens.

I den första delen av denna avhandling är fokus att lösa kombinerade uppgifts- och rörelseplaneringsproblem på ett sätt som inte bara tar hänsyn till systemens begränsningar utan även optimerar ett prestandamått. Det kan exempelvis vara att minimera energiförbrukning, förflyttad sträcka eller tid. En metod for att lösa en typ av uppgifts- och rörelseplanering som uppkommer vid planering av borrning i gruvor presenteras. Den föreslagna metoden använder sig av grafsökning och resulterar i lösningar som är optimala med avseende på ett prestandamått, givet en diskretisering av problemet.

Huvudbidraget i denna del är ett ramverk för att lösa en typ av uppgifts- och rörelseplanering där en manipulator har i uppdrag att omarrangera ett antal objekt. Den presenterade metoden finner i ett första steg lösningar som är optimala med avseende på ett prestandamått givet en diskretisering av problemet och förbättrar dessa i ett andra steg med hjälp av optimal styrning. For att minska betalningstiden föreslås att lösa en serie av mindre optimeringsproblem i stället för det ursprungliga större optimeringsproblemet.

Ytterligare en planeringsaspekt att ta hänsyn till är om det är en agent som agerar ensam eller flera samarbetande agenter. Rörelseplanering för flera agenter är mer komplicerat eftersom agenterna inte får kollidera med varandra. Att planera för en agent i taget leder ofta till suboptimala planer eller att det är svårt att hitta en tillåten plan. Att planera för flera agenter samtidigt gör dock att betäckningstiden skalar dåligt med antalet agenter. Detta är fokus för avhandlingens andra del. Även här bygger de föreslagna metoderna på att i ett första steg finna tillåtna lösningar som optimerar ett prestandamått givet en diskretisering, och att i ett andra steg utföra lokal optimering runt de funna lösningarna för att förbättra dem. För att möjliggöra detta presenteras en metod för att automatiskt generera optimerade rörelseprimitiver med en gemensam tidsdiskretisering samt en förbättring av existerande algoritmer som tillåter mer allmänna kostnadsfunktioner och agenter med större utsträckning. För specialfallet där alla agenter initialt befinner sig i vila och under bivillkoret att de ska nå sina mål samtidigt presenteras en lösning där det visas att tillåtna lösningar kan beräknas genom att söka baklänges. För att den lokala optimeringen ska skala bättre med antalet agenter föreslås en metod som använder distribuerad optimering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2026. , p. 67
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2531
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-223757DOI: 10.3384/9789181186062ISBN: 9789181186055 (print)ISBN: 9789181186062 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-223757DiVA, id: diva2:2059499
Public defence
2026-06-12, Zero, hus Zenit, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding: The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

Available from: 2026-05-12 Created: 2026-05-12 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. On a Traveling Salesman Problem with Dynamic Obstacles and Integrated Motion Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On a Traveling Salesman Problem with Dynamic Obstacles and Integrated Motion Planning
2022 (English)In: 2022 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC), IEEE , 2022, p. 4965-4972Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) with nonholonomic constraints and dynamic obstacles, with optimal control applications in the mining industry. The problem is discretized and an approach for solving the discretized problem to optimality is proposed. The proposed approach solves the three subproblems (waypoint ordering, heading at each waypoint and motion planning between waypoints) simultaneously using two nested graph-search planners. The higher-level planner solves the waypoint ordering and heading subproblems while making calls to the lower-level planner that solves the motion planning subproblem using a lattice-based motion planner. For the higher-level motion planner A* search is used and two different heuristics, a minimal spanning tree heuristic and a nearest insertion heuristic, are proposed and optimality bounds are proven. The proposed planner is evaluated on numerical examples and compared to Dijkstras algorithm. Furthermore, the performance and observed suboptimality are investigated when the minimal spanning tree heuristic cost is inflated.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2022
Series
2022 American Control Conference (ACC), ISSN 0743-1619, E-ISSN 2378-5861
National Category
Computational Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189967 (URN)10.23919/ACC53348.2022.9867369 (DOI)000865458704089 ()9781665451963 (ISBN)9781665494809 (ISBN)
Conference
American Control Conference (ACC), Atlanta, GA, jun 08-10, 2022
Note

Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2022-11-16 Created: 2022-11-16 Last updated: 2026-05-12
2. On Integrated Optimal Task and Motion Planning for a Tractor-Trailer Rearrangement Problem
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Integrated Optimal Task and Motion Planning for a Tractor-Trailer Rearrangement Problem
2024 (English)In: 2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), IEEE, 2024, p. 6116-6123Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this work, a combined task and motion planner for a tractor and a set of trailers is proposed and it is shown that it is resolution complete and resolution optimal. The proposed planner consists of a task planner and a motion planner that are both based on heuristically guided graph-search. As a step towards tighter integration of task and motion planning, we use the same heuristic that is used by the motion planner in the task planner as well. We further propose to use the motion planner heuristic to give an initial underestimate of the motion costs that are used as costs during the task planning search, and increase this estimate gradually by using the motion planner to verify the cost and feasibility of actions along paths of interest. To limit the time spent in the motion planner, the use of time and cost limits to pause or prematurely abort the motion planner is proposed, which does not affect the resolution completeness or resolution optimality. The planner is evaluated on numerical examples and the results show that the proposed planner can significantly reduce the execution time compared to a baseline resolution optimal task and motion planner.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2024
Series
Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, E-ISSN 2576-2370
Keywords
Costs;Agricultural machinery;Planning;Task analysis
National Category
Computer Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200643 (URN)10.1109/CDC49753.2023.10383959 (DOI)001166433805007 ()9798350301243 (ISBN)
Conference
2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) December 13-15, 2023. Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
Note

Funding: Wallenberg Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2024-02-02 Created: 2024-02-02 Last updated: 2026-05-12
3. Improved Task and Motion Planning for Rearrangement Problems using Optimal Control*
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved Task and Motion Planning for Rearrangement Problems using Optimal Control*
2024 (English)In: 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), IEEE, 2024, p. 2033-2040Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Optimal task and motion planning (TAMP) has seen an increase in interest in recent years. In this paper we propose methods for using numerical optimal control to improve upon a feasible solution to a TAMP rearrangement problem. The methods are extensions of existing improvement methods for pure motion planning. The first method poses an optimal control problem (OCP) to simultaneously improve all motions in the plan. The second method, which we denote multiple finite horizons (MFH), takes inspiration from finite horizon control and poses a sequence of finite horizon OCPs involving variables for the positions of temporary placements of movable objects as well as motions in the plan, such that after solving each problem a feasible plan is maintained and the plan cost is non-increasing after each step. The methods are evaluated on a TAMP problem for tractor-trailers in numerical experiments, and the results show that both methods improve the plan for the evaluated problems. The results also show that MFH can reduce the computation time compared to the first method, and that on one example problem it achieves plans of similar or better quality as when all the motions are optimized at the same time provided that the horizon length is sufficiently long.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2024
Keywords
Costs, Intelligent vehicles, Optimal control, Cost function, Planning, Task analysis, Collision avoidance
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206063 (URN)10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588789 (DOI)001275100902017 ()
Conference
35th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2-5 June 2024, Jeju Island, Korea
Note

Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2024-07-31 Created: 2024-07-31 Last updated: 2026-05-12Bibliographically approved
4. On Methods for Improved Efficiency of Optimal Task and Motion Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Methods for Improved Efficiency of Optimal Task and Motion Planning
2024 (English)In: 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024, p. 1657-1663Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Optimal task and motion planning (TAMP) has seen an increase in interest in recent years. An important performance bottleneck when solving such problems is that solving motion-planning problems for nonholonomic systems to (resolution) optimality is relatively costly, and when this has to be done a potentially large number of times, in the form of a subroutine, time quickly adds up. In this work, we significantly increase the efficiency of our previously presented optimal TAMP algorithm for rearrangement problems. The core idea that we introduce in this work is to use intermediary results from the motion planner to infer solutions to other related motion-planning problems that might be of interest to the overall TAMP problem. We also introduce the concept of equivalent states to recognize state-action pairs that require the solution of the same motion-planning problem in order to compute their associated cost. Evaluations on numerical examples considering rearrangement TAMP problems involving tractor-trailers show that the proposed strategies can significantly reduce the total computation time of the TAMP planner, as well as the number of motion-planning problems that are solved, and the number of candidate task plans that are computed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024
Keywords
costs, algorithms, tracking, planning, WASP_publications
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212270 (URN)10.1109/CDC56724.2024.10886213 (DOI)001445827201067 ()2-s2.0-86000525290 (Scopus ID)9798350316339 (ISBN)9798350316346 (ISBN)
Conference
2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Milan, Italy, 16-19 December 2024
Note

Funding Agencies|Wallenberg Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2025-03-17 Created: 2025-03-17 Last updated: 2026-05-12Bibliographically approved
5. Optimized and kinematically feasible multi-agent motion planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optimized and kinematically feasible multi-agent motion planning
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Robotics and automation
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-223455 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2605.01996 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
Available from: 2026-05-03 Created: 2026-05-03 Last updated: 2026-05-12
6. Multi-Agent Motion Planning for Simultaneous Arrival using Time-Reversed Search and Distributed Optimal Control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multi-Agent Motion Planning for Simultaneous Arrival using Time-Reversed Search and Distributed Optimal Control
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-223456 (URN)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
Available from: 2026-05-03 Created: 2026-05-03 Last updated: 2026-05-12

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(3731 kB)121 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 3731 kBChecksum SHA-512
e7432a52de84756df75b453fb6fb32bbd49290c9cb8ee9881c86a1843286e91703c97affa7f3a73e5e4840a354733c070a634ecfa5dcb2483a8ea450e2e9ab54
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf
Order online >>

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Hellander, Anja

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Hellander, Anja
By organisation
Automatic ControlFaculty of Science & Engineering
Control Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 820 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf