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FluoRa - a System for Combined Fluorescence and Microcirculation Measurements in Brain Tumor Surgery
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
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2021 (English)In: 2021 43RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE , 2021, p. 1512-1515Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In brain tumor surgery it is difficult to distinguish the marginal zone with the naked eye. Fluorescence techniques can help identifying tumor tissue in the zone during resection and biopsy procedures. In this paper a novel system for combined real-time measurements of PpIX-fluorescence, microcirculation and tissue grey-whiteness is presented and experimentally evaluated. The system consists of a fluorescence hardware with a sensitive CCD spectrometer for PpIX peak detection, a laser Doppler system, optical probes, and a LabView software. System evaluation was done on static fluorescing material, human skin, and brain tumor tissue. The static material indicates reproducibility, the skin measurements exemplify simultaneous fluorescence and microcirculation measurement in real-time, and the tumor tissue showed PpIX peaks. These decreased over time, as expected, due to photo bleaching. In addition, the system was prepared for clinical use and thus laser- and electrical safety issues were considered. In summary, a system for multiparameter measurements during neurosurgery was successfully evaluated in an experimental environment. As a next step the system will be applied in clinical brain tumor biopsies and resections.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE , 2021. p. 1512-1515
Series
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings, ISSN 1557-170X
National Category
Medical Laboratory Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184568DOI: 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629801ISI: 000760910501122PubMedID: 34891572ISBN: 9781728111797 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-184568DiVA, id: diva2:1655266
Conference
43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (IEEE EMBC), ELECTR NETWORK, nov 01-05, 2021
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research [RMX18-0056]

Available from: 2022-05-02 Created: 2022-05-02 Last updated: 2025-09-03
In thesis
1. Multimodal Brain Tumor Tissue Identification: Integration of Optical Guidance and Quantitative MRI in Neuronavigated Biopsies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multimodal Brain Tumor Tissue Identification: Integration of Optical Guidance and Quantitative MRI in Neuronavigated Biopsies
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In neurosurgery, it is difficult to safely and reliably sample brain tumor tissue. Within the framework of this thesis, a method for optical guidance during navigated biopsy procedures was introduced. Furthermore, a workflow for multimodal analysis of tumor tissue was developed, comparing optical signals with intensities from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropathological parameters. The five studies included in this thesis were carried out in close collaboration with the Department of Neurosurgery at Linköping University Hospital.

In Paper I, the optical technology is presented and experimentally evaluated. The system measures three signals: fluorescence, indicating high-grade tumor tissue; microcirculation, which detects blood vessels; and tissue light intensity, providing criteria for the type of tissue, such as gray or white matter. The parameters are displayed in real-time during surgery, where tumor tissue is identified as a fluorescence peak, and high, pulsatile blood flow could indicate vascular structures. In Paper II, the optical system was integrated into the frameless neuronavigation system and evaluated in a phantom before clinical measurements in three biopsy patients. Based on the integration, a multimodal workflow was introduced, including data processing, and registration to the neuronavigation coordinate system. In the clinical setting, good ability to identify tumor tissue and blood flow changes was confirmed.

Paper III presents a multiparametric analysis of data from 20 navigated biopsies where the optical technique was used. In each biopsy procedure, the biopsy needle was inserted into the brain in a stepwise manner with the optical probe inside. At each step, the optical signals were measured, the measurement position identified through the neuronavigation system, and direct feedback on tissue characteristics was received. The optical system offers an indication of where a diagnostic specimen can be sampled. Fluorescence peaks were found in high-grade tumors such as glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and lymphoma. Compared to the routine biopsy procedure, the procedure time could be shortened if fluorescence peaks are found.

To gain greater knowledge of the infiltrative zone between non-tumor and tumor tissue, the multimodal workflow was extended with two quantitative MRI (QMRI) methods: relaxometry (Paper IV) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) (Paper V). Relaxometry analyzes the biophysical basis of tissue relaxivity, e.g., before and after administration of a contrast medium. Along the biopsy trajectory, the difference in relaxivity was compared with the presence of fluorescence peaks, radiological definition of tumor, and neuropathological parameters. Increased relaxivity after contrast administration was not tumor-specific, however, the largest increases were found in tumor tissue. Diffusion MRI, or the study of the movement of water molecules in tissue, was compared in the biopsied volume and the contralateral normal-appearing white matter. Trends of lower anisotropy, kurtosis, and variance as well as increased diffusivity were found in patients with glioblastoma and astrocytoma. Furthermore, a subset of diffusion scalar maps was identified for future studies towards the clinical utility of dMRI for brain tumor patients.

In summary, probe-based optical guidance and a workflow for multimodal analysis, including QMRI data, was developed and integrated into the frameless brain tumor biopsy procedure. The techniques were combined for analysis with conventional MRI and neuropathological parameters. Quantitative MRI and optical guidance can provide further insights into tumor tissue identification and may, in extension, result in better patient care.

Abstract [sv]

Inom neurokirurgi är det svårt att ta vävnadsprover från hjärntumörer på ett säkert och tillförlitligt sätt. Inom ramen för detta avhandlingsarbete introducerades en metod för optisk guidning under kirurgin när ett vävnadsprov tas, en så kallad biopsi. Vidare utvecklades ett arbetsflöde för multimodal analys av tumörvävnad, där optiska signaler jämfördes med intensiteter från magnetisk resonanstomografi (MRT) och neuropatologiska parametrar vilka ligger till grund för diagnos. De fem studier som ingår i avhandlingen har genomförts i nära samarbete med Neurokirurgiska kliniken på Linköpings universitetssjukhus.

I delarbete I presenteras och utvärderas den optiska tekniken i laboratoriemiljö och på vävnadspreparat. Systemet mäter tre signaler: fluorescens, vilket indikerar höggradig tumörvävnad; perfusion, som kan påvisa blodkärl; och vävnadens ljusintensitet, vilket indikerar vävnadens typ, t.ex. grå eller vit substans. Parametrarna visas i realtid under operationen, där tumörvävnad identifieras av en fluorescenstopp, och en högt, pulserande perfusionssignal indikerar vaskulära strukturer. I delarbete II integrerades det optiska systemet i det ramlösa neuronavigationssystemet och utvärderades i en fantom före kliniska mätningar i tre biopsipatienter. Baserat på integrationen introducerades ett multimodalt arbetsflöde, inklusive databehandling och registrering till neuronavigationssystemets koordinatsystem. De kliniska mätningarna bekräftade god förmåga att identifiera både tumörvävnad och blodflödesförändringar.

I delarbete III presenteras en multiparametrisk analys av data från 20 neurokirurgiska tumörbiopsier där den optiska tekniken användes. Vid varje operation fördes biopsinålen stegvis in i hjärnan med den fiber-optiska proben inuti. I varje steg mättes de optiska signalerna, mätpositionen identifierades genom neuronavigationssystemet och kirurgen fick direkt återkoppling om vävnadens egenskaper. Det optiska systemet ger en indikation på var ett diagnostiskt vävnadsprov kan tas. Fluorescenstoppar hittades i höggradiga tumörer: glioblastom, astrocytom och lymfom. Jämfört med den rutinmässiga biopsiproceduren skulle operationstiden kunna förkortas om fluorescenstoppar upptäcks.

För att få ökad kunskap om den diffusa gränsen mellan frisk vävnad och tumörvävnad utökades det multimodala arbetsflödet med två kvantitativa MRI-metoder (QMRI): relaxometri (delarbete IV) och diffusions-MRI (dMRI) (delarbete V). Relaxometri analyserar den biofysiska grunden för vävnadens återgång till jämviktsläge efter att energi tillförts, där skillnader i relaxometri, t.ex. före och efter administrering av ett kontrastmedel, kan påvisa tumörvävnad. Längs biopsibanan jämfördes skillnaden i relaxivitet med förekomst av fluorescenstoppar, radiologisk definition av tumör och neuropatologiska parametrar. Ökad relaxivitet efter kontrastinjektion var inte specifik för tumörer, men de största ökningarna sågs i tumörvävnad. Diffusionsviktad MRT (dMRI), eller studiet av vattenmolekylers rö-relse i vävnad, jämfördes i biopsivolymen och den kontralaterala, till synes normala, vita vävnaden. Trender av lägre anisotropi, kurtosis och varians samt ökad diffusivitet sågs hos patienter med glioblastom och astrocytom. Som ett steg mot klinisk användbarhet identifierades ett urval av skalärkartor för framtida studier.

Sammanfattningsvis har ett system för optisk navigering i realtid utvecklats och integrerats vid hjärntumörsbiopsier. Vidare har ett kombinerat arbetsflöde för gemensam analys av optiska och kvantitativa MRT-parametrar tillsammans med konventionell MRT och neuropatologiska parametrar utvecklats. Kvantitativa MRT-metoder och optisk guidning kan ge nya insikter om höggradig tumörvävnad och på sikt bidra till en bättre patientvård.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. p. 100
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2440
Keywords
Fluorescence, Spectroscopy, Glioblastoma, Laser Doppler flowmetry, Microstructure imaging, MRI relaxometry
National Category
Radiology and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-217376 (URN)10.3384/9789181180244 (DOI)9789181180237 (ISBN)9789181180244 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-03, Hugo Theorell, building 440, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-03 Created: 2025-09-03 Last updated: 2025-09-03Bibliographically approved

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