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Explicit and Implicit Gender-Related Stereotyping in Transgender, Gender Expansive, and Cisgender Adults
Univ Toronto, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Canada.
Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Univ Toronto, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0770-5471
2022 (English)In: Archives of Sexual Behavior, ISSN 0004-0002, E-ISSN 1573-2800, Vol. 51, p. 2065-2076Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Little is known about gender-related stereotyping among transgender and gender expansive adults. Using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (AIS; Glick & Fiske, 1996), we examined explicit gender attitudes in 3298 cisgender, transgender, and gender expansive respondents designated female at birth (FAB; n = 1976 cisgender, n = 108 transgender, n = 188 gender expansive) and male at birth (MAB; n = 922 cisgender, n = 52 transgender, n = 52 gender expansive). In order to learn more about implicit gender-related stereotyping, a subset of 822 participants (FAB; n = 445 cisgender, n = 32 transgender, n = 51 gender expansive. MAB; n = 254 cisgender, n = 21 transgender, n = 19 gender expansive) completed the gender-leadership Implicit Association Test (IAT; Dasgupta & Asgari, 2004). Cisgender men scored significantly higher than all other groups on hostile sexism, but patterns of endorsement for benevolent sexism and implicit attitudes were more nuanced, with cisgender women and gender expansive FAB often scoring significantly below other groups. We observed that transgender men and transgender women, along with cisgender men and gender expansive MAB, moderately endorsed essentialist views regarding differences between men and women (i.e., complementary gender differentiation). These data reveal novel patterns of gender-related stereotyping, with some corresponding to sex designated at birth and others corresponding to current gender identification. Together, these findings suggest that ones experienced gender, designated sex at birth, and the intersection between them may relate to gender stereotyping, underscoring the importance of including transgender and gender expansive individuals in this research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS , 2022. Vol. 51, p. 2065-2076
Keywords [en]
Gender-related stereotyping; Ambivalent sexism; Transgender; Gender expansive; Implicit Association Test
National Category
Psychiatry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184875DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02339-yISI: 000787108800002PubMedID: 35467169OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-184875DiVA, id: diva2:1657826
Note

Funding Agencies|Wilfred and Joyce Posluns Chair in Womens Brain Health and Aging [WJP-150643]; Jacqueline Ford Gender and Health Fund; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

Available from: 2022-05-12 Created: 2022-05-12 Last updated: 2023-02-16Bibliographically approved

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