Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data for Cognitively Healthy Swedish 80-to 94-Year-Olds
2022 (English)In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 87, no 3, p. 1335-1344Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is sensitive to cognitive impairment; however, it is also sensitive to demographic and socio-cultural factors. This necessitates reliable sub-population norms, but these are often lacking for older adults. Objective: To present demographically adjusted regression-based MoCA norms for cognitively healthy Swedish older adults. Methods: A pseudo-random sample of community-dwelling 80- to 94-year-olds, stratified by age and gender, was invited to the study. Initial telephone interviews and medical records searches (n = 218) were conducted to screen for cognitive impairment. N= 181 eligible participants were administered a protocol including the Swedish version of the MoCA and assessments of global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9). Individuals scoring in the range of possible cognitive impairment on the MMSE or more than mild depression on the PHQ-9 were excluded (n = 23); three discontinued the test-session. Results: Norms were derived from the remaining n = 158. They were evenly distributed by gender, on average 85 years old, and with a mean education of 11 years. MoCA scores were independently influenced by age and education, together explaining 17.2% of the total variance. Higher age and lower education were associated with lower performance and 46% performed below the original cut-off (< 26/30). Conclusion: The negative impact of increasing age on MoCA performance continues linearly into the nineties in normal aging. Demographic factors should be considered when interpreting MoCA performance and a tool for computing demographically corrected standard scores is provided.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS PRESS , 2022. Vol. 87, no 3, p. 1335-1344
Keywords [en]
Cognitive aging; healthy volunteers; neuropsychological tests; regression analyses
National Category
Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-186176DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215629ISI: 000806160400030PubMedID: 35431248OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-186176DiVA, id: diva2:1675810
Note
Funding Agencies|Alzheimerfonden [AF-648031]; Region O stergo tland (RO) [RO -430341, RO 751381, RO -631391, FOR SS-482931]; ALF [RO -790811, RO -696631, RO -602761]
2022-06-232022-06-232023-03-27