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Dietary Sugar Shifts Mitochondrial Metabolism and Small RNA Biogenesis in Sperm
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7590-8326
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
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2023 (English)In: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, ISSN 1523-0864, E-ISSN 1557-7716, Vol. 38, no 16-18, p. 1167-1183Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aims: Increasing concentrations of dietary sugar results in a linear accumulation of triglycerides in male Drosophila, while inducing a U-shaped obesity response in their offspring. Here, using a combination of proteomics and small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, we aimed at understanding the molecular underpinning in sperm for such plasticity.Results: Proteomic analysis of seminal vesicles revealed that increasing concentrations of dietary sugar resulted in a bell-shaped induction of proteins involved in metabolic/redox regulation. Using stains and in vivo redox reporter flies, this pattern could be explained by changes in sperm production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), more exactly mitochondria-derived H2O2. By quenching ROS with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and performing sRNA-seq on sperm, we found that sperm miRNA is increased in response to ROS. Moreover, we found sperm mitosRNA to be increased in high-sugar diet conditions (independent of ROS). Reanalyzing our previously published data revealed a similar global upregulation of human sperm mitosRNA in response to a high-sugar diet, suggesting evolutionary conserved mechanisms.Innovation: This work highlights a fast response to dietary sugar in mitochondria-produced H2O2 in Drosophila sperm and identifies redox-sensitive miRNA downstream of this event.Conclusions: Our data support a model where changes in the sperm mitochondria in response to dietary sugar are the primary event, and changes in redox homoeostasis are secondary to mitochondrial ROS production. These data provide multiple candidates for paternal intergenerational metabolic responses as well as potential biomarkers for human male fertility.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC , 2023. Vol. 38, no 16-18, p. 1167-1183
Keywords [en]
diet; sperm; proteomics; small RNA; mitochondrial ROS; mitochondrial small RNA; miR-10; tsRNA
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-192683DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0049ISI: 000944815100001PubMedID: 36509450OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-192683DiVA, id: diva2:1746604
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2015-03141]; Ragnar Soderbergs foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation [2015.0165]

Available from: 2023-03-29 Created: 2023-03-29 Last updated: 2025-03-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Sperm-borne Small RNA: Environmental Influence and Embryonic Development
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sperm-borne Small RNA: Environmental Influence and Embryonic Development
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The fusion of a male and female pronucleus at fertilisation can give rise to new life. Not only is the mix of the two parental genomes fundamentally important for inheritance, but accumulating evidence also highlights the importance of other nucleic acids—such as small RNA. These short RNA molecules are known regulators of a myriad of cellular processes and are especially important in reproduction. In this thesis, I have investigated the small RNAs of mature sperm, their relation to diet, and their role in reproduction and embryo development.

In paper I, a bioinformatic workflow for analysing small RNAs is presented, where sequence information is retained throughout the workflow to allow for a transparent analysis. This workflow is performed within one programming language and is available on all operating systems and for both high- and low-end computational powers, making the analysis highly accessible.

In paper II, dietary effects on Drosophila sperm were studied. The additions of dietary sugar and antioxidants were studied physiologically and on small RNA transcription levels. This study highlighted that diet-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production from mitochondria shifted sperm-borne microRNAs, while a sugar diet changed mitochondrial small RNA production independently of oxygen species.

In paper III, sperm-borne small RNA in a population undergoing In Vitro-Fertilisation treatment was studied to further understand the role of small RNA in sperm quality and reproductive health. Small RNA originating from Y-RNA and mitochondria was found to be relevant markers for sperm quality, while specific microRNA and ribosomal RNA were important for early embryonic development.

In summary, this thesis diversifies the understanding of sperm-borne small RNA, their environmental plasticity and their role in reproduction.

Abstract [sv]

Nästan varje cell i vår kropp innehåller arvsmassa i form av nukleinsyran DNA, som består av all genetisk information kroppens celler behöver för att kunna bli specialiserade. Det som skiljer en platt hudcell, pumpande hjärtcell, eller en slemproducerande tarmcell åt är inte den genetiska informationen, utan hur och när gener stängs av och på. Ett sätt detta styrs på är små RNA, som i sin kemiska grund består av liknande byggstenar som DNA. Små RNA är särskilt viktiga i tidig embryoutveckling, då en enda cell har potentialen att utvecklas till varenda celltyp i den vuxna kroppen. Det är därför av stor betydelse att förstå vilka små RNA som är närvarande vid detta kritiska vägskäl.

I denna avhandling har jag med min forskargrupp i tre delprojekt fokuserat på vilka små RNA som förs över till embryot via spermien. För att undersöka detta har jag parallellt arbetat med prov från patienter som sökt vård för provrörsbefruktning och prov från bananfluga. I projekt I utformades en ny metod för att analysera dessa RNA, då de tillgängliga metoderna inte var tillräckliga för den breda analys vi önskade utföra. Metoden finns nu tillgänglig för öppen tillgång under namnet SeqPac. I projekt II gav vi flugor olika dieter med skilda sockernivåer där vi kunde se att både protein och små RNA i flugans spermier förändras när de äter socker. Många av de proteiner som förändrades var relaterade till metabolism. En stor del av de små RNA som är känsliga för sockerintag härstammar från cellens energifabrik mitokondriens eget DNA, och dessa var relaterade till spermiens kvalitet hos människa. I projekt III har vi kartlagt små RNA i spermier från par som sökt IVF-behandling vid Linköpings Universitetssjukhus. Vi fann att spermiekvalitet är relaterad till nivåer av två specifika typer av små RNA – de från mitokondrien och de som kallas Y-RNA, som tidigare visats relevanta i autoimmuna sjukdomar. Närvaron av vissa typer av mikroRNA i spermien visade sig vara viktigt för embryokvalitet. Då en sjättedel av världens befolkning påverkas av ofrivillig barnlöshet är det viktigt att förstå de underliggande orsakerna på djupet, för att kunna utveckla morgondagens diagnostik och behandling.

Sammantaget har jag i denna avhandling studerat små RNA-profiler i spermier hos människa och fluga, identifierat faktorer som kan påverka dem samt hur de relaterar till spermiers reproduktiva förmåga.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. p. 86
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1962
Keywords
Infertility, miRNA, Mitochondrial RNA, Reproduction, Small RNA, Sperm, Spermatozoa, tsRNA, Y-RNA
National Category
Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212167 (URN)10.3384/9789180759755 (DOI)9789180759748 (ISBN)9789180759755 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-04-09, Belladonna, Building 511, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-03-07 Created: 2025-03-07 Last updated: 2025-03-07Bibliographically approved

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Ramesh, RashmiÖrkenby, LovisaÖrtegren (Kugelberg), UnnNätt, DanielÖst, Anita

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