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Designing Robot Sound-In-Interaction: The Case of Autonomous Public Transport Shuttle Buses
Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Language, Culture and Interaction. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0992-5176
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9359-7122
2023 (English)In: HRI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM Digital Library, 2023, p. 172-182Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Horns and sirens are important tools for communicating on the road, which are still understudied in autonomous vehicles. While HRI has explored different ways in which robots could sound, we focus on the range of actions that a single sound can accomplish in interaction. In a Research through Design study involving autonomous shuttle buses in public transport, we explored sound design with the help of voice-overs to video recordings of the buses on the road and Wizard-of-Oz tests in live traffic. The buses are slowed down by (unnecessary) braking in response to people getting close. We found that prolonged jingles draw attention to the bus and invite interaction, while repeated short beeps and bell sounds can instruct the movement of others away from the bus. We highlight the importance of designing sound in sequential interaction and describe a new method for embedding video interaction analysis in the design process.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ACM Digital Library, 2023. p. 172-182
Series
HRI: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, E-ISSN 2157-2148
Keywords [en]
Conversation analysis, Sound design, Ethnomethodology
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193558DOI: 10.1145/3568162.3576979ISI: 001504959700021Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85150348803ISBN: 9781450399647 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-193558DiVA, id: diva2:1754950
Conference
HRI: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Stockholm, March 13-16, 2023
Available from: 2023-05-05 Created: 2023-05-05 Last updated: 2025-11-13
In thesis
1. Robot Sound in Interaction: Analyzing and Designing Sound for Human-Robot Coordination
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Robot Sound in Interaction: Analyzing and Designing Sound for Human-Robot Coordination
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Robots naturally emit sound, but we still know little about how sound can serve as an interface that makes a robot’s behavior explainable to humans. This dissertation draws on insights about human practices for coordinating bodily activities through sound, investigating how they could inform robot design. My work builds on three video corpora, involving i) a Cozmo robot in ten family homes, ii) autonomous public shuttle buses in an urban environment, and iii) a teamwork robot prototype controlled by a researcher and interacting with study participants in an experimental setting. I approached the data from two methodological angles, exploring how they can speak to each other: I first carried out an empirical analysis of the video data from an Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis (EMCA) perspective, focusing on how humans make sense of robot sound on a moment-by-moment basis in naturally occurring interaction. Subsequently, taking an Interaction Design perspective, I used my video recordings as a design material for exploring how robot sound could be designed in and for real-time interaction. My work contributes to Human-Robot Interaction through detailed studies of robots in the world (rather than in the lab), focusing on how participants make sense of robot sounds. I present a novel framework for designing sound in and for interaction and a prototyping practice that allows practitioners to embed an EMCA stance into their designs. The dissertation contributes to EMCA by describing how members embed autonomous machines into the social organization of activities and how humans treat robots as participants in the interaction. I make a contribution to the development of EMCA hybrid studies by seeking a synthesis between EMCA and robot interaction design.

Abstract [sv]

Trots att ljud är en naturlig del av en robots närvaro vet vi fortvarande väldigt lite om hur ljud kan användas i gränssnitt för att göra robotars beteende förståeligt för människor. Denna avhandling utgår från nya insikter om hur människor använder sina röster i kroppsliga aktiviteter, för att undersöka hur denna kunskap kan användas vid gestaltning av robotar. Avhandlingen bygger på tre videokorpusar som visar i) leksaksroboten Cozmo i tio olika barnfamiljers hemmiljö, ii) två autonoma bussar i stadsmiljö och iii) en forskarstyrd prototyp av en robot för grupparbete i en experimentell miljö. Korpusarna studerades utifrån ett etnometodologiskt och interaktionsanalytiskt perspektiv (eng. ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, EMCA). Analysen fokuserade på hur människor visar sin förståelse av robotljud i naturligt förekommande interaktioner. De två sistnämnda korpusarna användes dessutom som material för interaktionsdesign i syfte att utforska hur robotljud kan utformas för att stödja realtidsinteraktion. Arbetet bidrar till fältet människa-robotinteraktion genom att erbjuda detaljerade studier av robotar i världen (i motsats till laboratoriemiljö) med fokus på hur deltagare i sampel med en robot förstår dess ljud. Avhandlingen föreslår ett nytt ramverk för att utforma ljud för interaktionella syften och en metod för att implementera ett EMCA-förhållningssätt inom designpraktiker. Arbetet beskriver även hur autonoma maskiner kan ingå i socialt organiserade aktiviteter och hur robotar kan behandlas som deltagare i interaktion med människor. Slutligen bidrar avhandlingen även till utvecklingen av EMCA-hybridstudier genom att utforska möjligheten att utveckla en EMCA-informerad metod för design av robotinteraktion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. p. 113
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 853Studies in Language and Culture, ISSN 1403-2570 ; 36
Keywords
Conversation analysis, Ethnomethodology, Human-robot interaction, Interaction design, Multimodality, Non-lexical sounds, Robot sound, Video analysis, Etnometodologi, Icke-lexikala ljud, Interaktionsanalys, Interaktionsdesign, Multimodalitet, Människa-robotinteraktion, Robotljud, Videoanalys
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193560 (URN)10.3384/9789180751179 (DOI)9789180751162 (ISBN)9789180751179 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-08, KEY1, Building Key, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-05-05 Created: 2023-05-05 Last updated: 2023-05-05Bibliographically approved

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Pelikan, Hannah R. M.

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