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Affordances of models and modelling: a study of four technology design projects in the Swedish secondary school
Linnaeus University, Sweden .ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0811-1480
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Learning, Aesthetics, Natural Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences. (TekNaD)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6859-1420
University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Learning, Aesthetics, Natural Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences. (TekNaD)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7708-069X
2022 (English)In: Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, ISSN 1360-1431, E-ISSN 2040-8633, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 58-75Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study aims to investigate affordances of models and modelling in design projects in technology education. To learn more about affordances when working with models and modelling, four Swedish technology teachers were interviewed using a narrative approach. Despite a small number of informants data were rich, containing detailed descriptions of sequences where students used models and modelling in ways not planned by the teachers. By using a qualitative, generic inductive approach, the narrative interviews revealed seven different affordances of models and modelling in the projects: Seeing different solutions; Finding possibilities and limitations in solutions; Representing an idea, structure or function; Communicating solutions with drawings; Making problems and solutions visible; Trial and error and learning from mistakes and finally Taking inspirations from each other’s solutions. Some conclusions and implications of the study are that when the students can see and use a wide variety of materials when modelling, they are more creative in finding solutions to design problems. The use of conceptual design in schools, leading to students performing trial and error using models to solve problems, might also be connected to the importance of a variety of materials. In the study, teachers describe how their students used models, trying different solutions, representing ideas, and trying, failing and trying again. All these modelling activities are important parts of a design process and might prove that the doing itself is a process of reflection.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. Vol. 27, no 3, p. 58-75
Keywords [en]
Models, Modelling, Design project, Affordances, Technology Education
National Category
Didactics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197801OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-197801DiVA, id: diva2:1797488
Available from: 2023-09-14 Created: 2023-09-14 Last updated: 2025-04-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Fysiska modeller i designprojekt: Om teknikkunskaper och didaktiska relationer i högstadiets teknikundervisning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fysiska modeller i designprojekt: Om teknikkunskaper och didaktiska relationer i högstadiets teknikundervisning
2025 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

I grundskolans teknikämne används fysiska modeller i designprojekt för att utveckla, visualisera och förstå tekniska lösningar samt för att öka teknikkunskaper. I avhandlingen undersöks denna användning med syfte att bidra med teknikdidaktisk kunskap om fysiska modellers roll i designprojekt. De fyra artiklarna i avhandlingen baseras på tre empiriska studier, där datainsamling har genomförts med intervjuer med lärare samt videoobservationer av teknikundervisning. Materialet, bestående av transkriberade data från studierna, har analyserats kvalitativt med både induktiv och deduktiv innehållsanalys.

Avhandlingens resultat bidrar med kunskap om materialutbudets påverkan på elevers möjligheter att utveckla fysiska modeller och uttrycka intentioner med slutprodukten. Ett begränsat materialutbud kan leda till enklare modeller som kräver fler uttryckssätt, vilket påverkar didaktiska relationer mellan elev, teknikkunskaper och fysisk modell. Resultaten visar också att läraren, i planeringen av ett designprojekt, kan styra projektets komplexitet och frihetsgrad genom att fokusera på olika aspekter av modeller samt involvera användare och miljö. För att underlätta analysen av designprojekt presenteras i avhandlingen ett analytiskt verktyg för att undersöka vilka teknikkunskaper som erbjuds i projektet. Vidare visar resultaten att lärares uppfattningar och tolkningar av teknikkunskap och användning av modeller i teknik påverkar de teknikkunskaper elever erbjuds. Slutligen visar avhandlingens resultat att elevernas arbete med modeller är en iterativ och reflekterande process, där de, likt ingenjörer, använder modeller för att testa, vidareutveckla och visualisera sina idéer.

Implikationer är att materialutbudet, begränsningar och modell-användandet i ett projekt styr de teknikkunskaper som eleverna erbjuds i designprojekt. Forskare och lärare kan, genom att vara medvetna om detta samband, bidra till utveckling av teknikdidaktisk forskning och teknikundervisning i skolan. Slutligen kan det i avhandlingen erbjudna analysverktyget användas av lärare vid projektplanering för att i förväg undersöka vilken teknikkunskap eleverna erbjuds i projektet.

Abstract [en]

In Swedish compulsory school, physical models are used in design projects to develop, visualize, and understand technological solutions while also enhancing technological knowledge. This dissertation examines this usage with the aim to contribute to technology education research by exploring the role of physical models in design projects. The four articles in the dissertation are based on three empirical studies, with data collected through teacher interviews and video observations of technology education. The material, consisting of transcribed data from the studies, has been analyzed qualitatively using both inductive and deductive content analysis.

The dissertation provides insights into how the availability of materials influences students' ability to develop physical models and express intentions with their final products. A limited range of materials can lead to simpler models that require additional forms of expression, affecting the didactic relationships between students, technological knowledge, and physical models. The findings also show that teachers, through the planning of a design project, can control the project's complexity and degree of freedom by focusing on different aspects of models and involving users and the environment. To facilitate the analysis of design projects, the dissertation presents an analytical tool for examining the technological knowledge offered in the project. Furthermore, the results indicate that teachers' perceptions and interpretations of technological knowledge and the use of models in technology education influence the technological knowledge students are provided. Finally, the dissertation demonstrates that students' work with models is an iterative and reflective process, where they, like engineers, use models to test, refine, and visualize their ideas.

The implications are that material availability, constraints, and model usage in a project shape the technological knowledge students gain in design projects. By recognizing this relationship, researchers and teachers can contribute to the development of technology education research and teaching in schools. Lastly, the analytical tool presented in the dissertation can be used by teachers in project planning to assess in advance what technological knowledge students will acquire in the project.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. p. 100
Series
Studies in Science and Technology Education, ISSN 1652-5051 ; 127
Keywords
Technology education, Technological knowledge, Physical models, Design projects, Design process, Teknik, Teknikundervisning, Teknikkunskap, Fysiska modeller, Designprojekt, Designprocess
National Category
Didactics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212762 (URN)10.3384/9789181180060 (DOI)9789181180053 (ISBN)9789181180060 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-06, K3, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

2025-04-01: ISSN has been corrected in the PDF-version. 

Available from: 2025-04-01 Created: 2025-04-01 Last updated: 2025-04-01Bibliographically approved

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Citrohn, BjörnStolpe, KarinBernhard, Jonte

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