liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Online support for informal carers of persons with heart failure: Focus on perceptions, development and experiences
Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1498-7021
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common condition, and its prevalence is expected to increase. The illness trajectory is unpredictable, and its effects will include a potential impact on informal carers, i.e., family, friends, and significant others. Sometimes these persons are affected by the help and care they provide in such a way that they might themselves need support. However, they may be unrecognised in their endeavours, and might also experience a lack of support, especially from healthcare. Online solutions are considered to have the potential to provide accessible support to carers that is also anticipated to be cost-effective.   

Aim: This thesis focuses on support to informal carers to persons living with HF, but also take the viewpoint of the person with HF by exploring social supports associations with their health and well-being. The overall aim was to explore perceptions, development, and experiences of online support for informal carers.  

Method: This thesis comprises four studies. Study I had a cross-sectional design using self-reported data and data from the Swedish Pace-maker and ICD Registry. Data from 1,550 persons with HF who were living with an ICD and who had complete data on the outcome variable were utilised for both descriptive analysis and logistic regression. The outcome variable, perceived social support, was measured using the questionnaire Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), which includes measuring support from significant others, family, and friends. The logistic regression was conducted to compare those dichotomised as having low/medium perceived social support to those having high levels of support. Study II had a qualitative design, and data were collected through 8 focus groups with 23 informal carers of persons with HF to explore their perceptions of how online solutions could be of value for support. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Study III had a descriptive design. It describes the co-design process of an online support pro-gramme for carers through three phases. In phase I, topics and content that reflected carers needs and preferences were identified. In phase II, the content for the support programme was developed and through phase III the content was refined and finalised. Informal carers participated in every phase, and the co-design process also involved professionals with expertise in, for example, HF and caregiving, for the development of content. It was an iterative process, moving back and forth between phases, and the re-search group acted as coordinators and ensured that carers’ voices were kept central to the process. Study IV had a qualitative design, and data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 15 carers. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study focused on informal carers' experiences of online, co-designed support pro-gramme while being participants in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that has the aim of studying the effects of engaging with the programme.  

Results: The findings show that one in five diagnosed with HF and living with an ICD reported low/medium levels of social support and that these persons had higher odds of negative psychosocial outcomes. This un-derscores the value and importance of support from informal carers for the well-being of those with HF. The thesis focused on perceptions, development, and experiences of online support for informal carers. The findings suggest that a co-designed support programme has the potential to be usable and useful for carers considering the online format and its content. It may provide insights, preparedness, and validation in relation to being a carer of a person with HF. However, carers may have an ‘ambiguous stance’ towards the online format and going online for support may not be the preferred form of support for all carers.   

Conclusion: A co-designed online support programme, when built on a trusted platform within a healthcare context, may be considered both usable and useful for carers. The online format and content also provide the potential to offer timely and adaptable support. The content, developed in a collaboration between carers and professionals, offers evidence-based, relevant information, thereby possibly avoiding seeming impersonal, which can also be beneficial. The programme acknowledges the intertwined lives of carers and those with HF, and its content reflects this, potentially also enhancing its perception as usable and useful for carers. Still, the potential of the support programme depends on carers being aware of its existence, or being made aware, and can further recognise its value. The support programme is considered to have the capacity to be relevant for a broad group of carers, and therefore efforts may be of importance to ensure it is accessed and utilised. However, it is also important to take into account that not everyone may be willing or able to go online for support, or may wish to stay in a caring role. Healthcare also needs to recognise this when offering support to carers and the online support may be regarded an option among several. 

Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är vanligt och det förväntas också öka i förekomst. Sjukdomsförloppet är oförutsägbart och konsekvenserna av hjärtsvikt kan påverka även anhöriga, det vill säga exempelvis familj, vänner och andra nära personer. Ibland påverkas dessa personer av den hjälp och vård de ger på ett sådant sätt att de själva kan behöva stöd. Det är inte alltid de uppmärksammas för de insatser de gör och de kan uppleva att de saknar stöd, särskilt från hälso- och sjukvården. Stöd till anhöriga via onlinetjänster kan uppfattas som tillgängligt och det förväntas också vara kostnadseffektivt.  

Syfte: Denna avhandling fokuserar på stöd till anhöriga till personer med hjärtsvikt, men har också visst fokus på den som lever med hjärtsvikt genom att ha utforskat socialt stöds betydelse för deras hälsa och välmående. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att utforska uppfattningar, utveckling och erfarenheter av stöd online för anhöriga.  

Metod: Denna avhandling innefattar fyra studier. Studie I hade en tvärsnittsdesign. Data från 1 550 personer med hjärtsvikt som har en implanterbar defibrillator och också fullständiga data på utfallsvariabeln användes för både beskrivande analys och logistisk regression. Utfallsvariabeln, upplevt socialt stöd, mättes med hjälp av frågeformuläret Multidi-mensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. I formuläret ställdes frågor om stöd från familj, vänner och andra nära personer. I den logistiska regressionen jämfördes de med lägre nivåer av upplevt socialt stöd med dem som hade högre nivåer av stöd. Studie II hade en kvalitativ design. Data samlades in genom 8 fokusgrupper med 23 anhöriga till personer med hjärtsvikt för att utforska deras uppfattningar om att använda onlinetjänster för stöd. Fokusgrupperna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studie III hade en beskrivande design och beskriver en co-designprocess där ett online-stöd för anhöriga utvecklades tillsammans med anhöriga. Denna process beskrevs genom tre faser. I fas I identifierades teman och innehåll som reflekterade anhörigas behov. I fas II utvecklades innehållet till stödprogrammet för att i fas III sedan förfinas och slutföras. Anhöriga deltog som experter i alla tre faser. Även professionella deltog och de hade expertis inom exempelvis hjärtsviktsvård och anhörigomsorg och bidrog genom att skapa innehåll till stödprogrammet. Utvecklingen skedde i en process och gick fram och tillbaka mellan de olika faserna. Forskargruppen hade en samordnande roll och såg till att anhörigas röster var centrala genom hela processen. Studie IV hade en kvalitativ design och data samlades in genom individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med 15 anhöriga. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien fokuserade på anhörigas erfarenheter och upplevelser av det samskapade online-stödet medan de deltog i en randomiserad kontrollerad studie, som har som syfte att ta reda på vilka effekter det kan ge att använda stödprogrammet.

Resultat: Resultatet i avhandlingen visade att en av fem personer som lever hjärtsvikt och har en implanterbar defibrillator upplevde lägre nivåer av socialt stöd. Dessa personer hade högre odds att må sämre och ha fler symptom på depression och ångest. De upplevde också oftare att de saknade kontroll i relation till sin hjärtsjukdom jämfört med dem som upplevde att de hade mer stöd. Det här understryker att stöd från anhöriga är värdefullt för personen med hjärtsvikts välmående. Avhandlingen fokuserade på uppfattningar, utveckling och erfarenheter av online-stöd för anhöriga. Resultaten från dessa studier pekade på att ett stödprogram som utvecklats tillsammans med anhöriga och andra experter kan vara användbart och till nytta för anhöriga, både för att det ligger online och med tanke på programmets innehåll. Att ta del av stödprogrammet kan också ge insikter, bekräftelse eller en känsla av att vara mer förberedd i relation till att vara anhörig till en person med hjärtsvikt. Resultaten visar dock också att anhöriga kan ha en tvetydig inställning till att gå online för stöd. Att söka stöd online kanske inte passar alla.  

Slutsats: Ett stödprogram som utvecklats genom en co-designprocess, har potential att vara användbart och till nytta för anhöriga till personer med hjärtsvikt när det byggts på en känd och betrodd plattform i en hälso- och sjukvårdskontext (1177.se). Programmet kan också erbjuda stöd som kan anpassas efter anhörigas behov, oavsett om de nyligen hamnat i en anhörigroll eller har varit anhöriga ett längre tag. Att innehållet utvecklats i samarbete mellan anhöriga och professionella, ger anhöriga evidensbaserad och relevant information som möjligen också undviker att uppfatttas som opersonlig. Stödprogrammet tar hänsyn till att anhörigas och personen med hjärtsvikts liv kan ses som ’sammanflätade’ och innehållet speglar också detta, vilket kan göra programmet ytterligare användbart. För att stödprogrammet ska kunna komma till användning så måste anhöriga vara, eller bli medvetna om att det finns. De behöver också kunna se värdet i att ta del av det. Eftersom stödprogrammet kan vara relevant för en bred grupp av anhöriga, så kan det därför vara viktigt med åtgärder som stöttar användandet. Det är dock viktigt att tänka på att alla inte vill, eller kan, söka stöd online och att det också finns personer som inte kan eller önskar ge stöd, hjälp eller vård till en närstående. Hälso- och sjukvården behöver därför också ha detta i åtanke när de erbjuder anhöriga stöd. Stödprogrammet kan kanske därför ses som ett alternativ bland flera.   

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. , p. 98
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1868
Keywords [en]
Informal carers, Heart failure, Online support, Co-design, Cross-sectional design, Qualitative design, Descriptive design
Keywords [sv]
Anhöriga, Hjärtsvikt, Online-stöd, Co-design, Tvärsnittsdesign, Kvalitativ design, Deskriptiv design.
National Category
Human Aspects of ICT
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-199170DOI: 10.3384/9789180753159ISBN: 9789180753142 (print)ISBN: 9789180753159 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-199170DiVA, id: diva2:1811654
Public defence
2023-12-15, Hasselquist, building 511, Campus US, Linköping, 09:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-11-14 Created: 2023-11-14 Last updated: 2023-11-14Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Perceived Social Support in Persons With Heart Failure Living With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Cross-sectional Explorative Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Perceived Social Support in Persons With Heart Failure Living With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Cross-sectional Explorative Study
2018 (English)In: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 0889-4655, E-ISSN 1550-5049, Vol. 33, no 6, p. E1-E8Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: The links between chronic illness, psychological well-being, and social support have previously been established. Social isolation and loneliness have shown an increased mortality risk for those with heart failure (HF). Increasingly more people with HF are living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), but only a few small-scale studies have focused on social support in this population.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore factors related to perceived social support in a large cohort of individuals with HF living with an ICD.

METHODS: All eligible adult ICD recipients in the Swedish ICD registry were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. For this analysis, those with HF and complete data on perceived social support were included (N = 1550; age, 67.3 (SD, 9.8) years; 19.5% female).

RESULTS: Most reported a high level of social support, but 18% did not. In logistic regression, living alone was the greatest predictor of low/medium support. Lower social support for those living alone was associated with poorer perceived health status, having symptoms of depression, and experiencing low perceived control. For those living with someone, lower support was associated with female gender, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and less control. Heart failure status and perceived symptom severity were not related to the outcome.

CONCLUSION: One in five participants reported low/medium social support. Our study underlines the complex relationships between perceived social support, psychological well-being and perceived control over the heart condition. Multiple aspects need to be taken into account when developing interventions to provide psychosocial support and optimize outcomes in this patient group.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154035 (URN)10.1097/JCN.0000000000000523 (DOI)000457866800001 ()30063538 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2019-01-24 Created: 2019-01-24 Last updated: 2023-11-14
2. Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology as Support for Family Members of Persons With Heart Failure: Qualitative Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology as Support for Family Members of Persons With Heart Failure: Qualitative Study
Show others...
2019 (English)In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, ISSN 1438-8871, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 21, no 7, article id e13521Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects not only the person diagnosed with the syndrome but also family members, who often have the role of informal carers. The needs of these carers are not always met, and information and communications technology (ICT) could have the potential to support them in their everyday life. However, knowledge is lacking about how family members perceive ICT and see opportunities for this technology to support them. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of ICT solutions as supportive aids among family members of persons with HF. Methods: A qualitative design was applied. A total of 8 focus groups, comprising 23 family members of persons affected by HF, were conducted between March 2015 and January 2017. Participants were recruited from 1 hospital in Sweden. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to find family members of persons with symptomatic HF from diverse backgrounds. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed 4 categories and 9 subcategories. The first category, about how ICT could provide relevant support, included descriptions of how ICT could be used for communication with health care personnel, for information and communication retrieval, plus opportunities to interact with persons in similar life situations and to share support with peers and extended family. The second category, about how ICT could provide access, entailed how ICT could offer solutions not bound by time or place and how it could be both timely and adaptable to different life situations. ICT could also provide an arena for family members to which they might not otherwise have had access. The third category concerned how ICT could be too impersonal and how it could entail limited personal interaction and individualization, which could lead to concerns about usability. It was emphasized that ICT could not replace physical meetings. The fourth category considered how ICT could be out of scope, reflecting the fact that some family members were generally uninterested in ICT and had difficulties envisioning how it could be used for support. It was also discussed as more of a solution for the future. Conclusions: Family members described multiple uses for ICT and agreed that ICT could provide access to relevant sources of information from which family members could potentially exchange support. ICT was also considered to have its limitations and was out of scope for some but with expected use in the future. Even though some family members seemed hesitant about ICT solutions in general, this might not mean they are unreceptive to suggestions about their usage in, for example, health care. Thus, a variety of factors should be considered to facilitate future implementations of ICT tools in clinical practice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC, 2019
Keywords
family; caregivers; telemedicine; perception; heart failure; social support; focus groups; qualitative research
National Category
Other Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159249 (URN)10.2196/13521 (DOI)000476841200001 ()31313662 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden [FORSS-665001]; Swedish National Science Council (VR) [K2015-99X -22124-04-4]; Swedish National Science Council/Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (VR-FORTE) [2014-4100]

Available from: 2019-08-07 Created: 2019-08-07 Last updated: 2023-11-14
3. The co-design of an online support programme with and for informal carers of people with heart failure: A methodological paper
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The co-design of an online support programme with and for informal carers of people with heart failure: A methodological paper
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Aim To describe the co-designing process of an online support programme with and for informal carers of people with heart failure.Design A co-design process built on core concepts and ideas embedded in co-design methodology.Data sources Our co-design process included three phases involving 32 informal caregivers and 25 content creators; (1) Identification of topics and content through literature searches, focus group interviews and user group sessions; (2) Development of the online support programme and; (3) Refinement and finalization which included testing a paper prototype followed by testing the online version and testing and approval of the final version of the support programme.Outcomes The co-design process resulted in a support programme consisting of 15 different modules relevant to informal carers, delivered on a National Health Portal.Conclusion Co-design is an explorative process where researchers need to balance a range of potentially conflicting factors and to ensure that the end users are genuinely included in the process.Relevance to clinical practice Emphasizing equal involvement of end users (e.g. carers or patients) in the design and development of healthcare interventions aligns with contemporary ideas of person-centred care and provides a valuable learning opportunity for those involved. Furthermore, a co-designed online support programme has the capacity to be both accessible and meet end users information and support needs, thereby optimizing their self-care abilities. Additionally, an online support programme provides the opportunity to address current challenges regarding scarce resources and the lack of healthcare personnel.Reporting methods Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).Patient or public contribution Both informal carers and content creators were involved in developing the support programme.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY, 2023
Keywords
heart diseases; informal caregiving; information and communication technology; participatory design; web-based support
National Category
Other Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197420 (URN)10.1111/jocn.16856 (DOI)001052348700001 ()37605222 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare [dnr 2014-4100]; Swedish Research Council; Familjen Kamprads stiftelse [2014-34016-113474-48]; [20210130]

Available from: 2023-09-05 Created: 2023-09-05 Last updated: 2023-11-14

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(3028 kB)40 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 3028 kBChecksum SHA-512
e64a84955ec49ee2512ff7d5e0acc799bb35e7af7318fb0c448c27fd5ff39e1d74d909d6bd6382bb2c8cea45702fdcd240a98dd138462e3c406d5f015c8e502d
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf
Order online >>

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Allemann, Hanna

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Allemann, Hanna
By organisation
Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Human Aspects of ICT

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 40 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 598 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf