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HIV-HPgV Co-Infected Individuals Display Functional MAIT and Follicular T Cells Irrespective of PD-1 Expression
Division of Infection Biology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University, Siming, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2023 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human Pegivirus (HPgV) appears to alter the clinical outcome of HIV disease by modulating T-cell homeostasis, chemokine/cytokine production, as well as by reducing T-cell activation, and proliferation to limit HIV replication. Here, we evaluated if HPgV had any ‘favorable’ impact on the quantity and quality of T cells in HIV-infected individuals. T-cell subsets such as CD4lo, CD4hi, and CD8+ T cells, CD4+ MAIT cells, CD8+ MAIT cells, follicular helper T cells (Tfh), and follicular cytotoxic T cells (Tfc) were characterized based on the expression of markers associated with immune activation (CD69, ICOS), proliferation (ki67), cytokine production (TNF-α, IFN-γ), and exhaustion (PD-1). HIV+HPgV+ individuals had lower plasma liver transaminase SGOT and GGT (biliary) than those who were HPgV-. HIV/HPgV co-infection was significantly associated with increased absolute CD4+ T-cell counts. HIV+HPgV+ and HIV+HPgV- individuals had highly activated T-cell subsets with high expression of CD69 and ICOS on bulk CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD4+ MAIT cells, CD8+ MAIT cells and CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and CXCR5+CD8+ T cells as compared to healthy controls. Irrespective of activation markers these cells also expressed higher levels of PD-1 on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells and their counterparts. However, exploring their functionality based on the mitogen stimulation demonstrated higher levels of cytokine production by CD4+ MAIT and CD8+ MAIT cells as compared to healthy controls. Decrease in absolute CD4+ T cell counts correlated positively with intracellular IFN-γ levels by CD4lo T cells, whereas increase of the same correlated inversely with TNF-α in the CD4lo T cells of HIV+HPgV+ individuals. Together, we found that HIV/HPgV co-infected individuals display functional CD4+ and CD8+ MAIT, Tfh and Tfc cells irrespective of PD-1 expression.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
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Immunology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202046DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4428766OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-202046DiVA, id: diva2:1850370
Available from: 2024-04-10 Created: 2024-04-10 Last updated: 2024-04-10Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, Marie

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