The chapter is organized into four parts. 1. Attention in infancy; 2. Attention networks, behavioral and brain aspects plus subsections on developmental disorders and how genes influence attention; 3. Aspects of attention such as novelty, memory or pupil dilation; and 4. Attention and learning which includes a comprehensive model of attention in infancy plus sections on how attention is important for learning from social interactions and for understanding intentions. The chapter ends with two brief sections, one on digital media and one on compensatory systems.