Organic wastes can be converted to value-added products using biotransformation technologies since waste disposal and the depletion of fossil fuels are major concerns. There has been a great deal of environmental pollution caused by the extraction of palm oil, which produces a large number of by-products, along with the industry’s development and economic progress. It is important to address the issue of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in order to reduce its negative environmental effects. By regenerating energy from renewable sources, such as organic residues, anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered one of the most effective technologies for organic waste treatment. Since biomass is converted to energy through inputs and outputs, questions have been raised regarding the sustainability of bioenergy pathways. Defining sustainable disposal alternatives for organic residues can be achieved by evaluating the environmental benefits associated with biogas utilization, and digestate treatment.

Biohythane has been gaining a lot of attention lately, due to its gaseous composition of biohydrogen and biomethane. In this way, biogas production from POME can be evaluated and ensured to be sustainable through a holistic and comprehensive environmental tool, such as a life cycle assessment (LCA). By providing environmentally relevant information, LCA and carbon footprint analysis proves to be an appropriate tool for supporting future investment decisions in sustainable bioenergy production.