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Microwave-Assisted Buchwald-Hartwig Double Amination: A Rapid and Promising Approach for the Synthesis of TADF Compounds
Univ Malaya, Malaysia.
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Al Qasim Green Univ, Iraq.
BSJ Inst, Peoples R China; Beijing Orienda Instrument Co Ltd, Peoples R China.
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2024 (English)In: ACS Omega, E-ISSN 2470-1343, Vol. 9, no 51, p. 50446-50457Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We herein report a microwave-assisted Buchwald-Hartwig double amination reaction to synthesize potential thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds, forming C(sp2)-N bonds between donor and acceptor units. Our approach reduces reaction times from 24 h to 10-30 min and achieves moderate to excellent yields, outperforming conventional heating methods. The method is compatible with various aryl bromides and secondary amines, including phenoxazine, phenothiazine, acridine, and carbazole. Density functional theory calculations have attributed the lack of reactivity with high energy barriers in the reductive elimination (RE) steps. Electron-withdrawing groups such as CF3 increase the RE barrier, resulting in a 0% yield, while substituting carbazole with acridine lowers the barriers and enhances higher yields. Distortion-interaction analysis highlights steric hindrance as a key factor affecting the reaction outcome when the RE barrier is low and steric hindrance is minimal. This microwave-assisted method not only demonstrates a superior performance in terms of higher yields and shorter reaction times but also offers significant potential for reducing production costs of these materials.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC , 2024. Vol. 9, no 51, p. 50446-50457
National Category
Organic Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-210742DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07563ISI: 001372864900001PubMedID: 39741864Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85211459948OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-210742DiVA, id: diva2:1926288
Note

Funding Agencies|H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [FRGS/1/2019/STG01/UM/01/1]; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia via the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme [823720]; European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [S-MIP-22-78]; Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT)

Available from: 2025-01-10 Created: 2025-01-10 Last updated: 2025-01-10

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