Conflict of interest statement

pCMV-dR8·2 dvpr was a gift from Bob Weinberg (Addgene plasmid # 8455; http://n2t.net/addgene:8455; RRID:Addgene_8455). pBOBI-FLuc was a gift from David Nemazee (Addgene plasmid # 170674; http://n2t.net/addgene:170674; RRID: Addgene_170674). We acknowledge the G2P-UK National Virology consortium funded by MRC/UKRI (grant ref: MR/W005611/1) and the Barclay Lab at Imperial College for providing the XBB.1.5 spike plasmid. We gratefully acknowledge all data contributors, ie, the authors and their originating laboratories responsible for obtaining the specimens, and their submitting laboratories that generated the genetic sequence and metadata and shared via the GISAID Initiative the data on which part of this research is based. This project was supported by funding from the Jonas and Christina af Jochnick Foundation, Region Stockholm, SciLifeLab/Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, SciLifeLab's Pandemic Laboratory Preparedness program (VC-2022–0028) and from the Erling Persson Foundation (2021 0125). DJS has served as a consultant for AstraZeneca outside this comment. All other authors declare no competing interests. UM and OB contributed equally and share first authorship; DJS and CT jointly supervised the work and share last authorship.