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NL2Plan: Robust LLM-Driven Planning from Minimal Text Descriptions
Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Computer Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. (Machine Reasoning Lab)ORCID iD: 0009-0009-0753-8704
Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Computer Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2492-9872
Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Computer Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2498-8020
2024 (English)In: ICAPS 2024 Workshop on Human-Aware and Explainable Planning (HAXP), 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Today's classical planners are powerful, but modeling input tasks in formats such as PDDL is tedious and error-prone. In contrast, planning with Large Language Models (LLMs) allows for almost any input text, but offers no guarantees on plan quality or even soundness. In an attempt to merge the best of these two approaches, some work has begun to use LLMs to automate parts of the PDDL creation process. However, these methods still require various degrees of expert input. We present NL2Plan, the first domain-agnostic offline LLM-driven planning system. NL2Plan uses an LLM to incrementally extract the necessary information from a short text prompt before creating a complete PDDL description of both the domain and the problem, which is finally solved by a classical planner. We evaluate NL2Plan on four planning domains and find that it solves 10 out of 15 tasks - a clear improvement over a plain chain-of-thought reasoning LLM approach, which only solves 2 tasks. Moreover, in two out of the five failure cases, instead of returning an invalid plan, NL2Plan reports that it failed to solve the task. In addition to using NL2Plan in end-to-end mode, users can inspect and correct all of its intermediate results, such as the PDDL representation, increasing explainability and making it an assistive tool for PDDL creation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Keywords [en]
Large Language Model, Planning, Domain Modeling, LLMs for Planning
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-215753OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-215753DiVA, id: diva2:1978316
Conference
The 34th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
Available from: 2025-06-27 Created: 2025-06-27 Last updated: 2025-06-27

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https://openreview.net/pdf?id=NmzHuV101q

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Kuhlmann, MarcoSeipp, Jendrik

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Gestrin, ElliotKuhlmann, MarcoSeipp, Jendrik
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