liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Eye in the Sky: Predicting Air Traffic Controller Workload through Eye Tracking based Machine Learning
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7804-9328
Air Nav Serv Sweden LFV, Res & Innovat, Norrköping, Sweden.
Air Nav Serv Sweden LFV, Res & Innovat, Norrköping, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43RD DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, DASC, IEEE , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper, we validate non-intrusive eyetracking and head-movement indicators for predicting workload (WL) to support an air traffic controller (ATCO) self-evaluation. This will allow, e.g., to open or close sectors under more accurate consideration of the individual's state, identifying over- and underload risk. We investigate n = 18 ATCOs during simulated working sessions with three varying traffic-load scenarios (light, moderate, heavy task load), adhering to a counterbalanced, within-subjects design. We apply non-intrusive eye tracking and the Cooper-Harper WL Rating Scale (CHS). Further, we employed a wearable electroencephalography (EEG) device optimized for monitoring WL. We evaluate the performance of five classical machine learning models across two distinct labeling tasks: CHS and EEG. For CHS labeling, the models achieve an accuracy of 84% (F1-score 72%) when classifying WL levels into three categories (low, medium, high), and 93% (F1-score 83%) when categorizing WL into two classes (low/medium, high). Similarly, for EEG labeling, the models achieve an accuracy of 86% (F1-score 77%) in the three-level WL classification and 96% (F1-score 84%) in the binary WL classification. With this, we display the potential of machine learning techniques in predicting ATCO WL solely based on eye-tracking and head-movement measures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE , 2024.
Series
IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, ISSN 2155-7195, E-ISSN 2155-7209
Keywords [en]
ATCO; Workload; Eye tracking; EEG; Machine learning
National Category
Psychology (Excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-217017DOI: 10.1109/DASC62030.2024.10749695ISI: 001453360400235Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85211211616ISBN: 9798350349610 (electronic)ISBN: 9798350349627 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-217017DiVA, id: diva2:1993389
Conference
43rd AIAA DATC/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference, San Diego, CA, sep 29-oct 03, 2024
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Transport Administration

Available from: 2025-08-29 Created: 2025-08-29 Last updated: 2025-08-29

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Lemetti, AnastasiaPolishchuk, TatianaSchmidt, Christiane
By organisation
Communications and Transport SystemsFaculty of Science & Engineering
Psychology (Excluding Applied Psychology)

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 32 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf