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Cost-Effective Routing of a Single Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Scania CV, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0808-052X
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1887-8722
2025 (English)In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE, ELSEVIER , 2025, Vol. 59, no 5, p. 31-36Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The electrification of commercial heavy-duty long-haul transport to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is projected to be the dominant technology for future transport, but it is limited by short range and long charging time. This study develops a method to optimize transport with a single BEV to be cost-effective. It formulates an optimal plan for routing, charging, speed control, and resting periods to minimize the economic cost of operation. The plan considers constraints such as customer demand, road and charging networks, vehicle limitations, time windows, and Hours of Service regulations. It is shown that the optimal plan frequently operate near empty battery making detailed energy modeling critical, and that the strategy varies significantly depending on constraints at the final destination. The vehicle can be operated to save costs, through depot charging and energy efficient speed control, or increase its utilization, through fast charging. It is proposed that for BEVs, fleet coordination will benefit from close interaction with the day-to-day operation of single vehicles. Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER , 2025. Vol. 59, no 5, p. 31-36
Keywords [en]
Electric vehicles; Electric vehicle routing problem; Route optimization; Charging strategies
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-220561DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.077ISI: 001548407700006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013464378OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-220561DiVA, id: diva2:2030638
Conference
11th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control (AAC), Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS, jun 16-18, 2025
Available from: 2026-01-21 Created: 2026-01-21 Last updated: 2026-01-21

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Johansson, SvanteJung, DanielSundström, Christofer
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CiteExportLink to record
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Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
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  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf