liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Modeling and Analysis of Hydrostatic Pockets in the Cylinder Block–Valve Plate Lubricating Interface of a Floating Piston Pump
Maha Fluid Power Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1431-0010
Maha Fluid Power Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3877-8147
2026 (English)In: International Journal of Fluid Power, ISSN 1439-9776, Vol. 27, no 1, p. 127-174Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Piston-type positive displacement machines are used across diverse applications and operating conditions, posing a critical design challenge to minimize solid-body contact while maintaining high efficiency. This study investigates the potential of hydrostatic pockets between the cylinder block and valve plate to provide dynamically and passively controlled pressure forces, mitigating contact issues at low speeds without excessive losses at high speeds.

Simulations of a baseline pump design revealed persistent solid-body contact under low-speed and high-pressure conditions, indicating the need for enhanced lubrication strategies. Retaining the baseline design, the study examined multiple hydrostatic pocket configurations through simulation, varying their location, quantity, and size. Furthermore, this study also investigates the size of the grooves, which act as constant-area orifices connecting the hydrostatic pockets and displacement chambers. Although the primary focus is on low-speed high-pressure and high-speed high-pressure scenarios, additional operating points at low-speed low-pressure, high-speed low-pressure, and medium-speed medium-pressure are also considered.

The effectiveness of each design is evaluated on the basis of film thickness, contact pressure, leakage, torque, and viscous losses under key operating conditions. The simulation results are then compared with the experimental findings reported in prior literature, and they suggest that placing the hydrostatic pockets farther from the displacement chambers leads to greater improvements, particularly in reducing leakage, minimizing viscous losses, and avoiding metal-to-metal contact. This paper seeks to deliver a better understanding of the hydrostatic pockets and the corresponding groove orifices, offering design guidance for optimizing the lubrication management for future piston-type positive displacement machines and informing strategies for improved efficiency and longevity in demanding applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
River Publishers, 2026. Vol. 27, no 1, p. 127-174
Keywords [en]
Contact, cylinder block, efficiency, hydrostatic, lubrication, piston-type pump, simulation, valve plate
National Category
Design
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-222322DOI: 10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2715ISI: 001775854500006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105038856107OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-222322DiVA, id: diva2:2049407
Note

Funding: Swedish Electromobility Centre [13070]; Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) [P2023-00594]; Linkoping University

Available from: 2026-03-30 Created: 2026-03-30 Last updated: 2026-06-10
In thesis
1. Electro-Hydraulic Energy Converters: Development of Axial Piston Machines and Their Integration with Electric Machines
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Electro-Hydraulic Energy Converters: Development of Axial Piston Machines and Their Integration with Electric Machines
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In mobile working machines, there is a trend towards replacing combustion engines with electric machines to reduce their carbon footprint. This provides several advantages and challenges for their hydraulic systems. The low efficiency of conventional hydraulic systems is no longer acceptable because of the volume and cost of batteries. Fortunately, the advantages offered by electrification can be exploited for increased system efficiency.

Electrified pump drives enable variable speed control, energy recuperation, power-on-demand, and new system architectures with flexible control. However, legacy hydraulic machines (pump/motors) were not optimised to match the electric machines’ capabilities. This thesis has two main focus areas: the development of hydraulic machines that better match the abilities of electric drives, and the integration of a hydraulic machine with an electric machine.

The electric drive places new demands on the hydraulic machine to enable more sustainable hydraulic systems: higher efficiency, a broader speed range (lower and higher speeds), multi-quadrant capability, and reduced noise. Lubrication interfaces need to be redesigned for enhanced speed capabilities, and commutation requires attention due to its influence on the noise behaviour. Variable displacement can help downsize the electric machine, but control losses should be reduced compared with conventional displacement control. This thesis aims to support developments on the above-mentioned aspects.

Commercial electro-hydraulic energy converters usually combine hydraulic and electric units by axial stacking. Alternatively, research projects consider the radial integration of the hydraulic machine within the core of the electric machine or downsizing the electric machine using a gearbox. This thesis summarises analytical sizing methods for the active parts of each concept and examines trade-offs between volumes, aspect ratios, masses, and efficiencies.

Finally, noise is a challenge for electrified hydraulic systems. This thesis provides a starting point to investigate the combined noise of hydraulic and electric machines by describing the noise contributors and harmonic frequencies of both machines. Furthermore, the hydraulic noise from different electrically driven pump setups (e.g., speed control, displacement control, multi-pump) is assessed using audio files created from simulated flow pulsations.

Abstract [sv]

Bland mobila arbetsmaskiner ersätts förbränningsmotorer av elmaskiner i allt större utsträckning. Syftet är i regel att minska maskinernas koldioxidavtryck. Elektrifieringen medför flera möjligheter och utmaningar för hydraulsystemet. Den låga verkningsgraden hos konventionella hydraulsystem är inte längre acceptabel på grund av storleken och kostnaden för batterierna som skulle krävas. Genom att nyttja elektriskt drivna pumpar (elektrohydrauliska energiomvandlare) möjliggörs varvtalsstyrning, energiåtervinning och nya systemarkitekturer med mer flexibel styrning. I dagsläget realiseras elektrohydrauliska energiomvandlare oftast genom att koppla samman konventionella hydraul- och elmaskiner som finns på marknaden. Konventionella hydraulmaskiner är dock inte optimerade för att kombineras med elmaskiner, och därför finns utrymme för förbättringar. Denna avhandling angriper två förbättringsområden: utveckling av hydraulmaskiner som bättre matchar egenskaperna hos elmaskiner, och integration av hydraulmaskiner med elmaskiner.

Elektrisk drivning ställer nya krav på hydraulmaskiner: högre verkningsgrad, ökat varvtalsområde (både till lägre och högre varvtal), minskade ljudemissioner, samt multikvadrantkapacitet för energiåtervinning och ökad system-flexibilitet. Variabelt deplacement kan också vara önskvärt då det kan minska storleksbehovet för elmaskinen, men förluster relaterade till deplacementstyrning bör minskas. Denna avhandling syftar till att stödja utvecklingen inom ovan nämnda punkter.

De elektrohydrauliska energiomvandlare som idag finns på marknaden kombinerar hydraul- och elmaskiner genom axiell stapling. Ett alternativ till detta är radiell integration av hydraulmaskinen i kärnan av elmaskinen. Ett annat alternativ är att nyttja en växellåda mellan hydraul- och elmaskinen, vilket möjliggör neddimensionering av elmaskinen. Denna avhandling sammanfattar analytiska dimensioneringsmetoder för de aktiva delarna i varje koncept och syftar till att ge insikter om avvägningarna mellan volymer, längd–diameterförhållande, massor och verkningsgrader.

Ytterligare en aspekt som behandlas i denna avhandling är det kombinerade ljudet från hydraul- och elmaskiner, ett område som ännu inte är väl undersökt. Denna avhandling syftar till att vara en utgångspunkt till detta genom att ge bakgrundsinformation om ljudkällor och harmoniska frekvenser för båda maskinerna. Vidare presenteras resultat från en enkät där det hydrauliska ljudet från olika elektriskt drivna pumpkonfigurationer (t.ex. hastighetsreglering, deplacementsreglering, multipump) har undersökts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. p. 96
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2483
Keywords
Axial piston machine, E-pump, Electrification, Electro-hydraulic energy converter, Fluid power
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-219151 (URN)10.3384/9789181182743 (DOI)9789181182736 (ISBN)9789181182743 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-11-28, ACAS, A-building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding Agencies: This thesis results from the projects "Electric motor and hydraulic pump fusion", funded by the Swedish Electromobility Centre (grant number 13070), and "E-hydraulics" as well as "E-hydraulics phase II", funded by the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten, grant numbers P2023-00594 and 50181-1). The industrial collaboration partners were Volvo Construction Equipment, Gnutti Carlo, Volvo Cars, and Epiroc Rock Drills.

Available from: 2025-10-29 Created: 2025-10-29 Last updated: 2026-03-30Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Heeger, ThomasEricson, Liselott

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Heeger, ThomasEricson, Liselott
By organisation
Fluid and Mechatronic SystemsFaculty of Science & Engineering
In the same journal
International Journal of Fluid Power
Design

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 115 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf