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Cutaneous microvascular reactivity in the foot evaluated by optical multimodal pointwise and imaging techniques and different stimuli
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7299-891X
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6385-6760
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Perimed AB, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3454-6576
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2026 (English)In: Microvascular Research, ISSN 0026-2862, E-ISSN 1095-9319, Vol. 167, article id 104987Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Skin microvascular reactivity tests for the lower extremity apply stimuli such as ankle occlusion (post-occlusive reactive hyperemia, PORH), local heating (LH), or the vasoactive drug methyl nicotinate (MN). Aim Evaluate microvascular reactivity in dorsal foot skin comparing PORH, LH and MN stimuli. Method Thirty healthy participants 20-65 years of age were enrolled in a protocol using pointwise and imaging optical techniques for perfusion and oxygen saturation. Mean values and between-subjects coefficient of variation (CV) for perfusion and oxygen saturation were compared. Results The PORH, LH and MN stimuli caused significant increases in oxygen saturation and perfusion from baseline values (p < 0.001). The oxygen saturation was higher during LH than during PORH (pointwise technique; mean 88.8% vs 79.7%; p < 0.001) and higher during MN than during PORH (imaging; 86.7% vs 77.2%; p < 0.001). Perfusion was higher during LH than during PORH (pointwise; 1.60%RBC & times; mm/s vs 0.53%RBC & times; mm/s; p < 0.001) and higher during MN than during PORH (imaging; 1.04%RBC & times; mm/s vs 0.54%RBC & times; mm/s; p < 0.001). The CV for oxygen saturation was 2.8% vs 6.3% (pointwise; LH and PORH) and 7.4% vs 6.0% (imaging; MN and PORH). Corresponding values for perfusion were >30%. Conclusion The responses in oxygen saturation and perfusion were higher during MN and LH stimuli than for PORH. A few outliers were observed after MN with a slower and lower response. Microcirculatory oxygen saturation has a lower between-subjects variation than perfusion (CV 3-7% vs >30%) during PORH, LH and MN stimuli.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE , 2026. Vol. 167, article id 104987
Keywords [en]
Skin; Microcirculation; Multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging; Multispectral imaging; Methyl nicotinate; Laser Doppler flowmetry; Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
National Category
Medical Laboratory Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-226532DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2026.104987ISI: 001827335700001PubMedID: 42437607Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105044642154OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-226532DiVA, id: diva2:2091725
Note

Funding Agencies|Linkoping University's strategy area eHealth [IPD23-0026]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [IPD23-0026]; Linkoping University School of Technology [25.17]; Sweden's Innovation Agency VINNOVA via the MedTech4Health program Analytic Imaging Diagnostic Arena (AIDA) [2227]

Available from: 2026-08-12 Created: 2026-08-12 Last updated: 2026-08-12

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Strömberg, TomasLarsson, MarcusFredriksson, IngemarHultman, Martin
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