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Asymmetric Lamellar Templating of the Perovskite/C60 Interface for Scalable Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics
Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
Inst Basic Sci, South Korea.
Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
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2026 (English)In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Scalable inverted perovskite solar cells require top interfaces that combine defect passivation with spatially uniform electron extraction as the device area increases. Low-dimensional capping layers based on bulky spacer cations can suppress surface recombination, but poorly controlled molecular packing often introduces transport barriers and local interfacial heterogeneity. Here, we introduce indol-3-ylethylammonium iodide (Ind) as a pi-electron-rich spacer cation for asymmetric lamellar templating at the perovskite/C-60 junction. The heteroatom-polarized indole framework creates lateral electrostatic anisotropy within the aromatic plane, promoting face-to-face spacer association and aligning the lamellar interphase. The resulting pi-rich lamellar interphase suppresses interfacial recombination, preserves electron extraction, and improves spatial optoelectronic uniformity in large-area devices. Ind-based devices achieve a certified efficiency of 26.94% in small-area cells and a certified module efficiency of 23.21% for a 25 cm(2) monolithic module. They further retain > 93% efficiency after 1000 h at 85 degrees C and maintain 85% of their initial efficiency after 1800 h under continuous 1-sun MPP tracking. These results identify lateral electrostatic anisotropy as a molecular design principle for scalable perovskite/C-60 top interfaces.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH , 2026.
Keywords [en]
asymmetric spacer cations; electron extraction; inverted perovskite solar cells; lamellar interphases; large-area modules; lateral electrostatic anisotropy; molecular templating
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-226557DOI: 10.1002/adma.74316ISI: 001836422000001PubMedID: 42530419Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105046179100OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-226557DiVA, id: diva2:2091968
Note

Funding Agencies|Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning [RS-2024-00457537]; Ministry of Science and ICT of the Republic of Korea (MSIT) [KH1150]; National Research Foundation of Korea [RS-2024-00412909, RS-2025-00514103]

Available from: 2026-08-13 Created: 2026-08-13 Last updated: 2026-08-13

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Kim, Juhyeon
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Electronic and photonic materialsFaculty of Science & Engineering
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