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  • 1.
    Abafogi, Abdurhaman Teyib
    et al.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea.
    Kim, Jaewon
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea.
    Lee, Jinyeop
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea.
    Mohammed, Merem Omer
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea.
    van Noort, Danny
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Ljubljana, Slovenia; Univ Ingn and Tecnol UTEC, Peru.
    Park, Sungsu
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, South Korea.
    3D-Printed Modular Microfluidic Device Enabling Preconcentrating Bacteria and Purifying Bacterial DNA in Blood for Improving the Sensitivity of Molecular Diagnostics2020In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, SENSORS, Vol. 20, no 4, article id 1202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular diagnostics for sepsis is still a challenge due to the presence of compounds that interfere with gene amplification and bacteria at concentrations lower than the limit of detection (LOD). Here, we report on the development of a 3D printed modular microfluidic device (3Dpm mu FD) that preconcentrates bacteria of interest in whole blood and purifies their genomic DNA (gDNA). It is composed of a W-shaped microchannel and a conical microchamber. Bacteria of interest are magnetically captured from blood in the device with antibody conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (Ab-MNPs) at 5 mL/min in the W-shaped microchannel, while purified gDNA of the preconcentrated bacteria is obtained with magnetic silica beads (MSBs) at 2 mL/min in the conical microchamber. The conical microchamber was designed to be connected to the microchannel after the capturing process using a 3D-printed rotary valve to minimize the exposure of the MSBs to interfering compounds in blood. The pretreatment process of spiked blood (2.5 mL) can be effectively completed within about 50 min. With the 3Dpm mu FD, the LOD for the target microorganism Escherichia coli O157:H7 measured by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with electrophoresis and quantitative PCR was 10 colony forming unit (CFU) per mL of whole blood. The results suggest that our method lowers the LOD of molecular diagnostics for pathogens in blood by providing bacterial gDNA at high purity and concentration.

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  • 2.
    Acevedo, Juan Pablo
    et al.
    Univ Los Andes, Chile; Cells Cells, Chile.
    Angelopoulos, Ioannis
    Univ Los Andes, Chile; Cells Cells, Chile.
    van Noort, Danny
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Los Andes, Chile.
    Khoury, Maroun
    Univ Los Andes, Chile; Cells Cells, Chile; Consorcio Regenero, Chile.
    Microtechnology applied to stem cells research and development2018In: Regenerative Medicine, ISSN 1746-0751, E-ISSN 1746-076X, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 233-248Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microfabrication and microfluidics contribute to the research of cellular functions of cells and their interaction with their environment. Previously, it has been shown that microfluidics can contribute to the isolation, selection, characterization and migration of cells. This review aims to provide stem cell researchers with a toolkit of microtechnology (mT) instruments for elucidating complex stem cells functions which are challenging to decipher with traditional assays and animal models. These microdevices are able to investigate about the differentiation and niche interaction, stem cells transcriptomics, therapeutic functions and the capture of their secreted microvesicles. In conclusion, microtechnology will allow a more realistic assessment of stem cells properties, driving and accelerating the translation of regenerative medicine approaches to the clinic.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kågedal, Bertil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Monitoring of troponin release from cardiomyocytes during exposure to toxic substances using surface plasmon resonance biosensing2010In: ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, ISSN 1618-2642, Vol. 398, no 3, p. 1395-1402Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Troponin T (TnT) is a useful biomarker for studying drug-induced toxicity effects on cardiac cells. We describe how a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was applied to monitor the release of TnT from active HL-1 cardiomyocytes in vitro when exposed to cardiotoxic substances. Two monoclonal human TnT antibodies were compared in the SPR immunosensor to analyse the TnT release. The detection limit of TnT was determined to be 30 ng/ml in a direct assay set-up and to be 10 ng/ml in a sandwich assay format. Exposure of the cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin, troglitazone, quinidine and cobalt chloride for periods of 6 and 24 h gave significant SPR responses, whereas substances with low toxicity showed insignificant effects (ascorbic acid, methotrexate). The SPR results were verified with a validated immunochemiluminescence method which showed a correlation of r(2)=0.790.

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    FULLTEXT02
  • 4.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Steel, Daniella
    Cellartis AB, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Asp, Julia
    University of Gothenburg.
    Dahlenborg, Kerstin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jonsson, Marianne
    University of Gothenburg.
    Jeppsson, Anders
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Lindahl, Anders
    University of Gothenburg.
    Kågedal, Bertil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Cellartis AB, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Assaying cardiac biomarkers for toxicity testing using biosensing and cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells2010In: JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, ISSN 0168-1656, Vol. 150, no 1, p. 175-181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived cardiomyocytes are in the present study being used for testing drug-induced cardiotoxicity in a biosensor set-up. The design of an in vitro testing alternative provides a novel opportunity to surpass previous methods based on rodent cells or cell lines due to its significantly higher toxicological relevance. In this report we demonstrate how hESC-derived cardiomyocytes release detectable levels of two clinically decisive cardiac biomarkers, cardiac troponin T and fatty acid binding protein 3, when the cardiac cells are exposed to the well-known cardioactive drug compound. doxorubicin. The release is monitored by the immuno-biosensor technique surface plasmon resonance, particularly appropriate due to its capacity for parallel and high-throughput analysis in complex media.

  • 5.
    Arding, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sensory evaluation and quality assessment of an alternative inner coating film in yogurt cartons2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The dairy food industry is continuously striving towards products with higher quality and longer shelf-life available to the customer at low prices. Arla Foods in Linköping, Sweden, is currently investigating the possibilities of changing the material in yogurt packaging containers by replacing the currently used carton with a different and cheaper alternative. A successful switch will give the company an economical advantage without affecting the sensory attributes (smell, taste, sight, and consistency), aroma profile or other important trademarks of the yogurt. This study is designed to examine and compare yogurt that has been stored in different packaging cartons, one coated with a single-layered low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and one coated with a currently used multi-layered ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH).

    The study was based on the analysis and measurement of sensory attributes performed by experts, physical properties in laboratory and chemical composition in GC-FID/MS together with a discriminative test where a group of people would identify any difference between the yogurts. Together, these analyses would provide an explanation about any differences between the packaging materials by connecting physical, chemical and/or sensory characteristics. The collected results would give a better and more comprehensive picture than each analysis would do separately.

    The results from the study show that there is a difference between yogurts stored in LDPE-based containers and yogurts stored in EVOH-based containers and that the product was chemically affected, mainly by the level of oxygen in contact with the food. The overall assessment is that the largest difference was discovered in the taste.

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    frear250-master-thesis-report
  • 6.
    Aronsson, Christopher
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jury, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Naeimipour, Sajjad
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rasti Boroojeni, Fatemeh
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Skovde, Sweden.
    Lifwergren, Philip
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Selegård, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Aili, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dynamic peptide-folding mediated biofunctionalization and modulation of hydrogels for 4D bioprinting2020In: Biofabrication, ISSN 1758-5082, E-ISSN 1758-5090, Vol. 12, no 3, article id 035031Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydrogels are used in a wide range of biomedical applications, including three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, cell therapy and bioprinting. To enable processing using advanced additive fabrication techniques and to mimic the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the properties of the hydrogels must be possible to tailor and change over time with high precision. The design of hydrogels that are both structurally and functionally dynamic, while providing necessary mechanical support is challenging using conventional synthesis techniques. Here, we show a modular and 3D printable hydrogel system that combines a robust but tunable covalent bioorthogonal cross-linking strategy with specific peptide-folding mediated interactions for dynamic modulation of cross-linking and functionalization. The hyaluronan-based hydrogels were covalently cross-linked by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition using multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol). In addition, ade novodesigned helix-loop-helix peptide was conjugated to the hyaluronan backbone to enable specific peptide-folding modulation of cross-linking density and kinetics, and hydrogel functionality. An array of complementary peptides with different functionalities was developed and used as a toolbox for supramolecular tuning of cell-hydrogel interactions and for controlling enzyme-mediated biomineralization processes. The modular peptide system enabled dynamic modifications of the properties of 3D printed structures, demonstrating a novel route for design of more sophisticated bioinks for four-dimensional bioprinting.

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  • 7.
    Axelsson, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    A Functional Food Bar Rich in Sulforaphane to Aid Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels Among T2D2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The project’s main goal was to compose a sulforaphane (SF) enriched functional food bar recipe and prototype as an in-between-snack to aid blood glucose regulation among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The antioxidant SF have by research proved beneficial reducing high blood glucose levels by alteration of hepatic glucose production. In order to compare different recipe alternative, and ensure work quality and efficiency, an iterative biomechatronic design methodology was applied.

    The project includes a literature study to define project requirements as well as practical experiments to test recipe alternatives. Recipe alternatives was developed on the basis of abovementioned literature, previous research within Lantmännen and a close dialogue with expert design team.

    Main results being a SF rich functional food bar prototype produced by practical experiments, which recipe meet project requirement. However, the project concludes that further research and analysis is necessary in order to ensure desired levels of SF and by so a product with an equal effect as today’s broccoli powder. Future work includes research and studies regarding stability and degradation of SF in the supplied broccoli powder.

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  • 8. Bachinger, T.
    et al.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Physiologically motivated monitoring of fermentation processes by means of an electronic nose2001In: Chemical Engineering & Technology, ISSN 0930-7516, E-ISSN 1521-4125, Vol. 24, no 7, p. 33-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An on-line approach of non-invasive monitoring of the physiological changes in fermentation processes is presented. In yeast batch and bacterial fed-batch fermentations it is shown that metabolic state changes can be revealed using an electronic nose. The transient responses of the gas sensors to the changes in the composition of the volatiles emitted from the cell cultures during fermentation are used to retrieve a semi-quantitative representation of the physiological state of the cultures. With the sensor responses of the electronic nose it is shown that physiological variables such as rates of growth, substrate uptake and product formation can be depicted. The non-invasive method thus seems as a pertinent alternative to conventional bioreactor monitoring methods.

  • 9. Bachinger, T.
    et al.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Striedner, G.
    Clementschitsch, F.
    Dürrschmid, E.
    Cserjan-Puschmann, M.
    Doblhoff-Dier, O.
    Bayer, K.
    Non-invasive detection of the metabolic burden on recombinant microorganisms during fermentation processes2001In: Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986), ISSN 0268-2575, E-ISSN 1097-4660, Vol. 76, p. 885-889Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10. Bachinger, T.
    et al.
    Riese, U.
    Eriksson, R.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Electronic nose for estimation of product concentration in mammalian cell cultivation2000In: Bioprocess engineering (Berlin. Print), ISSN 0178-515X, E-ISSN 1432-0797, Vol. 23, no 6, p. 637-642Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The off-gas composition from perfusion cultivation of a CHO-cell line producing recombinant human blood coagulation Factor VIII is monitored with an electronic nose. It is shown that the electronic nose in combination with an artificial neural network can be used for on-line estimation of the Factor VIII concentration in production-scale cultivations. The obtained prediction error (1s) for the Factor VIII concentration was 1.1 IU/ml. The potential of the electronic nose for estimation of viable cell count is outlined in laboratory-scale Factor VIII cultivations. The obtained prediction error (1s) for the viable cell count was 0.4 ╫ 106 cells/ml. The results show that this non-invasive method is potentially useful for on-line bioprocess monitoring.

  • 11. Bachinger, T.
    et al.
    Riese, U.
    Cell Culture Production, Pharmacia and Upjohn Inc., S-112 87, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksson, R.
    Cell Culture Production, Pharmacia and Upjohn Inc., S-112 87, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Monitoring cellular state transitions in a production-scale CHO-cell process using an electronic nose2000In: Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0168-1656, E-ISSN 1873-4863, Vol. 76, no 1, p. 61-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An electronic nose is used to monitor the bioreactor off-gas composition in perfused cultivations of a CHO-cell line producing recombinant human blood coagulation factor VIII. The applicability of the electronic nose for monitoring cellular state transitions and process control is explained. It is shown that the instrument can reveal characteristic process states related to product and lactate formation, and detect microbial infections in a very early stage of the infection. The visualization of ideal process conditions is realized by using principal component analysis (PCA) and the on-line applicability of this method is outlined. The results illustrate the potential of the electronic nose as on-line sensor for ensuring product and process quality in production-scale bioprocesses. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.An electronic nose is used to monitor the bioreactor off-gas composition in perfused cultivations of a CHO-cell line producing recombinant human blood coagulation factor VIII. The applicability of the electronic nose for monitoring cellular state transitions and process control is explained. It is shown that the instrument can reveal characteristic process states related to product and lactate formation, and detect microbial infections in a very early stage of the infection. The visualization of ideal process conditions is realized by using principal component analysis (PCA) and the on-line applicability of this method is outlined. The results illustrate the potential of the electronic nose as on-line sensor for ensuring product and process quality in production-scale bioprocesses.

  • 12. Bachinger, T.
    et al.
    Riese, U.
    Cell Culture Production, Pharmacia AB, S-112 87 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksson, R.K.
    Cell Culture Production, Pharmacia AB, S-112 87 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Gas sensor arrays for early detection of infection in mammalian cell culture2002In: Biosensors & bioelectronics, ISSN 0956-5663, E-ISSN 1873-4235, Vol. 17, no 5, p. 395-403Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The detection of bacterial infections in a mammalian cell culture process is realised using a gas sensor array. In production-scale and laboratory-scale cultivations of a perfused recombinant CHO-cell culture producing human blood coagulation Factor VIII, we show that the gas sensor array identifies bacterial contamination earlier than conventional methods. The sensitivity of the instrument is verified by inoculation of a blank cell culture medium with defined bacterial cell counts. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 13. Bachinger, Th
    et al.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Searching for process information in the aroma of cell cultures2000In: Trends in Biotechnology, ISSN 0167-7799, E-ISSN 1879-3096, Vol. 18, no 12, p. 494-500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aroma emissions from living cells can provide valuable information about the metabolic and physiological condition of those cells. Electronic noses are chemical gas-sensor arrays that use artificial neural network models to evaluate aromas. They can interpret the complex aroma information emitted from cultures of bacteria, yeast cells and animal cells. Potential applications for electronic noses range from medical diagnosis to industrial bioprocessing. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

  • 14.
    Bengtsson, Katarina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. LunaMicro AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Robinson, Nathaniel D
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. LunaMicro AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    A clip-on electroosmotic pump for oscillating flow in microfluidic cell culture devices2018In: Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, ISSN 1613-4982, E-ISSN 1613-4990, Vol. 22, no 3, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent advances in microfluidic devices put a high demand on small, robust and reliable pumps suitable for high-throughput applications. Here we demonstrate a compact, low-cost, directly attachable (clip-on) electroosmotic pump that couples with standard Luer connectors on a microfluidic device. The pump is easy to make and consists of a porous polycarbonate membrane and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. The soft electrode and membrane materials make it possible to incorporate the pump into a standard syringe filter holder, which in turn can be attached to commercial chips. The pump is less than half the size of the microscope slide used for many commercial lab-on-a-chip devices, meaning that these pumps can be used to control fluid flow in individual reactors in highly parallelized chemistry and biology experiments. Flow rates at various electric current and device dimensions are reported. We demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the pump for biological experiments by exposing endothelial cells to oscillating shear stress (up to 5 dyn/cm2) and by controlling the movement of both micro- and macroparticles, generating steady or oscillatory flow rates up to ± 400 μL/min.

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  • 15.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Flow Cytometry Sensor System Targeting Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Faecal Contamination of Water Sources2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Poor water quality is a global health concern affecting one billion people around the world. It is important to monitor water sources in order to maintain the quality of our drinking water and to avoid disease outbreaks. Targeting Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator is a widely used procedure, but the current methods are time consuming and not adequate to prevent spreading of faecal influence.

     

    This Master thesis demonstrates the development of a near infrared fluorescence flow cytometer sensor system targeting Escherichia coli, using fluorescently labeled chicken IgY antibodies. The near infrared light was chosen to avoid fluorescence from blue-green algae that are present in the water source.

     

    The hardware was developed with a 785  nm laser line to detect Alexa Fluor 790 labeled antibodies, using a photomultiplier tube or two different CMOS cameras. The antibodies were labeled using a commercial labeling kit, and evaluated using antibody binding assays and the developed hardware.

     

    The IgY antibodies were successfully labeled with Alexa Fluor 790 and the function was maintained after the labeling process. The result demonstrates the principles of the sensor system and how it solved to the problem with fluorescence from blue-green algae. An aperture was used to overcome the suboptimal laser and filter setup, and to increase the sensitivity of the system. However, only a small fraction of the cells could be detected, due to challenges with the focal depth and loss of sensitivity in the photomultiplier tube at near infrared wavelengths. Further development is required to create a working product.

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    Flow Cytometry Sensor System Targeting Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Faecal Contamination of Water Sources
  • 16.
    Berg, Sofia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Biology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Christianou, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Research centre for Systems Biology, Univ. of Skövde, Sweden.
    Ebenman, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Biology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Using sensitivity analysis to identify keystone species and keystone links in size-based food webs2011In: Oikos, ISSN 0030-1299, E-ISSN 1600-0706, Vol. 120, no 4, p. 510-519Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human-induced alterations in the birth and mortality rates of species and in the strength of interactions within and between species can lead to changes in the structure and resilience of ecological communities. Recent research points to the importance of considering the distribution of body sizes of species when exploring the response of communities to such perturbations. Here, we present a new size-based approach for assessing the sensitivity and elasticity of community structure (species equilibrium abundances) and resilience (rate of return to equilibrium) to changes in the intrinsic growth rate of species and in the strengths of species interactions. We apply this approach on two natural systems, the pelagic communities of the Baltic Sea and Lake Vättern, to illustrate how it can be used to identify potential keystone species and keystone links. We find that the keystone status of a species is closely linked to its body size. The analysis also suggests that communities are structurally and dynamically more sensitive to changes in the effects of prey on their consumers than in the effects of consumers on their prey. Moreover, we discuss how community sensitivity analysis can be used to study and compare the fragility of communities with different body size distributions by measuring the mean sensitivity or elasticity over all species or all interaction links in a community. We believe that the community sensitivity analysis developed here holds some promise for identifying species and links that are critical for the structural and dynamic robustness of ecological communities.

  • 17. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Bergström, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Exploring the SPR methodology for monitoring of critical attributes in toxicity testing and bioproduction2012Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Analysis of biological components is central in bioprocess monitoring, process control, product quality control and cell based toxicity assaying. One of these themes that is pursued in this thesis is the use of biosensors for monitoring of molecular markers, exploiting the natural selectivity of biomolecules. Another is the use of glycoconjugates to monitor the activity of biomolecules in a flu vaccine process is studied and were the sensor is based on the concept of weak affinity giving fast response time for the sensor.

    A third theme is monitoring of cell cultures used for toxicity testing different protein markers is of interest.

    When developing biosensor surfaces for new antigens commercial preparations of antibodies are often used. In this work we have chosen to look at lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and describe the preparation and characterisation of antibody used in biosensor surface development.

    The design of a sensor surface is important for the characteristics of a sensor. By binding antibodies in an oriented manner to the surface a better control of the properties of the antibodies is achieved. The demonstrated method also has the advantage of in situ purification and provides a flexible platform for antibody evaluation and sensor development.

    In one sentence this thesis explores the possibility of utilizing recognition elements of a biosensor surface. In particular, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used as the primary biosensing tool, however most findings in are relevant for other biosensors.

    Moreover, the thesis approaches existing bioanalytical impediments, such as purity and accessibility of the recognition elements on the sensor surface and preparation strategies to achieve this.

    List of papers
    1. Monitoring of influenza virus hemagglutinin in process samples using weak affinity ligands and surface plasmon resonance
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Monitoring of influenza virus hemagglutinin in process samples using weak affinity ligands and surface plasmon resonance
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    2008 (English)In: Analytica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0003-2670, E-ISSN 1873-4324, Vol. 623, p. 66-75Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to screen the interaction between a variety of affinity ligands and hemagglutinin (HA) from human influenza virus, with the aim of identifying low affinity ligands useful for the development of a rapid bioanalytical sensor. Three sialic acid-based structures and four lectins were evaluated as sensor ligands. The sialic acid-based ligands included a natural sialic acid-containing glycoprotein, human α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP), and two synthetic 6′-sialyllactose-conjugates, with varying degree of substitution. The interaction of HA with the four lectin-based ligands, concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), showed a wide variation of affinity strengths. Affinity and kinetics data were estimated. Strong affinities were observed for Con A, WGA, α1-AGP, and a 6′-sialyllactose-conjugate with a high substitution degree, and low affinities were observed for MAL and a 6′-sialyllactose-conjugate with low substitution.

    The main objective, to identify a low affinity ligand which could be used for on-line monitoring and product quantification, was met by a 6′-sialyllactose–ovalbumin conjugate that had 0.6 mol ligand per mol carrier protein. The apparent affinity of this ligand was estimated to be 1.5 ± 0.03 μM (KD) on the SPR surface. Vaccine process samples containing HA were analyzed in the range 10–100 μg HA mL−1 and correlated with single-radial immunodiffusion. The coefficient of variation on the same chip was between 0.010 and 0.091.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2008
    Keywords
    Influenza virus hemagglutinin; Affinity ligand; Surface plasmon resonance; Low affinity; Weak affinity
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-44210 (URN)10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.005 (DOI)76040 (Local ID)76040 (Archive number)76040 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    2. Initial development towards in vitro toxicity assay for lactate dehydrogenase using surface plasmon resonance
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Initial development towards in vitro toxicity assay for lactate dehydrogenase using surface plasmon resonance
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Work with initial development towards in vitro toxicity assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using surface plasmon resonance is described. LDH is one of the important versatile biomarkers in in vitro hepatotoxicity. In this report LDH is detected by surface plasmon resonance using antibodies directly immobilized to the sensor surface. The assay is further extended with protein G immobilized to the surface to capture the antibody ligand. This has the advantage of simultaneously and on site purify and orient antibody ligand.

    Keywords
    Lactate dehydrogenase, surface plasmon resonance, in vitro toxicity, biosensor, protein G
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73409 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-01-03 Created: 2012-01-03 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    3. Orientation and capturing of antibody affinity ligands: Applications to surface plasmon resonance biochips
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Orientation and capturing of antibody affinity ligands: Applications to surface plasmon resonance biochips
    2011 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 158, no 1, p. 265-270Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip with immobilized protein G was used for simultaneously capturing, purifying and orienting antibody ligands. The ligands were further stabilized by chemical cross-linking. This procedure of designing the sensor chip improved efficient use of the ligands and could prolong the analytical use. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure was evaluated on standard dextran-coated sensor chips onto which commercial semi-purified antibodies towards human serum albumin and human troponin where captured and used for analysing their antigens. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure demonstrates a general design approach for presenting the biorecognition element on a biosensor surface which enhances sensitivity, stability and selectivity at the same time as an impure ligand is purified.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2011
    Keywords
    Biosensor, Affinity interaction, SPR, Biacore, Protein G, Sensor chip
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71770 (URN)10.1016/j.snb.2011.06.017 (DOI)000295500200037 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|European Commission|LSHB-CT-2007-037636|

    Available from: 2011-11-04 Created: 2011-11-04 Last updated: 2019-01-22
    Download full text (pdf)
    Exploring the SPR methodology for monitoring of critical attributes in toxicity testing and bioproduction
    Download (pdf)
    omslag
  • 18.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Microfluidic biosensor systems for cardiotoxicity assaying2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Toxicity screening is an important part of pharmaceutical development and early detection of toxic side effects provide the opportunity for early redesign or termination of unfeasible projects. Today toxicity testing is relying on experiments on animals. Ethical concerns, high costs and problems with interspecies variability in animal experiments have introduced incentives for cell-based toxicity assays. The recent development of stem cell technology have raised the hope for toxicity testing with higher predictivity that can reduce the amount of animals sacrificed, increase the patient safety and reduce the costs in pharmaceutical development.

    Cell development and behavior is to a large extent dependent on the microenvironment. Microfluidic techniques can be used to build small-sized structures that provide the opportunity to introduce a high degree of control of the cell culture environment with features in cell sizes. In this thesis is demonstrated two different methods for infusing cells into microfluidic cell culture devices using either cells clustered in cardiac bodies during differentiation or cells pre-seeded in microporous carriers prior to infusion.

    Microfluidic cell culture devices are well suited for optical  evaluation. Demonstrated in this thesis is fluorescent staining in combination with confocal microscopy as well as automated imaging with evaluation of beating frequency of cardiomyocyte cell clusters can be used to assess toxicity of cells cultured in microfluidic devices.

    Biosensors use biological recognition elements to measure the presence of a chemical substance, for example low concentrations of biomarkers secreted by cells in a toxicity assay. Especially capacitive biosensors have shown very low limit of detection. In addition, protein G is demonstrated as an affinity ligand to capture IgG antibodies used as recognition element in a biosensor application or used for antibody screening.

    List of papers
    1. Orientation and capturing of antibody affinity ligands: Applications to surface plasmon resonance biochips
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Orientation and capturing of antibody affinity ligands: Applications to surface plasmon resonance biochips
    2011 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 158, no 1, p. 265-270Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip with immobilized protein G was used for simultaneously capturing, purifying and orienting antibody ligands. The ligands were further stabilized by chemical cross-linking. This procedure of designing the sensor chip improved efficient use of the ligands and could prolong the analytical use. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure was evaluated on standard dextran-coated sensor chips onto which commercial semi-purified antibodies towards human serum albumin and human troponin where captured and used for analysing their antigens. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure demonstrates a general design approach for presenting the biorecognition element on a biosensor surface which enhances sensitivity, stability and selectivity at the same time as an impure ligand is purified.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2011
    Keywords
    Biosensor, Affinity interaction, SPR, Biacore, Protein G, Sensor chip
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71770 (URN)10.1016/j.snb.2011.06.017 (DOI)000295500200037 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|European Commission|LSHB-CT-2007-037636|

    Available from: 2011-11-04 Created: 2011-11-04 Last updated: 2019-01-22
    2. Macroporous microcarriers for introducing cells into a microfluidic chip
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Macroporous microcarriers for introducing cells into a microfluidic chip
    2014 (English)In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 14, no 18, p. 3502-3504Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Macroporous gelatin beads (CultiSpher™ microcarriers) provide a convenient method for rapidly and reliably introducing cells cultured ex situ into a microfluidic device, where the spheres create a 3D environment for continued cell proliferation. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique with a proof-of-concept viability analysis of cardiac cells after treatment with doxorubicin. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014
    National Category
    Biological Sciences Physical Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109971 (URN)10.1039/c4lc00693c (DOI)000340474300008 ()25068539 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84905837163 (Scopus ID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 2008-7537 2011-6404
    Note

    Acknowledgements

    The primary embryonic cardiomyocytes were provided byJordi Altimiras, Department of Physics, Chemistry andBiology, Linköping University. The authors thank the SwedishResearch Council (Vetenskapsrådet) for fundingviagrants 2008-7537 and 2011-6404

    Available from: 2014-08-29 Created: 2014-08-29 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    3. Capacitive biosensor for detection of toxicity biomarkers
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Capacitive biosensor for detection of toxicity biomarkers
    2015 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Microfluidic devices are rapidly gaining importance for in vitro toxicity testing. Biomarker detection in microfluidic assays are however challenging due to small sample sizes and low analyte concentration. Capacitive electrochemical biosensors have been reported to have high sensitivity and properties that are amenable for implementation into microfluidic devices.

    In this work a biosensor application for troponin T (TnT) is presented. The sensor showed linear response to analyte over five orders of magnitude with the lowest detectable signal at 10-13 M. The sensor proved to be able to detect TnT spiked in cell culture media at concentrations relevant for cell cultures.

    National Category
    Biological Sciences Physical Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118293 (URN)
    Available from: 2015-05-26 Created: 2015-05-26 Last updated: 2019-01-22
    4. Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging
    Show others...
    2015 (English)In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 15, no 15, p. 3242-3249Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Beating in vivo-like human cardiac bodies (CBs) were used in a microfluidic device for testing cardiotoxicity. The CBs, cardiomyocyte cell clusters derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, exhibited typical structural and functional properties of the native human myocardium. The CBs were captured in niches along a perfusion channel in the device. Video imaging was utilized for automatic monitoring of the beating frequency of each individual CB. The device allowed assessment of cardiotoxic effects on the 3D clustered cardiomyocytes from the drug substances doxorubicin, verapamil and quinidine. Beating frequency data recorded over a period of 6 hours are presented and compared to literature data. The results indicate that this microfluidic setup with imaging of CB characteristics provides a new opportunity for label-free, non-invasive investigation of toxic effects in a 3D microenvironment.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015
    National Category
    Biological Sciences Physical Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118294 (URN)10.1039/c5lc00449g (DOI)000358022900017 ()
    Available from: 2015-05-26 Created: 2015-05-26 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    Download (pdf)
    omslag
    Download (jpg)
    presentationsbild
  • 19.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schwanke, Kristin
    Hannover Medical School, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs -LEBAO-, Hannover, Germany.
    Zweigerdt, Robert
    Hannover Medical School, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs -LEBAO-, Hannover, Germany.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging2015In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 15, no 15, p. 3242-3249Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Beating in vivo-like human cardiac bodies (CBs) were used in a microfluidic device for testing cardiotoxicity. The CBs, cardiomyocyte cell clusters derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, exhibited typical structural and functional properties of the native human myocardium. The CBs were captured in niches along a perfusion channel in the device. Video imaging was utilized for automatic monitoring of the beating frequency of each individual CB. The device allowed assessment of cardiotoxic effects on the 3D clustered cardiomyocytes from the drug substances doxorubicin, verapamil and quinidine. Beating frequency data recorded over a period of 6 hours are presented and compared to literature data. The results indicate that this microfluidic setup with imaging of CB characteristics provides a new opportunity for label-free, non-invasive investigation of toxic effects in a 3D microenvironment.

  • 20.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Kuusk, Ave
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Capacitive biosensor for detection of toxicity biomarkers2015Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Microfluidic devices are rapidly gaining importance for in vitro toxicity testing. Biomarker detection in microfluidic assays are however challenging due to small sample sizes and low analyte concentration. Capacitive electrochemical biosensors have been reported to have high sensitivity and properties that are amenable for implementation into microfluidic devices.

    In this work a biosensor application for troponin T (TnT) is presented. The sensor showed linear response to analyte over five orders of magnitude with the lowest detectable signal at 10-13 M. The sensor proved to be able to detect TnT spiked in cell culture media at concentrations relevant for cell cultures.

  • 21.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Initial development towards in vitro toxicity assay for lactate dehydrogenase using surface plasmon resonanceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Work with initial development towards in vitro toxicity assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using surface plasmon resonance is described. LDH is one of the important versatile biomarkers in in vitro hepatotoxicity. In this report LDH is detected by surface plasmon resonance using antibodies directly immobilized to the sensor surface. The assay is further extended with protein G immobilized to the surface to capture the antibody ligand. This has the advantage of simultaneously and on site purify and orient antibody ligand.

  • 22.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Orientation and capturing of antibody affinity ligands: Applications to surface plasmon resonance biochips2011In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 158, no 1, p. 265-270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip with immobilized protein G was used for simultaneously capturing, purifying and orienting antibody ligands. The ligands were further stabilized by chemical cross-linking. This procedure of designing the sensor chip improved efficient use of the ligands and could prolong the analytical use. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure was evaluated on standard dextran-coated sensor chips onto which commercial semi-purified antibodies towards human serum albumin and human troponin where captured and used for analysing their antigens. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe procedure demonstrates a general design approach for presenting the biorecognition element on a biosensor surface which enhances sensitivity, stability and selectivity at the same time as an impure ligand is purified.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Nilsson, K.
    Percell Biolytica AB, Åstorp, Sweden.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Robinson, Nathaniel D
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Macroporous microcarriers for introducing cells into a microfluidic chip2014In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 14, no 18, p. 3502-3504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Macroporous gelatin beads (CultiSpher™ microcarriers) provide a convenient method for rapidly and reliably introducing cells cultured ex situ into a microfluidic device, where the spheres create a 3D environment for continued cell proliferation. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique with a proof-of-concept viability analysis of cardiac cells after treatment with doxorubicin. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.

  • 24.
    Bisson, Isabelle
    et al.
    Guys Hospital, England.
    Green, Emma
    Guys Hospital, England.
    Sharpe, Michaela
    Guys Hospital, England.
    Herbert, Chris
    Guys Hospital, England.
    Hyllner, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Guys Hospital, England.
    Mount, Natalie
    Guys Hospital, England.
    Landscape of current and emerging cell therapy clinical trials in the UK: current status, comparison to global trends and future perspectives2015In: Regenerative Medicine, ISSN 1746-0751, E-ISSN 1746-076X, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 169-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cell Therapy Clinical Trial and Preclinical Research databases have been established by the Cell Therapy Catapult to document current and future cell therapy clinical trials in the UK. We identified 41 ongoing trials in April 2014, an increase of seven trials from April 2013. In addition, we identified 45 late-stage preclinical research projects. The majority of the clinical trials are early phase, primarily led by academic groups. The leading therapeutic areas are cancer, cardiology and neurology. The trends in the UK are also seen globally. As the field matures, more later phase and commercial studies will emerge and the challenges will likely evolve into how to manufacture sufficient cell quantities, manage complex logistics for multi-center trials and control cost.

  • 25.
    Borestrom, Cecilia
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Simonsson, Stina
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Enochson, Lars
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Bigdeli, Narmin
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Brantsing, Camilla
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Ellerstrom, Catharina
    Cellectis Biores, Sweden .
    Hyllner, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lindahl, Anders
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Footprint-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Articular Cartilage With Redifferentiation Capacity: A First Step Toward a Clinical-Grade Cell Source2014In: STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, ISSN 2157-6564, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 433-447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are potential cell sources for regenerative medicine; however, clinical applications of iPSCs are restricted because of undesired genomic modifications associated with most reprogramming protocols. We show, for the first time, that chondrocytes from autologous chondrocyte implantation (Ad) donors can be efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs using a nonintegrating method based on mRNA delivery, resulting in footprint-free iPSCs (no genome-sequence modifications), devoid of viral factors or remaining reprogramming molecules. The search for universal allogeneic cell sources for the ACI regenerative treatment has been difficult because making chondrocytes with high matrix-forming capacity from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells has proven challenging and human mesenchymal stem cells have a predisposition to form hypertrophic cartilage and bone. We show that chondrocyte-derived iPSCs can be redifferentiated in vitro into cartilage matrix-producing cells better than fibroblast-derived iPSCs and on par with the donor chondrocytes, suggesting the existence of a differentiation bias toward the somatic cell origin and making chondrocyte-derived iPSCs a promising candidate universal cell source for ACI. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism array and karyotyping were used to verify the genomic integrity and stability of the established iPSC lines. Our results suggest that RNA-based technology eliminates the risk of genomic integrations or aberrations, an important step toward a clinical-grade cell source for regenerative medicine such as treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.

  • 26.
    Bracewell, Daniel
    et al.
    UCL.
    V Gernaey, Krist
    Technical University of Denmark.
    Glassey, Jarka
    University of Newcastle.
    C Hass, Volker
    University of Applied Science, Bremen, Germany .
    Heinzle, Elmar
    University of Saarland.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Olsson, Ing-Marie
    MKS Umetrics AB.
    Racher, Andy
    Lonza Biol Inc.
    Staby, Arne
    Novo Nordisk AS.
    Titchener-Hooker, Nigel
    UCL.
    Report and recommendation of a workshop on education and training for measurement, monitoring, modelling and control ((MC)-C-3) in biochemical engineering2010In: Biotechnology Journal, ISSN 1860-6768, E-ISSN 1860-7314, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 359-367Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 27. Brandgård, J.
    et al.
    Nordberg, Å.
    Schnürer, A.
    Sundh, I.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Mathisen, B.
    Monitoring growth of the methanogenic archaea Methanobacterium formicicum using an electronic nose2001In: Biotechnology letters, ISSN 0141-5492, E-ISSN 1573-6776, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 241-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth of the methanogenic archaea, Methanobacterium formicicum, in pure culture was monitored by analysing samples from the gas phase with an array of chemical gas sensors (an 'electronic nose'). Analyses of the methane and protein formation rates were used as independent parameters of growth, and the data obtained from the electronic nose were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that different growth phases can be distinguished with the electronic nose followed by PCA evaluation. The fast response of the sensors in combination with the high correlations with other parameters measuring growth show that the electronic nose can be a useful tool to rapidly determine methanogenic growth.

  • 28.
    Brink, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Skoglund, Anders
    Iggesund Paperboard AB.
    On-line predictions of the aspen fibre and birch bark content in unbleached hardwood pulp, using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis2010In: CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS, ISSN 0169-7439, Vol. 103, no 1, p. 53-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An on-line fibre-based near-infrared (NIR) spectrometric analyser was adapted for on-site process analysis at an integrated paperboard mill. The analyser uses multivariate techniques for the quantitative predication of the aspen fibre (aspen) and the birch bark contents of sheets of unbleached hardwood pulp. The NIR analyser is a prototype constructed from standard NIR components. The spectroscopic data was processed by using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Three sample sets were collected from three experimental designs, each composed of known pulp contents of birch, aspen and birch bark. Sets I and 2 were used for model calibration and set 3 was used to validate the models. The PLS model that produced the best predictions gave an error of prediction (RMSEP) of 13% for aspen and less than 2% for birch bark. Eight components resulted in an (RX)-X-2 of 99.3%, (RY)-Y-2 of 99.6%. and Q(2) of 95.3%. For additional validation of aspen, three unbleached hardwood samples from the mills production were calculated to lie between -7% and +6%, regarding to the PIS model. When vessel cells were counted under a light microscope a value for the aspen content of 4.7% was obtained. The predictive models evaluated were suitable for quality assessments rather than quantitative determination.

  • 29.
    Bruening, Simone
    et al.
    University of Appl Science Bremen, Germany.
    Gerlach, Inga
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. University of Appl Science Bremen, Germany.
    Poertner, Ralf
    Hamburg University of Technology, Germany.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hass, Volker C.
    Furtwangen University, Germany.
    Modeling Suspension Cultures of Microbial and Mammalian Cells with an Adaptable Six-Compartment Model2017In: Chemical Engineering & Technology, ISSN 0930-7516, E-ISSN 1521-4125, Vol. 40, no 5, p. 956-966Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Process models can be used for model-based control strategies, but model development is a time-consuming and laborious task. To reduce the modeling effort, a new structured compartment model was developed, which may easily be adapted to different cultivation processes. The proposed six-compartment model was used to describe the time courses of cultivations of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and mammalian cell lines, namely, Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cyathus striatus, and a hybridoma mammalian cell line. The model can describe the time courses of important state variables and can be adapted to the cultivation processes by parameterization. This reduces the modeling effort for a new process significantly.

  • 30.
    C Stummann, Tina C
    et al.
    JRC.
    Beilmann, Mario
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG.
    Duker, Goran
    AstraZeneca R&D.
    Dumotier, Berengere
    Novartis Institute Biomed Research.
    Fredriksson, J Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jones, Robin L
    Royal Marsden Hospital.
    Hasiwa, Marina
    JRC.
    Kang, Y James
    University of Louisville.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Meyer, Thomas
    Multi Channel Syst MCS GmbH.
    Minotti, Giorgio
    University G dAnnunzio.
    Valentin, Y Jean-Pierre
    AstraZeneca.
    Zuenkler, Bernd J
    Federal Institute Drugs & Medical Devices.
    Bremer, Susanne
    JRC.
    Report and Recommendations of the Workshop of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods for Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity2009In: CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY, ISSN 1530-7905, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 107-125Article, review/survey (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiotoxicity is among the leading reasons for drug attrition and is therefore a core subject in non-clinical and clinical safety testing of new drugs. European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods held in March 2008 a workshop on "Alternative Methods for Drug-induced Cardiotoxicity" in order to promote acceptance of alternative methods reducing, refining or replacing the use of laboratory animals in this field. This review reports the outcome of the workshop. The participants identified the major clinical manifestations, which are sensitive to conventional drugs, to be arrhythmias, contractility toxicity, ischaemia toxicity, secondary cardiotoxicity and valve toxicity. They gave an overview of the current use of alternative tests in cardiac safety assessments. Moreover, they elaborated on new cardiotoxicological endpoints for which alternative tests can have an impact and provided recommendations on how to cover them.

  • 31. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Organs-on-chips for the pharmaceutical development process: design perspectives and implementations2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Organs-on-chips are dynamic cell culture devices created with the intention to mimic organ function in vitro. Their purpose is to assess the toxicity and efficacy of drugs and, as early as possible in the pharmaceutical development process, predict the outcome of clinical trials. The aim of this thesis is to explain and discuss these cell culture devices from a design perspective and to experimentally exemplify some of the specific functions that characterize organs-on-chips.

    The cells in our body reside in complex environments with chemical and mechanical cues that affect their function and purpose. Such a complex environment is difficult to recreate in the laboratory and has therefore been overlooked in favor of more simple models, i.e. static twodimensional (2D) cell cultures. Numerous recent reports have shown cell culture systems that can resemble the cell’s natural habitat and enhance cell functionality and thereby potentially provide results that better reflects animal and human trials. The way these organs-on-chips improve in vitro cell culture assays is to include e.g. a three-dimensional cell architecture (3D), mechanical stimuli, gradients of oxygen or nutrients, or by combining several relevant cell types that affect each other in close proximity.

    The research conducted for this thesis shows how cells in 3D spheroids or in 3D hydrogels can be cultured in perfused microbioreactors. Furthermore, a pump based on electroosmosis, and a method for an objective conceptual design process, is introduced to the field of organs-on-chips.

    List of papers
    1. Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging
    Show others...
    2015 (English)In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 15, no 15, p. 3242-3249Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Beating in vivo-like human cardiac bodies (CBs) were used in a microfluidic device for testing cardiotoxicity. The CBs, cardiomyocyte cell clusters derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, exhibited typical structural and functional properties of the native human myocardium. The CBs were captured in niches along a perfusion channel in the device. Video imaging was utilized for automatic monitoring of the beating frequency of each individual CB. The device allowed assessment of cardiotoxic effects on the 3D clustered cardiomyocytes from the drug substances doxorubicin, verapamil and quinidine. Beating frequency data recorded over a period of 6 hours are presented and compared to literature data. The results indicate that this microfluidic setup with imaging of CB characteristics provides a new opportunity for label-free, non-invasive investigation of toxic effects in a 3D microenvironment.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015
    National Category
    Biological Sciences Physical Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118294 (URN)10.1039/c5lc00449g (DOI)000358022900017 ()
    Available from: 2015-05-26 Created: 2015-05-26 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    2. A Cardiac Cell Outgrowth Assay for Evaluating Drug Compounds Using a Cardiac Spheroid-on-a-Chip Device
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Cardiac Cell Outgrowth Assay for Evaluating Drug Compounds Using a Cardiac Spheroid-on-a-Chip Device
    Show others...
    2018 (English)In: Bioengineering, E-ISSN 2306-5354, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 1-13, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Three-dimensional (3D) models with cells arranged in clusters or spheroids have emerged as valuable tools to improve physiological relevance in drug screening. One of the challenges with cells cultured in 3D, especially for high-throughput applications, is to quickly and non-invasively assess the cellular state in vitro. In this article, we show that the number of cells growing out from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac spheroids can be quantified to serve as an indicator of a drug’s effect on spheroids captured in a microfluidic device. Combining this spheroid-on-a-chip with confocal high content imaging reveals easily accessible, quantitative outgrowth data. We found that effects on outgrowing cell numbers correlate to the concentrations of relevant pharmacological compounds and could thus serve as a practical readout to monitor drug effects. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this semi-high-throughput “cardiac cell outgrowth assay” with six compounds at three concentrations applied to spheroids for 48 h. The image-based readout complements end-point assays or may be used as a non-invasive assay for quality control during long-term culture.

    National Category
    Cell and Molecular Biology Biomedical Laboratory Science/Technology Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154007 (URN)10.3390/bioengineering5020036 (DOI)
    Available from: 2019-01-22 Created: 2019-01-22 Last updated: 2019-03-29Bibliographically approved
    3. A clip-on electroosmotic pump for oscillating flow in microfluidic cell culture devices
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A clip-on electroosmotic pump for oscillating flow in microfluidic cell culture devices
    2018 (English)In: Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, ISSN 1613-4982, E-ISSN 1613-4990, Vol. 22, no 3, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Recent advances in microfluidic devices put a high demand on small, robust and reliable pumps suitable for high-throughput applications. Here we demonstrate a compact, low-cost, directly attachable (clip-on) electroosmotic pump that couples with standard Luer connectors on a microfluidic device. The pump is easy to make and consists of a porous polycarbonate membrane and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. The soft electrode and membrane materials make it possible to incorporate the pump into a standard syringe filter holder, which in turn can be attached to commercial chips. The pump is less than half the size of the microscope slide used for many commercial lab-on-a-chip devices, meaning that these pumps can be used to control fluid flow in individual reactors in highly parallelized chemistry and biology experiments. Flow rates at various electric current and device dimensions are reported. We demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the pump for biological experiments by exposing endothelial cells to oscillating shear stress (up to 5 dyn/cm2) and by controlling the movement of both micro- and macroparticles, generating steady or oscillatory flow rates up to ± 400 μL/min.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2018
    National Category
    Other Medical Biotechnology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-145301 (URN)10.1007/s10404-018-2046-4 (DOI)000427527600005 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2015-03298]

    Available from: 2018-02-21 Created: 2018-02-21 Last updated: 2019-01-22Bibliographically approved
    4. Fabrication of modular hyaluronan-PEG hydrogels to support 3D cultures of hepatocytes in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fabrication of modular hyaluronan-PEG hydrogels to support 3D cultures of hepatocytes in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device
    Show others...
    2019 (English)In: Biofabrication, ISSN 1758-5082, E-ISSN 1758-5090, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 1-13, article id 015013Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Liver cell culture models are attractive in both tissue engineering and for development of assays for drug toxicology research. To retain liver specific cell functions, the use of adequate cell types and culture conditions, such as a 3D orientation of the cells and a proper supply of nutrients and oxygen, are critical. In this article, we show how extracellular matrix mimetic hydrogels can support hepatocyte viability and functionality in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device. A modular hydrogel system based on hyaluronan and poly(ethylene glycol) (HA-PEG), modified with cyclooctyne moieties for bioorthogonal strain-promoted alkyne-azide 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition (SPAAC), was developed, characterized, and compared for cell compatibility to hydrogels based on agarose and alginate. Hepatoma cells (HepG2) formed spheroids with viable cells in all hydrogels with the highest expression of albumin and urea in alginate hydrogels. By including an excess of cyclooctyne in the HA backbone, azide-modified cell adhesion motifs (linear and cyclic RGD peptides) could be introduced in order to enhance viability and functionality of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes (hiPS-HEPs). In the HA-PEG hydrogels modified with cyclic RGD peptides hiPS-HEPs migrated and grew in 3D and showed an increased viability and higher albumin production compared to when cultured in the other hydrogels. This flexible SPAAC crosslinked hydrogel system enabled fabrication of perfused 3D cell culture of hiPS-HEPs and is a promising material for further development and optimization of liver-on-a-chip devices.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Institute of Physics (IOP), 2019
    National Category
    Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy) Cell Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154008 (URN)10.1088/1758-5090/aaf657 (DOI)000454550900002 ()
    Available from: 2019-01-22 Created: 2019-01-22 Last updated: 2022-04-29Bibliographically approved
    5. Developing organ-on-a-chip concepts using bio-mechatronic design methodology
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developing organ-on-a-chip concepts using bio-mechatronic design methodology
    2017 (English)In: Biofabrication, ISSN 1758-5082, E-ISSN 1758-5090, Vol. 9, no 2, article id 025023Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Mechatronic design is an engineering methodology for conceiving, configuring and optimising the design of a technical device or product to the needs and requirements of the final user. In this article, we show how the basic principles of this methodology can be exploited for in vitro cell cultures-often referred to as organ-on-a-chip devices. Due to the key role of the biological cells, we have introduced the term bio-mechatronic design, to highlight the complexity of designing a system that should integrate biology, mechanics and electronics in the same device structure. The strength of the mechatronic design is to match the needs of the potential users to a systematic evaluation of overall functional design alternative. It may be especially attractive for organs-on-chips where biological constituents such as cells and tissues in 3D settings and in a fluidic environment should be compared, screened and selected. Through this approach, design solutions ranked to customer needs are generated according to specified criteria, thereby defining the key constraints of the fabrication. As an example, the bio-mechatronic methodology is applied to a liver-on-a-chip based on information extrapolated from previous theoretical and experimental knowledge. It is concluded that the methodology can generate new fabrication solutions for devices, as well as efficient guidelines for refining the design and fabrication of many of todays organ-on-a-chip devices.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017
    Keywords
    conceptual design; design optimisation; organ-on-a-chip; physiological tissue models; microfluidics
    National Category
    Cell and Molecular Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138470 (URN)10.1088/1758-5090/aa71ca (DOI)000402555300006 ()28485301 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115439]; European Unions Seventh Framework Programme; EFPIA

    Available from: 2017-06-19 Created: 2017-06-19 Last updated: 2019-01-22
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    Organs-on-chips for the pharmaceutical development process: design perspectives and implementations
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  • 32.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Aronsson, Christopher
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jury, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Selegård, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Aili, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fabrication of modular hyaluronan-PEG hydrogels to support 3D cultures of hepatocytes in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device2019In: Biofabrication, ISSN 1758-5082, E-ISSN 1758-5090, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 1-13, article id 015013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Liver cell culture models are attractive in both tissue engineering and for development of assays for drug toxicology research. To retain liver specific cell functions, the use of adequate cell types and culture conditions, such as a 3D orientation of the cells and a proper supply of nutrients and oxygen, are critical. In this article, we show how extracellular matrix mimetic hydrogels can support hepatocyte viability and functionality in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device. A modular hydrogel system based on hyaluronan and poly(ethylene glycol) (HA-PEG), modified with cyclooctyne moieties for bioorthogonal strain-promoted alkyne-azide 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition (SPAAC), was developed, characterized, and compared for cell compatibility to hydrogels based on agarose and alginate. Hepatoma cells (HepG2) formed spheroids with viable cells in all hydrogels with the highest expression of albumin and urea in alginate hydrogels. By including an excess of cyclooctyne in the HA backbone, azide-modified cell adhesion motifs (linear and cyclic RGD peptides) could be introduced in order to enhance viability and functionality of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes (hiPS-HEPs). In the HA-PEG hydrogels modified with cyclic RGD peptides hiPS-HEPs migrated and grew in 3D and showed an increased viability and higher albumin production compared to when cultured in the other hydrogels. This flexible SPAAC crosslinked hydrogel system enabled fabrication of perfused 3D cell culture of hiPS-HEPs and is a promising material for further development and optimization of liver-on-a-chip devices.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Fabrication of modular hyaluronan-PEG hydrogels to support 3D cultures of hepatocytes in a perfused liver-on-a-chip device
  • 33.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Meier, Florian
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
    Kempf, Henning
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Schwanke, Kristin
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Coffee, Michelle
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Beilmann, Mario
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
    Zweigerdt, Robert
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Cardiac Cell Outgrowth Assay for Evaluating Drug Compounds Using a Cardiac Spheroid-on-a-Chip Device2018In: Bioengineering, E-ISSN 2306-5354, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 1-13, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three-dimensional (3D) models with cells arranged in clusters or spheroids have emerged as valuable tools to improve physiological relevance in drug screening. One of the challenges with cells cultured in 3D, especially for high-throughput applications, is to quickly and non-invasively assess the cellular state in vitro. In this article, we show that the number of cells growing out from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac spheroids can be quantified to serve as an indicator of a drug’s effect on spheroids captured in a microfluidic device. Combining this spheroid-on-a-chip with confocal high content imaging reveals easily accessible, quantitative outgrowth data. We found that effects on outgrowing cell numbers correlate to the concentrations of relevant pharmacological compounds and could thus serve as a practical readout to monitor drug effects. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this semi-high-throughput “cardiac cell outgrowth assay” with six compounds at three concentrations applied to spheroids for 48 h. The image-based readout complements end-point assays or may be used as a non-invasive assay for quality control during long-term culture.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 34.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    van Noort, Danny
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Developing organ-on-a-chip concepts using bio-mechatronic design methodology2017In: Biofabrication, ISSN 1758-5082, E-ISSN 1758-5090, Vol. 9, no 2, article id 025023Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mechatronic design is an engineering methodology for conceiving, configuring and optimising the design of a technical device or product to the needs and requirements of the final user. In this article, we show how the basic principles of this methodology can be exploited for in vitro cell cultures-often referred to as organ-on-a-chip devices. Due to the key role of the biological cells, we have introduced the term bio-mechatronic design, to highlight the complexity of designing a system that should integrate biology, mechanics and electronics in the same device structure. The strength of the mechatronic design is to match the needs of the potential users to a systematic evaluation of overall functional design alternative. It may be especially attractive for organs-on-chips where biological constituents such as cells and tissues in 3D settings and in a fluidic environment should be compared, screened and selected. Through this approach, design solutions ranked to customer needs are generated according to specified criteria, thereby defining the key constraints of the fabrication. As an example, the bio-mechatronic methodology is applied to a liver-on-a-chip based on information extrapolated from previous theoretical and experimental knowledge. It is concluded that the methodology can generate new fabrication solutions for devices, as well as efficient guidelines for refining the design and fabrication of many of todays organ-on-a-chip devices.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 35. Cimander, C.
    et al.
    Bachinger, T.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Assessment of the performance of a fed-batch cultivation from the preculture quality using an electronic nose2002In: Biotechnology progress (Print), ISSN 8756-7938, E-ISSN 1520-6033, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 380-386Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An electronic nose, a gas-phase multisensor system, was used to monitor precultivations of a recombinant tryptophan-producing Escherichia coli strain. The electronic nose signals showed a high correlation toward the main stages of the precultivations, namely, exponential growth, oxygen-limited growth, and glucose depletion. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the electronic nose signals was performed and shown to be useful for monitoring preculture progression. More importantly, PCA also allowed a qualitative assessment of the preculture performance during subsequent fed-batch cultivations. The electronic nose signals from the precultures showed, furthermore, a high correlation to the time of phosphate limitation and the tryptophan yield coefficient of the subsequent fed-batch cultivations, which allowed an accurate prediction of these process variables using partial least squares (PLS). The results demonstrate on data from 12 cultivations how the electronic nose can be a useful tool for the assessment of inoculum quality, thereby providing means of reducing batch-to-batch variation and increasing the productivity of bioprocesses.

  • 36. Cimander, C.
    et al.
    Bachinger, T.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Integration of distributed multi-analyzer monitoring and control in bioprocessing based on a real-time expert system2003In: Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0168-1656, E-ISSN 1873-4863, Vol. 103, no 3, p. 237-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A computer system solution for integration of a distributed bioreactor monitoring and control instrumentation on the laboratory scale is described. Bioreactors equipped with on-line analyzers for mass spectrometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical probes and multi-array gas sensors and their respective software were networked through a real-time expert systems platform. The system allowed data transmission of more than 1800 different signals from the instrumentation, including signals from gas sensors, electrodes, spectrometer detectors, balances, flowmeters, etc., and were used for processing and carrying out a number of computational tasks such as partial least-square regression, principal component analysis, artificial neural network modelling, heuristic decision-making and adaptive control. The system was demonstrated on different cultivations/fermentations which illustrated sensor fusion control, multivariate statistical process monitoring, adaptive glucose control and adaptive multivariate control. The performance of these examples showed high operational stability and reliable function and meet typical requirements for production safety and quality. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 37. Cimander, C.
    et al.
    Carlsson, M.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Sensor fusion for on-line monitoring of yoghurt fermentation2002In: Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0168-1656, E-ISSN 1873-4863, Vol. 99, no 3, p. 237-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Measurement data from an electronic nose (EN), a near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) and standard bioreactor probes were used to follow the course of lab-scale yoghurt fermentation. The sensor signals were fused using a cascade neural network: a primary network predicted quantitative process variables, including lactose, galactose and lactate, a secondary network predicted a qualitative process state variable describing critical process phases, such as the onset of coagulation or the harvest time. Although the accuracy of the neural network prediction was acceptable and comparable with the off-line reference assay, its stability and performance were significantly improved by correction of faulty data. The results demonstrate that on-line sensor fusion with the chosen analyzers improves monitoring and quality control of yoghurt fermentation with implications to other fermentation processes. ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 38. Cimander, C.
    et al.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Online monitoring of a bioprocess based on a multi-analyser system and multivariate statistical process modelling2002In: Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986), ISSN 0268-2575, E-ISSN 1097-4660, Vol. 77, no 10, p. 1157-1168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) was for the first time applied to analyse data from a bioprocess on-line multi-analyser system consisting of an electronic nose (EN), a near-infrared spectroscope (NIRS), a mass spectrometer (MS) and standard bioreactor probes. One hundred and fifty sensor signals from the electronic nose, 1050 wavelength signals from the NIRS, carbon dioxide evolution rate calculated from mass spectrometer signals and standard bioreactor data (eg amount of substrate fed) were interrogated for their ability to model a bioprocess using MSPC. The models obtained were validated on a recombinant Escherichia coli fed-batch process for tryptophan production. Limiting trajectories were defined in the MSPC models for warning, action, and process experience with respect to biomass and tryptophan concentrations. The results showed the capacity and robustness of MSPC models for monitoring with multi-analysers and allowed a comparison of the different analysers' suitability for this kind of data processing. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that MSPC models provide a functional and versatile framework for coping with large information flows and are also suited to a variety of other bioprocessing monitoring and control tasks. ⌐ 2002 Society of Chemical Industry.

  • 39.
    Cimander, Christian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Novozymes Biopharma AB, Lund, Sweden.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    Bioprocess control from a multivariate process trajectory.2004In: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering (Print), ISSN 1615-7591, E-ISSN 1615-7605, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 401-411Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A multivariate bioprocess control approach, capable of tracking a pre-set process trajectory correlated to the biomass or product concentration in the bioprocess is described. The trajectory was either a latent variable derived from multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPC) based on partial least squares (PLS) modeling, or the absolute value of the process variable. In the control algorithm the substrate feed pump rate was calculated from on-line analyzer data. The only parameters needed were the substrate feed concentration and the substrate yield of the growth-limiting substrate. On-line near-infrared spectroscopy data were used to demonstrate the performance of the control algorithm on an Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivation for tryptophan production. The controller showed good ability to track a defined biomass trajectory during varying process dynamics. The robustness of the control was high, despite significant external disturbances on the cultivation and control parameters.

  • 40.
    Darkins, Christopher Luke
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Loughborough University, UK.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Design of large-scale manufacturing of induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes2014In: Chemical engineering research & design, ISSN 0263-8762, E-ISSN 1744-3563, Vol. 92, no 6, p. 1142-1152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new approach for design of large-scale manufacture of stem cell derived cells by using the biomechatronic methodology and computer-aided-design tools is described. The systematic conceptual design methodology for systems composed of active mechanical, electronic and biological components, here referred to as biomechatronics, is combined with the methodology for computer-aided design of bioprocesses. The objective has been to systematically investigate and compare by the combination of the methodologies what are favourable design alternatives in terms of equipment configuration and economic parameters. A demonstration case has been used for the manufacture of cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The results show how certain configurations are more favourable than others under given boundary conditions. The study indicates that the approach is possible to apply on other related bio-manufacturing systems.

  • 41.
    de Peppo, G. M.
    et al.
    New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
    Thomsen, P.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Karlsson, C.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Strehl, R.
    BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Centre Biomat and Cell Ther, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindahl, A.
    BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Centre Biomat and Cell Ther, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hyllner, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Human Progenitor Cells for Bone Engineering Applications2013In: Current molecular medicine, ISSN 1566-5240, E-ISSN 1875-5666, Vol. 13, no 5, p. 723-734Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this report, the authors review the human skeleton and the increasing burden of bone deficiencies, the limitations encountered with the current treatments and the opportunities provided by the emerging field of cell-based bone engineering. Special emphasis is placed on different sources of human progenitor cells, as well as their pros and cons in relation to their utilization for the large-scale construction of functional bone-engineered substitutes for clinical applications. It is concluded that, human pluripotent stem cells represent a valuable source for the derivation of progenitor cells, which combine the advantages of both embryonic and adult stem cells, and indeed display high potential for the construction of functional substitutes for bone replacement therapies.

  • 42.
    Dong, Jia
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Lübberstedt, Marc
    Urbaniak, Thomas
    Nüssler, Andreas K. N.
    Knobeloch, Daniel
    Gerlach, Jörg C.
    Zeilinger, Katrin
    Evaluation and optimization of hepatocyte culture media factors by design of experiments (DoE) methodology2008In: Cytotechnology (Dordrecht), ISSN 0920-9069, E-ISSN 1573-0778, Vol. 27, p. 251-261Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Duong-Thi, Minh-Dao
    et al.
    Linnaeus Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Bergstrom, Maria
    Linnaeus University, Sweden .
    Fex, Tomas
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Ohlson, Sten
    Nanyang Technology University, Singapore .
    Comparison of weak affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance in determining affinity of small molecules2014In: Analytical Biochemistry, ISSN 0003-2697, E-ISSN 1096-0309, Vol. 461, p. 57-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we compared affinity data from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and weak affinity chromatography (WAC), two established techniques for determination of weak affinity (mM-mu M) small molecule-protein interactions. In the current comparison, thrombin was used as target protein. In WAC the affinity constant (K-D) was determined from retention times, and in SPR it was determined by Langmuir isotherm fitting of steady-state responses. Results indicate a strong correlation between the two methods (R-2 = 0.995, P less than 0.0001).

  • 44.
    Einarsson, Ellen
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    Evaluation of 5´- and 3´-UTR Translation Enhancing Sequences to Improve Translation of Proteins in CHO Cells2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this project was to identify and evaluate nucleotide sequences enhancing translation of proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Candidate sequences were placed in the 5´-untranslated region (UTR) or 3´ UTR respectively and evaluated in a CHO-based expression system with a fluorescent Fc-fusion protein as a model protein.Five plasmid vectors were constructed, two of which designed to have a randomized nucleotide library in their 5´ and 3´ UTR respectively, and three of which designed to hold varying repeats of a known enhancing translation (ET) sequence in their 5´ or 3´ UTR. The plasmid constructs were transfected into CHO cells and the protein expression was analyzed both by fluorescence intensity in single cells using flow cytometry and in bulk by monoclonal antibody titer analysis based on Protein A affinity.The main result is that both flow cytometry and titer analysis indicate that insertion of five repeats of the ET in the 5´UTR has a negative effect on protein expression as compared to the control which had no ET repeats. Results related to the insertion of three ETs in the 5´ UTR were ambiguous. The titer analysis indicated that it had a negative effect on the protein expression compared to the control which had no ET repeats, whereas the flow cytometry results suggest that the effect is negligible. Transfection of library plasmids was unsuccessful; hence no library expression analysis results were achieved. Due to the time constraints of the project, the reason for the unsuccessful transfection of library plasmids was not investigated, but the LTX transfection method is stated as a highly plausible cause.Based on the outcome of this study, two recommendations for future work are suggested. The first one is to continue the focus on UTR sequences in terms of library screening, and to improve the method of transfecting library plasmid constructs into CHO cells using lipofection. The second suggestion for further studies is to test different UTR sequence lengths without involving potential ETs, to rule out the effect and positions of the ETs and investigate the expressional effect of UTR length solely.

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    Master thesis Ellen Einarsson
  • 45.
    Ekblad, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor Science and Molecular Physics .
    Bergström, Gunnar
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology .
    Ederth, Thomas
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor Science and Molecular Physics .
    Conlan, Sheelagh L.
    Liu, Yunli
    Zhao, Qi
    DSouza, Fraddry
    Donnelly, GlenT.
    Willemsen, Peter R.
    Pettitt, Michala E.
    Callow, Maureen E.
    Callow, James A.
    Liedberg, Bo
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor Science and Molecular Physics .
    Poly(ethylene glycol)-Containing Hydrogel Surfaces for Antifouling Applications in Marine and Freshwater Environments2008In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 9, no 10, p. 2775-2783Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

       

  • 46.
    Engberg, Erica
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    Johansson, Emilia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    Ozonation of pharmaceutical residues in a wastewater treatment plant: Modeling the ozone demand based on a multivariate analysis of influential parameters2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Most pharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) end up in the hydrosphere where they cause negative effects on the aquatic life and might disrupt ecosystems. By implementing an ozonation step (treatment with ozone) in the wastewater treatment process, these pharmaceutical residues can be reduced.  The purpose of this project was to verify that the ozonation process works in full-scale, thereby verifying a pilot study conducted in 2014 at Tekniska Verken i Linköping AB (TVAB). Additionally, the purpose was to investigate which parameters influence the ozone demand in order to formulate a model for the ozone demand. The initial phases during this thesis were a pre-study and a literature study. This was followed by the multivariate analysis and model construction based on different data from the pilot study. Measurements were performed on the wastewater in the full-scale facility in order to verify the results from the pilot study. Moreover, measurements were performed to find new ozone consuming parameters. The reduction of pharmaceutical residues was similar to the pilot study, although slightly lower. Several parameters and factors that were different between pilot study and new measurements affected the reduction of pharmaceutical residues. For example, DOC and nitrate concentrations have increased since the pilot study in 2014. Also, factors such as the growth in population in Linköping and the differences in design between the pilot plant and the full-scale facility have influenced the reduction of pharmaceutical residues. A control strategy based on a linear relationship between ozone sensitive Ultra Violet Absorption (UVA) left and remaining pharmaceutical residues after ozonation could potentially be used. Moreover, three models were constructed and the Multivariate Analysis 1 (MVA1)-model was deemed as the best, this model includes ozone residual, nitrite, turbidity, simulated Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD(sim)) and ozone dose. The variations in the dose compared to the input parameters for the validation data show that the model predict the ozone dose well. However, in future other interesting parameters can be included in the model to further improve the accuracy in the ozone dose predicted by the model.

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    fulltext
  • 47.
    Fornander, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology.
    Ozone Treatment Targeting Pharmaceutical Residues: Validation and Process Control in a Wastewater Treatment Plant2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Major studies conducted in Europe and North America has concluded that the current processes in wastewater treatment plants insufficiently degrade micropollutants e.g. pharmaceutical residues. Several sorption and oxidation methods has therefore been investigated with the purpose of removing or degrading micropollutants in wastewater. The main purpose of this project was, firstly, to validate the results from a pilot study conducted by Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (2014) which investigated the use of ozone to degrade pharmaceutical residues. Secondly, to investigate and design a suitable process control strategy for the ozonation process. Four different tests were conducted during the project, a dose-response test, step-response tests, a trace test, and a performance test. A poorer average reduction of pharmaceutical residues was observed in this project compared to the pilot study. An average reduction of approximately 80% was observed at the highest tested dose, 0.67 mg O3/mg DOC, N corr. Whilst an average reduction of 90% was observed at approximately 0.46 mg O3/mg DOC, N corr, in the pilot study. However, the quality of the wastewater was worse during this project compared to the pilot study. ΔUVA254 and offgas concentration of ozone were found to be suitable control parameters for process control. A control strategy based on a combination of these parameters was designed, where ΔUVA254 was used as the main control parameter and the off-gas concentration of ozone was used as a limiting controller to ensure a sufficient mass transfer in the system. In conclusion, a suitable flow proportional base ozone dose valid for current water conditions has been identified, 10 mg/L. Differences in wastewater quality which heavily influence the ozonation process have been identified. Lastly, a control strategy for process control of the ozonation have been identified, designed and is ready for implementation.

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    fulltext
  • 48.
    Fritzsche, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fredriksson, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Carlsson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A cell-based sensor system for toxicity testing using multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy2009In: ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, ISSN 0003-2697, Vol. 387, no 2, p. 271-275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel cell-based fluorometric sensor system for toxicity monitoring is described, which uses functional spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cell line) as the biological recognition element. Based on these highly specialized cells, it has the potential of providing a sensitive and relevant analytical in vitro toxicity testing method. The system was configured by propagating the surface-attaching HL-1 cardiomyocytes in the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate and connecting the plate via an optical fiber to a fluorescence spectrometer capable of excitation-emission matrix scanning. The fluorescence data were analyzed using a conventional spectral analysis software program. The performance of the system for detection of general cytotoxicity to the cells was evaluated using three well-known drugs: verapamil, quinidine, and acetaminophen. The dose-response curves were assessed and the EC50 values were determined (0.10 +/- 0.007, 0.23 +/- 0.025, and 12.32 +/- 2.40 mM, respectively). Comparison with in vitro and in vivo reference data for the drugs showed good correlations, suggesting that this cell-based sensor system Could be a useful tool in pharmacological in vitro drug testing.

  • 49.
    Fritzsche, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fritzsche, Joachim
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Tegenfeldt, Jonas O.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A highly UV-transparent fused silica biochip for sensitive hepatotoxicity testing by autofluorescence2014In: BioChip Journal, ISSN 1976-0280, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 115-121Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fabrication and application of a non-fluorescent and UV-transparent microfluidic biochip in fused silica that allows sensitive autofluorescence detection are described. The biochip is particularly useful in cell-based assays where the most informative autofluorescence signals from the cells reside in the ultraviolet spectral range and where plastic labware materials commonly used in cell culture work severely disturb such measurements. In this study the fused silica biochip was used for measuring intrinsic autofluorescence from liver cells in order to assess hepatotoxic effects of drugs. The assessment assay was carried out with the human liver cell line HepG2 under perfusion conditions in the microfluidics of the biochip. The autofluorescence from the.liver cells exposed to quinidine was readily recorded without background disturbance and correlated well with reference toxicity data.

  • 50.
    Fritzsche, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fluorescent cell-based sensing approaches for toxicity testing2010In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, ISSN 1618-2642, E-ISSN 1618-2650, Vol. 398, no 1, p. 181-191Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluorimetric cell-based sensing methods have attracted increasing interest in toxicity testing of pharmaceuticals, pathogens, environmental pollutants, and other chemicals. The objective of this review is to summarise the variety of approaches reported up to now and to present recent developments in this area. The different approaches are described in relation to their underlying mechanism and, especially, to the role of the fluorophore involved. The methods discussed include the use of fluorescent or fluorogenic indicators, fluorescence-based testing for membrane integrity, approaches based on fluorescence labelling, inducible fluorescent protein expression, and analysis of cellular autofluorescence. Several of these approaches have been shown to be advantageous in comparison with non-fluorescence methods and have potential in high-throughput screening, for example in drug discovery and safety pharmacology.

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