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  • 1.
    Arnardottir, E S
    et al.
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    Thorleifsdottir, B
    University of Iceland.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Olafsson, I
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    Gislason, T
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY OSA SUBJECTS in SLEEP, vol 34, issue , pp A155-A1552011In: SLEEP, American Academy of Sleep Medicine , 2011, Vol. 34, p. A155-A155Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 2.
    Arnardottir, Erna S I F
    et al.
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    Thorleifsdottir, Bjorg
    University of Iceland.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Olafsson, Isleifur
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Landspitali University Hospital.
    Sleep-related sweating in obstructive sleep apnoea: association with sleep stages and blood pressure2010In: JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, ISSN 0962-1105, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 122-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pandgt;The aim of this study was to investigate sleep-related sweating as a symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Fifteen otherwise healthy male non-smoking patients with untreated moderate-to-severe OSA underwent polysomnography, including measurements of skin and core body temperature and electrodermal activity (EDA) as an objective indicator of sweating. Evening and morning blood pressure was measured as well as catecholamines in nocturnal urine. All measurements were repeated after 3 months on successful continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The untreated OSA subjects had a mean (+/- SD) apnoea-hypopnoea index of 45.3 +/- 3.9 and a mean EDA index during sleep of 131.9 +/- 22.4 events per hour. Patients with higher EDA indices had higher systolic blood pressure in the evening and morning (P = 0.001 and 0.006) and lower rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage (P = 0.003). The EDA index decreased significantly to 78.5 +/- 17.7 in the patients on CPAP treatment (P = 0.04). The decrease correlated with lower evening systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.05 and 0.006) and an increase in REM% (P = 0.02). No relationship was observed between EDA and skin or core body temperature, or to catecholamine levels in urine. OSA patients who experience sleep-related sweating may have increased blood pressure and decreased REM sleep compared with other OSA patients. CPAP treatment appears to lower blood pressure and increase REM sleep to a higher extent in these patients compared with other OSA patients.

  • 3.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Omvårdnad, Högskolan i Jönköping.
    Franzén Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    The side-effects to CPAP treatment inventory: the development and initial validation of a new tool for the measurement of side-effects to CPAP treatment2010In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 603-611Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), but side-effects are common. No validated self-rating scale measuring side-effects to CPAP treatment exists today. The aim was to develop the side-effects to CPAP treatment inventory (SECI), and investigate the validity and reliability of the instrument among patients with OSAS. SECI was developed on the basis of: (1) in-depth interviews with 23 patients; (2) examination of the scientific literature and (3) consensus agreement of a multi-professional expert panel. This yielded 15 different types of side-effects related to CPAP treatment. Each side-effect has three sub-questions (scales): perceived frequency (a) and magnitude (b) of the side-effect, as well as its perceived impact on CPAP use (c). A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A total of 329 patients with OSAS with an average use of CPAP treatment for 39 months (2 weeks to 182 months) were recruited. Data were collected with SECI, and obtained from medical records (clinical variables and data related to CPAP treatment). Construct validity was confirmed with factor analysis (principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation). A logical two-factor solution, the device subscale and symptom subscale, emerged across all three scales. The symptom subscale describing physical and psychological side-effects and the device subscale described mask and device-related side-effects. Internal consistency reliability of the three scales was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.74–0.86) and acceptable for the subscales (Cronbach’s α = 0.62–0.86). The satisfactory measurement properties of this new instrument are promising and indicate that SECI can be used to measure side-effects to CPAP treatment.

  • 4.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, B
    Jonköping University, Sweden .
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, O
    County Hospital Ryhov, Sweden .
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Effects of a group-based educational programme on adherence to CPAP treatment in obstructive sleep apnoea in JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, vol 21, issue SI, pp 348-3482012In: JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Wiley-Blackwell , 2012, Vol. 21, no SI, p. 348-348Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 5.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics.
    A mixed method evaluation of a group-based educational programme for CPAP use in patients with obstructive sleep apnea2013In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 173-184Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rationale, aims and objectives  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a low long-term adherence. Educational interventions are few and sparsely described regarding content, pedagogical approach and participants' perceptions. The aim was to describe adherence to CPAP treatment, knowledge about OSA/CPAP, as well as OSA patients' perceptions of participating in a group-based programme using problem-based learning (PBL) for CPAP initiation. Educational programme  The PBL programme incorporated elements from theories and models concerning motivation and habits. Tutorial groups consisting of four to eight patients met at six sessions during 6 months. Methods  A sequential explanatory mixed method design was used on 25 strategically selected patients. Quantitative data regarding, clinical variables, OSA severity, CPAP use, and knowledge were collected at baseline, after 2 weeks and 6 months. Qualitative data regarding patients' perceptions of participation were collected after 6 months by semi-structured interviews using a phenomenographic approach. Results  72% of the patients were adherent to CPAP treatment after 2 weeks and 6 months. All patients improved their baseline knowledge about OSA and CPAP after 2 weeks and sustained it after 6 months. Anxiety and fear, as well as difficulties and needs were motivational factors for participation. Patients described the difficulties of behavioural change, an awareness that improvements do not occur immediately, a realization of the importance of both technical and emotional support and the need for a healthier lifestyle. Conclusion and practice implications  A group-based programme using PBL seems to facilitate adaptive and developmental learning and result in acceptable CPAP adherence levels.

  • 6.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, P
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting.
    Riegel, B
    University of Penn, USA .
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, B
    Jonköping University, Sweden .
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Do cardiovascular signs and risk factors differ between hypertensive men and women with high versus low risk on the Berlin sleep apnoea questionnaire in a primary care setting? in JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, vol 21, issue SI, pp 230-2312012In: JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Wiley-Blackwell , 2012, Vol. 21, no SI, p. 230-231Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 7.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Albers, Jan
    City Hospital Ryhov.
    Wiberg, Jan
    City Hospital Ryhov.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Vaxjö University.
    6-month CPAP-treatment in a young male patient with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - A case study from the couples perspective2008In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 103-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is independently associated with an increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce mortality and morbidity, but low compliance rates are seen. Aim: To explore and describe the experiences of CPAP-treatment in a young male patient with severe OSAS during a 6-month period from the couples perspective.

    Methods and the case: A single case study with a phenomenographic approach was employed. Diagnostic procedures of OSAS and initiation of treatment with Auto-CPAP, humidifier and a nasal mask were performed during 4 visits. Conceptions were collected at 4 different occasions during the 6-month period (before, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment initiation) by means of interviews with a 33-year old male patient and his female partner.

    Findings: Totally 17 different structural aspects were found to fluctuate during the 6-month period in relation to; influence of stressors, social reactions and adaptation to increase compliance.

    Conclusion: An increased knowledge about the influence of stressors, the social reactions, and the adaptation can help healthcare personnel to identify and better understand concerns of other patients and spouses during different time phases of the initial 6-month period of CPAP-treatment.

  • 8.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Cardiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nursing Science.
    Albers, J
    County Hospital Ryhov.
    Mårtensson, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - Patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation2007In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 57, no 3, p. 318-327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Title. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation Aim. This paper reports a descriptive study of how untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome perceived their sleep situation and how the syndrome affected their life situation. Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a prevalent problem independently associated with an increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic heart failure and mortality. Increased consumption of healthcare resources can often be seen among patients over a long period of time since many have been undiagnosed and untreated. Methods. A phenomenographic approach was employed. Data were collected by interviews during 2005 with 20 purposively selected participants with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Findings. Participants described loud snoring, frequent awakenings, dyspnoea, frustration over nocturia, fear of dying during sleep and partners' anxiety about the apnoea, as being night-time effects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. They described dry and sore throats, tiredness and daytime sleepiness, shame about falling asleep and snoring, thoughts about complications and depressed mood as daytime effects. Needs, such as increased alertness, improved ability to concentrate, improved relationship, adequate information as well as effective treatment, were described. Participants tried self-care strategies such as information-seeking about sleep disturbances and treatment, adapted sleeping routines, change of bedroom arrangements, adapted daily schedules, hyperactivity and avoidance of difficult situations. Conclusion. The perceived effects and needs, as well as tried self-care actions by the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in this study, could be used to identify and evaluate concerns of other patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome waiting for treatment. © 2007 The Authors.

  • 9.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gardner, Benjamin
    University College London, UK.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Arestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linnaeus University & Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal University College and Ersta Hospital, Stockholm.
    Validation of the CPAP Habit Index-5: A Tool to Understand Adherence to CPAP Treatment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.2014In: Sleep Disorders, ISSN 2090-3545, E-ISSN 2090-3553, Vol. 2014, p. 1-9, article id 929057Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is low among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The potential role of "habit" in sustaining adherence to CPAP use has not been studied. This study aimed to establish the relevance of habit to CPAP adherence, via validation of an adaptation of the Self-Report Habit Index (the CPAP Habit Index-5; CHI-5). Analyses focused on the homogeneity, reliability, and factor structure of the CHI-5 and, in line with theoretical predictions, its utility as a predictor of long-term CPAP adherence in middle-aged patients with OSA. A prospective longitudinal design was used. 117 patients with objectively verified OSA intended for CPAP treatment were recruited. Data was collected via clinical examinations, respiratory recordings, questionnaires, and CPAP devices at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The CHI-5 showed satisfactory homogeneity interitem correlations (0.42-0.93), item-total correlations (0.58-0.91), and reliability ( α = 0.92). CHI-5 data at 6 months showed a one-factor solution and predicted 63% of variance in total CPAP use hours after 12 months. Based on the satisfactory measurement properties and the high amount of CPAP use variance it explained, the CHI-5 can be seen as a useful tool in clinical practice.

  • 10.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Jonköping University.
    Putative facilitators and barriers for adherence to CPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A qualitative content analysis2010In: SLEEP MEDICINE, ISSN 1389-9457, Vol. 11, no 2, p. 126-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce morbidity and mortality, but adherence rates are low without a clear consensus Of causes. Objective: To explore the experiences of adherence to CPAP treatment in patients with OSAS. Methods: A qualitative content analysis was employed. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 23 purposively selected patients. Results: Adherence to CPAP treatment was summarized according to "facilitators" and "barriers" to CPAP treatment. Facilitators for adherence, as described by the patients were a desire to avoid symptoms, knowledge about the risk for medical consequences, fear of negative social consequences and disturbing the sleep of significant others. Other facilitators were a positive attitude to CPAP treatment, trust in healthcare personnel, a sense of engagement from the spouse and a feeling of physical improvement. Barriers included experiencing practical problems, negative psychological effects of the equipment, and negative attitudes to the treatment. Other barriers were side-effects as well as insufficient support from healthcare personnel and the spouse. Conclusion: Adherence to CPAP treatment is a multifaceted problem including patient, treatment, condition, social and healthcare related factors. Knowledge about facilitators and barriers for adherence to CPAP treatment can be used in interventional Strategies.

  • 11.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Vaxjö University.
    Martensson, Jan
    Jönköping University.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Perceived informational needs, side-effects and their consequences on adherence-A comparison between CPAP treated patients with OSAS and healthcare personnel2009In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 74, no 2, p. 228-235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To compare perceptions among continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and healthcare personnel with regard to informational needs, side-effects and their consequences on adherence.

    Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used including 350 CPAP treated OSAS patients from three Swedish hospitals and 105 healthcare personnel from 26 Swedish hospitals. Data collection was performed using two questionnaires covering informational needs, side-effects and adherence to CPAP.

    Results: Both groups perceived all surveyed informational areas as very important. Patients perceived the possibilities to learn as significantly greater in all areas (p < 0.001) compared to healthcare personnel, and scored significantly higher regarding positive effects on adherence of information about pathophysiology (p < 0.05), self-care (p < 0.001) and troubleshooting (p < 0.01). A total of I I out of 15 surveyed side-effects were perceived to be more frequent by healthcare personnel (p < 0.01 - p < 0.001). They also scored all side-effects to cause greater problems and decrease the CPAP use to a greater extent (p < 0.001).

    Conclusion: Knowledge about these differences between patients and healthcare personnel regarding educational needs, side-effects and their effects on adherence can be important when designing educational programmes to increase CPAP adherence.

    Practice implications: Measurement of these parameters before, during and after educational programs are suggested.

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  • 12.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ståhlkrantz, A
    n/a.
    Albers, J
    n/a.
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, O
    n/a.
    Uhlin, Fredrik
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Difference in clinical characteristics, self rated sleep and daytime sleepiness between hypertensive patients with or without risk of obstructive sleep apnoea - a pilot study in a primary care setting2008In: ESC - European Society of Cardiology EruoPRevent Congress, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, O
    County Hospital Ryhov, Sweden .
    Johansson, P
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting.
    Svensson, E
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden .
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Symptoms among hypertensive patients with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in primary care - a structural equation model analysis in JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, vol 21, issue SI, pp 230-2302012In: JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Wiley-Blackwell , 2012, Vol. 21, no SI, p. 230-230Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 14.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of ENT, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Franzén Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. School of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensive outpatients in primary care —  Associations with sleep complaints, depressive symptoms and global perceived health2013In: Open Journal of Nursing, ISSN 2162-5336, E-ISSN 2162-5344, ISSN 2162-5336, Vol. 03, no 06, p. 445-452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: 1) To describe the prevalence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depressive symptoms in hypertensive men and women below 65 years of age, and 2) to describe the association of OSA to subjective sleep complaints, depressive symptoms and global perceived health. Design: Cross-sectional design focusing on nursing care outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea. Setting: Four primary care health centres in Sweden. PATIENTS: 411 consecutive patients (52% women), mean age 57.9 years (SD 5.9 years), with diagnosed hypertension (BP > 140/90). Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of OSA and depressive symptoms, and association of OSA to sleep complaints, depressive symptoms and global perceived health. RESULTS: Mild, moderate and severe OSA was seen among 29%, 16% and 14% of patients, respectively. Depressive symptoms were seen in 16% of the total group, with a higher prevalence among men, compared to women, 21% vs. 12%. No differences were found regarding blood pressure, estimated sleep need, sleep sufficiency index, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness or depressive symptoms with respect to different degrees of OSA. Apnea-hypopnea index was significantly associated to perceived health after adjustment for gender and comorbidities, but when depressive symptoms and non-restorative sleep were added to the model, 33% of the variance in global perceived health was explained. Conclusion: OSA is highly prevalent among patients with hypertension in primary care and does together with sleep complaints and depressive symptoms have a negative impact on global perceived health. Hypertensive patients without subjective sleep complaints or depressive symptoms may still have OSA

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  • 15.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Franzén Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. School of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, Linneaeus University, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Riegel, Barbara
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, USA.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Factors associated with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensive primary care patients2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 107-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. In hypertensive primary care patients below 65 years of age, (i) to describe the occurrence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and (ii) to identify the determinants of moderate/severe OSA. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Four primary care health centres in Sweden. Patients. 411 consecutive patients (52% women), mean age 57.9 years (SD 5.9 years), with diagnosed and treated hypertension (BP >140/90). Main outcome measures. Occurrence of OSA as measured by the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI). Results. Mild (AHI 5–14.9/h) and moderate/severe (AHI > 15/h) OSA were seen among 29% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Comparing those without OSA with those with mild or moderate/severe OSA, no differences were found in blood pressure, pharmacological treatment (anti-hypertensive, anti-depressive, and hypnotics), sleep, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, or depressive symptoms. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was seen in 30% and 68% of the patients with mild and moderate/severe OSA, respectively. Male gender, BMI > 30 kg/m2, snoring, witnessed apnoeas, and sleep duration >8 hours were determinants of obstructive sleep apnoea. Conclusion. Previously undiagnosed OSA is common among patients with hypertension in primary care. Obesity, snoring, witnessed apnoeas, long sleep duration, and male gender were the best predictors of OSA, even in the absence of daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms. 

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  • 16.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Franzén Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Riegel, Barbara
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, USA.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Factors associated with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensive primary care patients2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 107-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. In hypertensive primary care patients below 65 years of age, (i) to describe the occurrence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and (ii) to identify the determinants of moderate/severe OSA. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Four primary care health centres in Sweden. Patients. 411 consecutive patients (52% women), mean age 57.9 years (SD 5.9 years), with diagnosed and treated hypertension (BP andgt; 140/90). Main outcome measures. Occurrence of OSA as measured by the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI). Results. Mild (AHI 5-14.9/h) and moderate/severe (AHI andgt; 15/h) OSA were seen among 29% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Comparing those without OSA with those with mild or moderate/severe OSA, no differences were found in blood pressure, pharmacological treatment (anti-hypertensive, anti-depressive, and hypnotics), sleep, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, or depressive symptoms. Obesity (BMI andgt; 30 kg/m(2)) was seen in 30% and 68% of the patients with mild and moderate/severe OSA, respectively. Male gender, BMI andgt; 30 kg/m(2), snoring, witnessed apnoeas, and sleep duration andgt; 8 hours were determinants of obstructive sleep apnoea. Conclusion. Previously undiagnosed OSA is common among patients with hypertension in primary care. Obesity, snoring, witnessed apnoeas, long sleep duration, and male gender were the best predictors of OSA, even in the absence of daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms.

  • 17.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Svensson, Erland
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Symptom profile of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensive outpatients in primary care: a structural equation model analysis2012In: Quality in Primary Care, ISSN 1479-1072, E-ISSN 1479-1064, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 287-298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been linked to hypertension in sleep clinic populations, but little is known about the symptom profile of undiagnosed OSA in hypertensive outpatients in primary care.

    AIM:

    To explore characteristics associated with undiagnosed  OSA in hypertensive primary care patients.

    METHODS:

    Cross-sectional design, including 411 consecutive patients (52% women), mean age 57.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.9 years), with diagnosed hypertension (blood pressure >140/90 mmHg) from four primary care centres. All subjects  underwent a full-night, home-based, respiratory recording to establish the presence and severity of OSA. Clinical variables, medication and comorbidities, as well as data from self-rating scales regarding symptoms/characteristics, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms  and health were collected during a clinical examination. Factor analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to explore the relationships between self-rated symptoms, clinical characteristics and objectively verified diagnosis of OSA. Main outcome: Measures symptom  profile of undiagnosed OSA (as measured by the Apnoea/Hypopnoea Index [AHI]) in hypertensive outpatients in primary care.

    RESULTS:

    Fifty-nine percent of the patients had an AHI ≥ 5/hour indicating OSA. An exploratory factor analysis based on 19 variables yielded a six-factor model  (anthropometrics, blood pressure, OSA-related symptoms, comorbidity, health complaints and physical activity) explaining 58% of the variance. SEM analyses showed strong significant associations between anthropometrics (body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference) (0.45), OSA-related  symptoms (snoring, witnessed apnoeas, dry mouth) (0.47) and AHI. No direct effects of OSA on comorbidities, blood pressure, dyssomnia or self-rated health were observed.

    CONCLUSION:

    OSA was highly prevalent and was directly associated with anthropometrics and OSA-related symptoms  (snoring, witnessed apnoeas and dry mouth in the morning). When meeting patients with hypertension, these characteristics could be used by general practitioners to identify patients who are in need of referral to a sleep clinic for OSA evaluation.

  • 18.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gender differences in respiratory disturbance, sleep and daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients with different degrees of obesity2013In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 140-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Hypertension (HT) and obesity have both been linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Difficulties have been described in identifying patients with OSA in primary care, causing low referral rates to sleep clinics. Increased knowledge about gender-specific characteristics and symptoms may help to identify patients.

    Aim

    The aim was to describe gender differences regarding undiagnosed OSA, self-rated sleep, insomnia and daytime sleepiness in middle-aged primary care patients with HT and different degrees of obesity.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional design was used and 394 patients (52.5% women), mean age 57.8 years (SD 6.7 years), with HT (BP >140/90 mmHg) were included. Clinical examinations, respiratory recordings and self-rated scales regarding OSA symptoms, sleep, insomnia and daytime sleepiness were used. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the criteria from the National Institutes of Health.

    Results

    Pre-obesity and obesity classes I and II were seen among 53%, 26% and 8% of the men and 37%, 19% and 14% of the women, respectively. Occurrence of mild, moderate and severe OSA increased significantly across the BMI classes for both genders (p<0.01). Ninety percent of the men and 80% of the women in obesity class II had OSA. Insomnia was prevalent in obese patients. Other clinical variables did not differ between BMI classes or genders.

    Conclusion

    The occurrence of overweight/obesity and OSA was high among both genders. A high BMI might be a convenient clinical marker for healthcare personnel to identify hypertensive patients with possible OSA in need of further evaluation and treatment.

  • 19.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Gender differences in respiratory disturbance, sleep and daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients with different degrees of obesity2013In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 140-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Hypertension (HT) and obesity have both been linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Difficulties have been described in identifying patients with OSA in primary care, causing low referral rates to sleep clinics. Increased knowledge about gender-specific characteristics and symptoms may help to identify patients. Aim: The aim was to describe gender differences regarding undiagnosed OSA, self-rated sleep, insomnia and daytime sleepiness in middle-aged primary care patients with HT and different degrees of obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used and 394 patients (52.5% women), mean age 57.8 years (SD 6.7 years), with HT (BP >140/90 mmHg) were included. Clinical examinations, respiratory recordings and self-rated scales regarding OSA symptoms, sleep, insomnia and daytime sleepiness were used. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the criteria from the National Institutes of Health. Results: Pre-obesity and obesity classes I and II were seen among 53%, 26% and 8% of the men and 37%, 19% and 14% of the women, respectively. Occurrence of mild, moderate and severe OSA increased significantly across the BMI classes for both genders (p<0.01). Ninety percent of the men and 80% of the women in obesity class II had OSA. Insomnia was prevalent in obese patients. Other clinical variables did not differ between BMI classes or genders. Conclusion: The occurrence of overweight/obesity and OSA was high among both genders. A high BMI might be a convenient clinical marker for healthcare personnel to identify hypertensive patients with possible OSA in need of further evaluation and treatment.

  • 20.
    Broström, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Franzén Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science.
    The attitudes to CPAP treatment inventory: development and initial validation of a new tool for measuring attitudes to CPAP treatment2011In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 460-471Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), but low adherence rates are common. The aim was to develop the attitudes to CPAP treatment inventory (ACTI), and to investigate the validity and reliability of the instrument among patients with OSAS. ACTI was developed on the basis of: (i) in-depth interviews with 23 patients; (ii) examination of the scientific literature; and (iii) consensus agreement of a multi-professional expert panel. This yielded five different types of attitudes to CPAP treatment. A prospective longitudinal design was used. Two-hundred and eighty-nine patients with OSAS were recruited at three different CPAP centres. Data were collected with ACTI and obtained from medical records. The homogeneity and internal consistency reliability were satisfactorily reflected by the item-total correlations (0.59-0.81) and Cronbachs alpha (0.89), respectively. Construct validity was confirmed with factor analysis (principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation; PCF). The PCF based on baseline data resulted in a one single-factor solution explaining 69% of the total variance. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed 2 weeks after CPAP initiation, resulting in the same factor solution. No indication of uniform differential item functioning was found. The predictive validity was tested with receiver operating characteristic analyses, and a cut-off of 10 on the ACTI gave a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 44% for CPAP termination within 6 months. The satisfactory measurement properties of this new pragmatic instrument are promising and indicate that ACTI can be useful in clinical practice to reliably measure attitudes to CPAP treatment.

  • 21.
    Browaldh, Nanna
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Friberg, Danielle
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Nerfeldt, Pia
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    15-year efficacy of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty based on objective and subjective data2011In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, ISSN 0001-6489, E-ISSN 1651-2251, Vol. 131, no 12, p. 1303-1310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Conclusions: This follow-up showed a stable and significant decrease in median oxygen desaturation index 4% (ODI(4)) values over the years. Approximately two-thirds of the patients fulfilled the success criteria (ODI4 reduction of 50% and andlt;20) after 15 years. A majority had improved/cured excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and were satisfied. No increased mortality rate was seen. Objectives: To evaluate sleep apnoea recordings and symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome 15 years after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) compared to baseline and previous follow-ups. Methods: This was a non-randomized, prospective intervention study on 50 patients who underwent UPPP during 1985-88. Their initial median age was 49 years (range 38-71) and ODI4 was 26.5 (4-82). Results: In all, 13 patients had died; 26 patients underwent sleep apnoea recordings. Median ODI4 had decreased from 26.5 (range 4-82) to 8.5 (0-60), p andlt; 0.01, a mean reduction of 52%; 65% of patients achieved the success criteria. One-third was objectively categorized as non-snorers. Median body mass index was unchanged. The questionnaires were answered by 32 of 37 patients; 88% reported improved or cured EDS and 78% were satisfied. Pharyngeal disturbances ratings were low. The standardized mortality rate did not differ from the general Swedish population.

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  • 22.
    Browaldh, Nanna
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Friberg, Danielle
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Nerfeldt, Pia
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Correction: 15-year efficacy of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty based on objective and subjective data (vol 1303–1310, pg 1303, 2011, DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.616912)2012In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, ISSN 0001-6489, E-ISSN 1651-2251, Vol. 132, no 5, p. 570-570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 23.
    Crafoord, Kristina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kjølhede, Preben
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pelvic floor neuropathy in relation to symptoms, anatomy and outcome of vaginal prolapse surgery: a neurophysiologic studyManuscript (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aims of this study were to analyze whether neurophysiologic findings of pelvic floor muscles could predict preoperative symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and the extent and degree of pelvic organ prolapse and to investigate associations between neurophysiologic findings and the anatomic and subjective outcome of surgery. Forty two women with prolapse stage 2-3 were preoperatively examined with pudendal nerve neurography and concentric needle electromyography of the pubococcygeus and the external anal sphincter muscles. Posterior colporrhaphy was part of the prolapse surgery in all women. Anatomical and subjective outcomes were evaluated median six years postoperatively. The electromyographic findings of the pelvic muscles showed some associations with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction but none with degree of prolapse; no discriminatory values were obtained. EMG findings could not predict the outcome of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in terms of changes in symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction or anatomical outcome.

  • 24.
    Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Swahn, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep-activity profile and quality of life in patients with stable coronary disease2003In: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 26, no Abstract supplement, p. A357-A357Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Previous studies have examined the relationship between initiation sleep difficulties and quality of life. However, when reviewing the literature in this area we found no reports of a relationship between evening physical activity and health related quality of life in patients with coronary disease. This study was designed to investigate assumed sleep, circadian rhythm, evening physical activity and health related quality of life.

    Methods: Twenty-six men and 21 women, mean age 64.0 (SD 8.9) years and 63 (SD 9.3) years, respectively, with stable angina pectoris were included. For assessment of health related quality of life the patients completed the SF36 questionnaire. The data were compared with those for men and women in the general Swedish population. Physical activity was continuously recorded at home, using actigraphy with an integral light recorder (Model AW-L, Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd, UK) in 1-minute epochs during one week. The data were downloaded by Actiwatch Reader and imported to the Actiwatch software for Windows 98.

    Results: Average time of going to bed was 22.37, sleep latency 27 minutes, assumed sleep duration 7.59 hr, time in bed 8.56 hr and sleep efficiency 79.2%. No differences were found during the seven nights. Nonparametric analysis of the circadian rhythm showed that 39 of 47 patients had the lowest 5-hour count activity onset at 00.00 p.m. and 41of 47 patients had the maximal 10 hr count onset 08.00 a.m. or later. Sleep analysis indicated reduced activity in the evening (p.m. 06.00-09.00). Some actigraphic parameters of the evening activity associated significantly with circadian rhythm parameters. Compared to the general Swedish population, the patients ́ health related quality of life waspoor. Linear stepwise regression analysis showed that reduced activity 3 evenings/week significantly explained health related quality of life in32.3% of role function outcome, due to physical causes (p=0.0001) and in 24.7% (p<0.01) of social function, whereas reduced activity 2 evenings/week explained 20% (p<0.01) of body pain.

    Conclusions: These data indicate that sleep-activity profile is associated with health related quality of life in patients with stable angina pectoris.

  • 25.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, U
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Swahn, E
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ejdeback, J
    Svanborg, E
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tygesen, H
    Johansson, A
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hyperarousal, insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with previous history of myocardial infarction2007In: Sleep and Biological Rhythms, ISSN 1446-9235, E-ISSN 1479-8425, Vol. 5, p. A154-A154Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 26.
    Elfström, Maria
    et al.
    Jönköping University.
    Karlsson, Susanne
    Jönköping University.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Jönköping University.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Decisive Situations Affecting Partners Support to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure-Treated Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome A Critical Incident Technique Analysis of the Initial Treatment Phase2012In: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 0889-4655, E-ISSN 1550-5049, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 228-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Research Objective: Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce morbidity and mortality, but adherence rates are low. The partner has an important role in supporting the patient, but this role may be adversely affected by difficulties during the early phase of the CPAP initiation. The aim of this study was to explore and describe decisive situations affecting partners support to patients with OSAS and how the partners manage these situations during the initial phase of CPAP treatment. Subjects and Methods: A qualitative descriptive design using critical incident technique was used. A total of 542 decisive situations affecting partners support and 222 situations describing managing were collected by means of interviews with 25 strategically selected partners of patients with CPAP treated OSAS. Results: Adverse effects, limited effect, practical and psychosocial problems, limited presence, and inappropriate initiation emerged as negative influences on the partners support. A well-functioning treatment, improvements, high motivation, and receiving support from others were identified as positive influences on the partners support. The partner managed the situations by letting the patient handle the CPAP treatment by himself/herself, by handling the treatment together with the patient, or taking over the handling of CPAP treatment. Conclusion: Increased knowledge about the different situations that affect the partners support negatively or positively and how these situations are managed by partners can be used in educational situations involving both patients and partners during CPAP initiation.

  • 27.
    Engman, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gender and medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Wijma, Barbro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gender and medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Surface electromyography diagnostics in women with partial vaginismus with or without vulvar vestibulitis and in asymptomatic women2004In: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, ISSN 0167-482X, Vol. 25, no 3/4, p. 281-294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent women with superficial dyspareunia can be diagnosed for both partial vaginismus (PaV) and vulvar vestibulitis (VVS) and to discover to what extent surface electromyography (sEMG) of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) can distinguish between women with PaV solely, PaV + VVS, and asymptomatic women. A total of 224 consecutive women with superficial dyspareunia were examined clinically for both PaV and VVS diagnoses. We examined 47 women with PaV ± VVS and 27 asymptomatic women with sEMG of the PFM. The results showed that 102/224 women with superficial dyspareunia and 33/47 women with PaV in the sEMG part of the study had both PaV and VVS. All women with VVS had vaginismus, while 42/224 had PaV but not VVS. sEMG measurements revealed no significant differences between the three groups of women (PaV solely, PaV + VVS, and asymptomatic). Almost half of the women with superficial dyspareunia referred to our clinic have both the diagnosis PaV and VVS. sEMG was not a method of any value to distinguish between women with PaV solely, PaV + VVS, or asymptomatic women. The increased tone found clinically in the PFM of women with PaV ± VVS may be of other origin than electrogenic contractions.

  • 28.
    Gati, Istvan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Danielsson, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vrethem, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Lindvall, B
    University Örebro, Örebro, Sweden .
    Häggqvist, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fredriksson, Bengt-Arne
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Department of Medical Specialist.
    SENSORY ATAXIC NEUROPATHY WITH DYSARTHRIA/DYSPHAGIA AND OPHTHALMOPLEGIA (SANDO) - CASE HISTORIES in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, vol 18, issue SI, pp 282-2822011In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Wiley-Blackwell , 2011, Vol. 18, no SI, p. 282-282Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 29. Hagander, LG
    et al.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology .
    Is snoring in the ear of the beholder?2003In: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 26, p. A218-A218Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Hagander, Louise
    et al.
    Karolinska Hospital.
    Harlid, Richard
    Fysiol Lab Stockholm.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Quantitative Sensory Testing in the Oropharynx A Means of Showing Nervous Lesions in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring: A Means of Showing Nervous Lesions in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring2009In: CHEST, ISSN 0012-3692, Vol. 136, no 2, p. 481-489Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It is not fully understood why habitual snoring frequently progresses to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Vibrations per se may cause peripheral nerve lesions. Therefore, snoring vibrations could cause nervous lesions, leading to impaired reflex activation of dilating muscles at inspiration. In this study, the methodology for quantitative sensory testing in the oropharynx was developed, and the presence of sensory nerve lesions in patients with OSAS and snoring was evaluated. Methods: Vibration detection thresholds (VDTs) and/or cold detection thresholds (CDTs) were tested at the tonsillar pillars, tongue, lip, and finger in 23 nonsnoring individuals, 13 habitual snorers (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] andlt; 10), and 31 patients with OSAS (AHI andgt; 20). Results: At tonsillar pillars, there were significant gender differences in both VDT and CDT, with women having lower thresholds. VDT showed no significant differences between any of the three groups when men only, were tested. Two nonsnoring control subjects could not detect vibrations at all. When both genders were tested, there was significant difference only between nonsnorers and patients with OSAS (p = 0.003). CDT showed significant differences between nonsnorers and snorers (p = 0.001) and also between nonsnorers and patients with OSAS (p andlt; 0.001), but not between snorers and patients with OSAS. CDT was easier to test than VDT with low variability in nonsnorers. Conclusions: CDT gave more discriminative results than VDT. Signs of sensory nervous lesions were present in the oropharynx of most patients with OSAS and some snorers, supporting the hypothesis of a progressive oropharyngeal nervous lesion. CDT testing could he a useful clinical method to evaluate the degree of oropharyngeal nervous lesions in patients who snore and in those with OSAS.

  • 31.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Harder, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Loord, Helena
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Käll, Lars-Göran
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery VHN.
    Ydreborg, Kjell
    ORL-Clinic, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping.
    Wallberg, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Long-term effects of radiofrequency ablation of the soft palate on snoring.2010In: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 267, no 1, p. 137-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the study was to evaluate short- and long-term effects of radiofrequency treatment of the soft palate on snoring. Twenty-nine patients with habitual snoring were studied prospectively and treated up to four times at 4-6 week intervals with an Ellman Surgitrone((R)). Electromyography (EMG) of m. palatoglossus was performed in ten patients. Patients and partners evaluated snoring, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness 1 week preoperatively, 6 months and 3-4 years postoperatively. Snoring was reduced postoperatively (P < 0.0001). Sleep time increased, daytime sleepiness was reduced, and the partners slept better after 6 months. However, 3-4 years postoperatively only 25% of patients were satisfied. Another 25% had received additional treatment. EMG was normal in 6/10 patients preoperatively. They all continued to snore postoperatively. Four patients had pathological EMGs; three were responders. In conclusion, radiofrequency treatment for snoring may lead to long-term improvement in one out of four cases. Pre-evaluation with EMG may predict the outcome.

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  • 32.
    Johansson, A
    et al.
    Central Hospital Skovde.
    Swahn, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Ejdeback, J
    Central Hospital Skovde.
    Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep quality, hyperarousal, and sleeplessness behaviour in patients with a previous history of myocardial infarction2008In: JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH,ISSN 0962-1105: Volume 17, 2008, Vol. 17, p. 176-176Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Johansson, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Swahn, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Ejdebäck, Jan
    Hjärtkliniken, Kärnsjukhuset i Skövde.
    Tygesen, Hans
    Hjärt-och lungkliniken, Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Borås.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep, arousal and health-related quality of life in men and women with coronary artery disease.2011In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 20, no 19-20, p. 2787-2801Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. To evaluate whether there are gender differences in insomnia, sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%), general arousal, disease-specific and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease, compared with an age- and gender-matched randomly selected group from the general population.

    Background.  There are gender difference effects of sleep disturbances in the general population, but this perspective among patients with coronary artery disease has been poorly analysed.

    Design.  In this prospective study, comparative, descriptive and model testing designs were used.

    Method.  The patients with coronary artery disease, 556 men and 324 women aged 25–86, were compared with a matched population-based group. Data were collected by validated and reliability-tested questionnaires.

    Results.  The prevalence of severe insomnia varied between 17–44% in all four groups. The severe insomniac coronary artery disease patients displayed a two- or threefold higher presleep arousal, had two hours shorter nocturnal sleep duration/night and were more limited in their physical exercise level than the population-based group. Gender differences in sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%) and general arousal disappeared with increased insomnia severity.

    Conclusions.  Independent of gender, age and comorbidity, physical exercise, general arousal behaviour and delayed poststress recovery after mental stress were found to have a negative impact on the coronary artery disease patients’ sleep quality and sleep efficiency (%), interfering with their health-related quality of life. The variables significantly explained 41% of the sleep quality outcome and 29% of the sleep efficiency (%).

    Relevance to clinical practice.  Insomnia because of hyperarousal behaviour can be an important factor in the development of an individual self-care management programme supported by a healthcare team.

  • 34.
    Johansson, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Windahl, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Fredrichsen, Maria
    Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Palliative Research Unit, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Swahn, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Yngman Uhlin, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Perceptions of how sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in patients with coronary heart disease: A phenomenographical study2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 467-475Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A framework is needed for identifying internal and external factors essential for the nursing management of psychological supportive health care and education for patients' self-care in sleep. In order to generate more knowledge from the patient's perspective, the aim of this study was to describe how patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) perceive that their sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in outpatient care. Qualitative interviews were performed with 33 outpatients. The data were analysed using a phenomenographic method. Three descriptive categories of the phenomenon were described: my lifestyle is reflected in my sleep behaviour, handling the practices around tiredness and sleep, and feelings of negative and positive efficacy. Feelings of tiredness, fatigue and sleepiness were different pre-sleep stages, but were also related to the patient's adaptation and recovery. Creating one's own personal time and feelings of efficacy gave an inner sense of strength which is indicated as being particularly important in managing stress and the demands of everyday life in a satisfactory manner. From a contextual, holistic perspective on health, it is important to identify the patient's needs, symptoms and intentional or unintentional self-care management strategies regarding sleep and lifestyle. To promote a positive health outcome it is essential to identify sleeplessness behaviour and perceived self-efficacy for self-care in sleep. © 2007 Nordic College of Caring Science.

  • 35. Johansson, P
    et al.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY-LIVING POPULATION - RELATIONSHIP TO CARDIAC FUNCTION, INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS2009In: In Sleep Vol 32, 2009, Vol. 32, p. A213-A214Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Clinical characteristics and mortality risk in relation to obstructive and central sleep apnoea in community-dwelling elderly individuals: a 7-year follow-up2012In: Age and Ageing, ISSN 0002-0729, E-ISSN 1468-2834, Vol. 41, no 4, p. 468-474Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methods: a total of 331 community-dwelling elderly aged 71-87 years underwent a clinical examination and one-night polygraphic recordings in their homes. Mortality data were collected after seven years. Results: a total of 55% had SDB, 38% had OSA and 17% had CSA. Compared with those with no SDB and OSA, more participants with CSA had a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% (LVEF less than 50%) ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke. There was no difference in the rate of IHD and TIA/stroke between OSA and no SDB, but more LVEF less than 50% was found in those with OSA. CSA significantly increased the risk for all-cause (P = 0.002) and CV mortality (P = 0.018) by more than two times. After adjustments for CV disease, diabetes and the biomarker NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide CSA associations to all-cause mortality and CV mortality lost significance. Conclusion: OSA, in persons greater than 75 years does not appear to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) disease or mortality, whereas CSA might be a pathological marker of CVD and impaired systolic function associated with higher mortality.

  • 37.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep disordered breathing in an elderly community-living population - relationship to cardiac function, insomnia symptoms and daytime sleepiness2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep disordered breathing in an elderly community-living population: Relationship to cardiac function, insomnia symptoms and daytime sleepiness2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 9, p. 1005-1011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The relationship between sleep disordered breathing (SDB), systolic function/heart failure in elderly people living in community has not been investigated, nor has insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

    Aim: To describe the prevalence of SDB and its relationship to systolic function, the different insomnia symptoms as well as EDS.

    Method: 331 subjects (71-87 years) underwent echocardiographic examinations and sleep respiratory recordings. Questionnaires were used to evaluate insomnia symptoms and EDS.

    Results: Mild SDB (AHI 5-15), was found in 32%. Moderate SDB (AHI 15-30) occurred in 16%, and 7% had severe SDB (AHI >30). Median AHI was significantly higher (p<0.001) in those with mild impaired systolic function (AHI 11.7) and moderate impaired systolic function (AHI 10.9) compared to those with normal systolic function (AHI 5.0). Mild and moderate impaired systolic function was also independently associated to SDB as indicated by an AHI≥10. Concerning insomnia symptoms and EDS, only difficulties in initiating sleep correlated significantly (p<0.05) with AHI.

    Conclusion: SDB is common among the elderly and may be related to impaired systolic function/heart failure. However, detection of SDB in such population may be problematic since insomnia symptoms and EDS correlated poorly with SDB.

  • 39.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Svensson, Erland
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Determinants of global preceived health in community-dwelling elderly screened for heart failure and sleep-disordered breathing.2010In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 16-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The relationships between heart failure (HF), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), insomnia, depressive symptoms, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), as well as their relationship to Global Perceived Health (GPH) in an elderly community-dwelling population, have not been explored. Data from 331 community-dwelling elderly (71-87 years old) were collected by echocardiography, polygraphy, and specific questionnaires. Factor analyses and structural equation modeling were used to explore the relationships between HF, SDB, sleep, psychosocial factors, and GPH. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses derived a 5-factor model representing SDB, insomnia, systolic function, breathlessness/physical function, and psychosocial function. Structural equation modeling analyses were used to explore the relationships between the 5 factors and to GPH. Sleep-disordered breathing had a weak effect on systolic function, but no effects on any of the other factors or GPH were found. Psychosocial function and breathlessness/physical function directly affected GPH. Indirect effects on GPH, mediated by psychosocial function, were found for breathlessness/physical function and insomnia. Systolic function also had an indirect effect on GPH. The fact that SDB in the elderly has no obvious negative associations to sleep complaints or GPH does not exclude them from being adequately treated for SDB. However, the present study has shown that SDB, by means of self-rated sleep complaints and health-related quality of life, can be problematic to detect. Psychosocial function was the most important factor for perceived GPH as it had a direct effect, as well as mediated the factors breathlessness/physical function and insomnia effects, on GPH. This study indicates that interventions in clinical practice targeting psychosocial dysfunction, such as depressive symptoms, could help to improve GPH in the elderly with or without HF.

  • 40.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep disordered breathing in community dwelling elderly: Associations with cardiovascular disease, impaired systolic function, and mortality after a six-year follow-up2011In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 12, no 8, p. 748-753Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and impaired cardiac function are common in elderly people. We investigated the association of SDB and mortality in a community dwelling elderly population, considering CVD and objectively measured impaired cardiac function have been poorly studied thus far. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAim: To investigate whether SDB is a factor that affects mortality in elderly people, with a focus on those with CVD and/or signs of impaired cardiac function. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: A prospective cohort design was used and 331 community dwelling elderly aged 71-87 years underwent one-night polygraphic recordings in the subjects homes. CVD and systolic function were objectively established. Mortality data were collected after 6 years. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: in the total population there were no significant associations between mortality and SOB. In those with CVD and impaired systolic function, as measured by NT-proBNP, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) andgt;= 10 was associated with mortality. The hazard ratio of 3.0 (Cl 95% 1.1-8.6, p = 0.03) remained statistically significant after adjustments for age, gender, diabetes and plasma values of NT-proBNP. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: SOB in community dwelling elderly has no overall association to mortality irrespective of degree of SDB. However, hypoxic events (i.e., ODI andgt;= 10) were associated with mortality in the group who had CVD in combination with impaired systolic function.

  • 41.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Arestedt, Kristoffer
    University of Kalmar.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep disordered breathing, insomnia, and health related quality of life - A comparison between age and gender matched elderly with heart failure or without cardiovascular disease2010In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 108-117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: The aims of this study are (I) to compare the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and insomnia between elderly with heart failure (HF) and age and gender matched elderly without cardiovascular disease (CVD), and (II) to examine the association between HF, SDB and insomnia, as well as their impact on health related quality of life (Hr-QoL). Methods: Three hundred and thirty-one elderly (71-87 years) community-living individuals underwent sleep recordings and echocardiography. Questionnaires assessed insomnia and Hr-QoL. Comparisons were made between age and gender matched individuals with HF (n=36) and without CVD (n=36). Results: The HF group had higher mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (17.6 vs. 6.3, pless than0.001). Moderate/severe SDB was found in 42% of those with HF vs. 8% in those without CVD (p=0.001). Those with HF had more difficulties maintaining sleep (DMS) (72% vs. 50%, p=0.05) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (25% vs. 8%, p=0.05) and scored worse Hr-QoL in five of eight SF-36 domains. In regression analysis SDB had no association to Hr-QoL. DMS associated to the physical-, and non restorative sleep to the mental domain of Hr-QoL. SDB had no correlations to insomnia or EDS. Conclusions: SDB, DMS and EDS are more common in elderly with HF. SDB is not an obvious cause for sleep complaints or poor Hr-QoL in elderly.

  • 42.
    Johansson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Svanborg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Cardiology UHL.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sleep disordered breathing in community dwelling elderly-associations to cardiovascular disease, impaired systolic function and mortality. A six year follow-up in EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, vol 31, issue , pp 234-2342010In: EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, Oxford University Press , 2010, Vol. 31, p. 234-234Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 43.
    Karlsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Elfström, Maria
    Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Broström, Anders
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Department of Nursing Science, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Decisive situations influencing continuous positive airway pressure initiation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome – A critical incident technique analysis from the personnel’s perspective2014In: Journal of Hospital Administration, ISSN 1927-6990, E-ISSN 1927-7008, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 16-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, but adherenceto treatment is low. Interventions such as encouragement, education and cognitive behavioural therapy have affected adherenceto continuous positive airway pressure treatment positively. Currently there are no studies regarding the situation for personnelduring the initiation process of treatment.

    Purpose: The purpose was to describe situations influencing the initiation of continuous positive airway pressure in patientswith obstructive sleep apnea syndrome from a personnel perspective.

    Materials and methods: A qualitative approach using critical incident technique was used. Data were collected through semistructuredinterviews. Thirty one informants were strategically selected from sixteen centres in Sweden.

    Results: Motivation, a prepared patient, communicational aspects and participation of family were described as pedagogicalcircumstances. External conditions, practical experience, the patient’s state of health and adaption to the mask were describedas practical circumstances. The personnel handled the situations in a theoretical, practical and/or an emotional way.

    Conclusions: A better understanding of situations creating barriers or being facilitators, as well as ways to handle these situations,can be used to develop the role of personnel during the initiation process in order to increase continuous positive airwaypressure adherence.

  • 44.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Department of Medical Specialist.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Karlsson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL.
    Craig, A D (Bud)
    Barrow Neurol Institute.
    Insular cortex activation in a patient with "sensed presence"/ecstatic seizures2011In: EPILEPSY and BEHAVIOR, ISSN 1525-5050, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 714-718Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Seizures with an aura of a "sensed presence," a religious emotion, or feelings of euphoria (ecstatic seizures) are characterized by heightened self-awareness. A previous case report on a patient with epilepsy and "sensed presence" as an aura described hypoperfusion in both temporal lobes and a local ictal increase in the left frontoparietal area. A reexamination of the data was suggested by a recent study of patients with ecstatic seizures, which proposed that hyperactivation of the left anterior insula might be a potential cause. Methods: We reanalyzed the laboratory data on the case with "sensed presence" aura using a fusion of SPECT and MR images of the brain, which had not previously been available, and a close examination of the subdural ictal EEG registrations. Results: Examination of the ictal EEG recordings from subdural strip electrodes implanted subtemporally and temporally on both sides showed that seizure activity occurred first at the most medial subtemporal electrode on the left side. From an anatomical point of view, this electrode position is close to the ventral aspect of the left anterior insula, and it is possible that the seizure activity was initiated there. Reexamination of the SPECT data after fusion with contemporary MR images clearly indicated that the region of strong hyperactivation overlies the left anterior insula. Hyperactive regions also appear on the midinsula bilaterally. Together with the neurophysiological ictal EEG, this evidence supports a reinterpretation that this aura of "sensed presence" can be attributed to hyperactivation of the left anterior insula. Conclusion: The present findings support the proposal that ecstatic seizures or "sensed presence" auras can originate from the left anterior insula, a region that has been suggested to engender self-awareness associated with positive feelings.

  • 45.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Hand strength in juvenile chronic arthritis: a two-year follow-up2003In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0001-656X, Vol. 92, no 11, p. 1291-1296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To describe changes in muscle strength in the hands of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and to examine the relationship between muscle strength, presence of local arthritis and disease subtype.

    METHODS: Twenty children (10 girls and 10 boys) with JCA aged 7 to 18 y were followed for two years. Isometric muscle strength in wrist dorsiflexors and handgrip strength were measured repeatedly. The results were compared with reference values for the same methods. Arthritis severity in the hand was scored every third month. Nerve conduction velocities were measured twice.

    RESULTS: Seven out of 20 patients had initially low or decreasing strength in one or both of the two tests. Five out of 20 children had reduced strength (more than two standard deviations below the mean of the reference group) in at least one test. Four children showed a significant reduction in muscle strength in at least one test during the observation time. The greatest reduction in strength was measured in four children with polyarticular disease. These children also had local arthritis in the hand. A greater proportion of children with polyarthritis had low or decreasing strength compared with children with oligoarthritis. The same was true for children with active arthritis in the hand. Nerve conduction velocities were normal in all cases and did not change.

    CONCLUSION: The majority of children with JCA have normal strength in the hand. Some children, especially those with polyarthritis and hand arthritis, have reduced muscle strength in the hand. Risk factors for low or decreasing strength are polyarthritis and/or active arthritis in the hand.

  • 46.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Muscle function in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A two-year follow-up2004Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This is a study of muscle function in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that primarily affects the synovial membrane of joints. Muscle weakness, atrophy and pain occur in adult RA. This may be a consequence of joint pain, stiffness and immobility. Muscle inflammation and neuropathy occur as complications in adults. Muscle function in JIA has been much less studied.

    The aim of the study was to examine whether muscle weakness and atrophy also occur in children with JIA.

    This was a longitudinal study over a two-year period, where muscle strength and thickness were measured repeatedly in a group of 20 children and teenagers with JIA. Muscle strength was measured using different methods and in several muscle groups. Muscle biopsies were obtained and nerve conduction velocity studies performed.

    The study concludes that, compared to healthy people, children and teenagers with JIA have as a group reduced muscle strength and muscle thickness. For most of these children and teenagers, muscle strength is only slightly lower than expected, but a few have marked muscle weakness. This is most apparent in patients with severe polyarthritis where the weakness seems to be widespread. Patients with isolated arthritis may also have greatly reduced strength and thickness of muscles near the inflamed joint.

    There is a risk of decreasing strength in patients with polyarthritis and in muscles near an active arthritis.

    Minor changes are common in muscle biopsies, and findings may indicate immunological activity in the muscles.

    Atrophy of type II fibres, as in adult RA, was not found in JIA.

    No patient had signs of neuropathy.

    List of papers
    1. Muscle function in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Muscle function in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis
    1995 (English)In: Journal of Rheumatology, ISSN 0315-162X, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 1159-1165Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE. Muscle strength and thickness were studied in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) to evaluate their muscle function. METHODS. We studied voluntary isometric, isokinetic, and nonvoluntary isometric muscle strength, as well as muscle thickness, in 20 children with JCA. Thickness of the quadriceps muscle was measured by ultrasound. Results were compared with reference values for healthy children and a matched control group. RESULTS. Isometric muscle strength in knee extensors, elbow flexors, and wrist dorsiflexors was reduced in children with JCA. In muscles near an inflamed joint, the strength was 45-65% of expected value. In muscles without adjacent arthritis, the strength was slightly decreased (80-90% of expected value). Isometric and isokinetic strength in ankle dorsiflexors was reduced only in children with ankle arthritis. Nonvoluntary muscle strength in thumb adductors during electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve was reduced in children with arthritis in the hand. Thickness of the quadriceps muscle was reduced both in children with and without knee arthritis (75 and 90% of expected). CONCLUSION. Children with JCA have reduced muscle strength and thickness, which is most pronounced in muscles near an inflamed joint.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13644 (URN)
    Available from: 2004-05-27 Created: 2004-05-27 Last updated: 2009-08-19
    2. Measurement of Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Bulk in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: A Prospective, Longitudinal, 2 Year Survey
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Measurement of Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Bulk in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: A Prospective, Longitudinal, 2 Year Survey
    1998 (English)In: Journal of Rheumatology, ISSN 0315-162X, Vol. 25, no 11, p. 2240-2248Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: In a prospective survey over a 2-year period we studied strength and bulk of the quadriceps muscle in the thighs of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS: Every third month for 2 years we measured isometric muscle strength in knee extensors with a hand-held dynamometer in 20 children with JCA. Ultrasound equipment was used to measure thigh muscle bulk. A joint evaluation was made using a standard severity score. The children had their ordinary medical treatment and physiotherapy during the observation period. RESULTS: Children with high severity scores in the knee or hip had least strength and muscle bulk. In the 4 children with the highest severity scores muscle strength was reduced to half of that expected. In 10 of the children there were clear variations in severity scores during the study period, for either better or worse. In these children an increase in the severity score correlated significantly with reduction in muscle strength and bulk (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and bulk changed in parallel in these children. Other factors, although not independent, such as polyarticular JCA, long duration of disease, and steroid treatment, also reduced muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The presence and intensity of local arthritis is one important factor affecting muscle function in JCA. Normal muscle strength and bulk is rapidly lost near an inflamed joint. It is difficult to maintain or achieve normal muscle function in the presence of active arthritis despite medical and physical treatment. We assume that the muscle weakness is in part caused by atrophy of the muscle, which is influenced by local arthritis.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13645 (URN)
    Available from: 2004-05-27 Created: 2004-05-27 Last updated: 2009-08-19
    3. Hand strength in juvenile chronic arthritis: a two-year follow-up
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hand strength in juvenile chronic arthritis: a two-year follow-up
    2003 (English)In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0001-656X, Vol. 92, no 11, p. 1291-1296Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To describe changes in muscle strength in the hands of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and to examine the relationship between muscle strength, presence of local arthritis and disease subtype.

    METHODS: Twenty children (10 girls and 10 boys) with JCA aged 7 to 18 y were followed for two years. Isometric muscle strength in wrist dorsiflexors and handgrip strength were measured repeatedly. The results were compared with reference values for the same methods. Arthritis severity in the hand was scored every third month. Nerve conduction velocities were measured twice.

    RESULTS: Seven out of 20 patients had initially low or decreasing strength in one or both of the two tests. Five out of 20 children had reduced strength (more than two standard deviations below the mean of the reference group) in at least one test. Four children showed a significant reduction in muscle strength in at least one test during the observation time. The greatest reduction in strength was measured in four children with polyarticular disease. These children also had local arthritis in the hand. A greater proportion of children with polyarthritis had low or decreasing strength compared with children with oligoarthritis. The same was true for children with active arthritis in the hand. Nerve conduction velocities were normal in all cases and did not change.

    CONCLUSION: The majority of children with JCA have normal strength in the hand. Some children, especially those with polyarthritis and hand arthritis, have reduced muscle strength in the hand. Risk factors for low or decreasing strength are polyarthritis and/or active arthritis in the hand.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13646 (URN)10.1080/08035250310006340 (DOI)
    Available from: 2004-05-27 Created: 2004-05-27 Last updated: 2009-08-19
    4. Muscle involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Muscle involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
    2004 (English)In: Rheumatology, ISSN 1462-0324, Vol. 43, no 12, p. 1546-1554Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: An observational study of changes in muscle structure and the relation to muscle strength in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

    METHODS: Fifteen children and teenagers (eight girls and seven boys) with JIA, aged 9-19 yr (mean age 16.1), were studied. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the anterior tibial muscle and were examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Muscle fibre types were classified and fibre areas measured. As markers of inflammation, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and the membrane attack complex (MAC) were analysed. Results were compared with biopsies from the gastrocnemius muscle in 33 young (19-23 yr) healthy controls. Isometric and isokinetic muscle strengths were measured in ankle dorsiflexion. Strength was compared with reference values for healthy age-matched controls. Nerve conduction velocities were recorded in the peroneal and sural nerves.

    RESULTS: Four of the 15 muscle biopsies were morphologically normal. Eleven biopsies showed minor unspecific changes. Two of these also showed minor signs of inflammation. MHC class II expression was found in 4/15 patients, which was significantly more than in the healthy controls (P = 0.0143). The expression of MHC class I and MAC did not differ from that in the controls. The mean area of type I fibres was lower than that of type IIA fibres in 12/13 biopsies. Muscle strength was significantly reduced in the patient group. There was a significant positive correlation between muscle fibre area and muscle strength. Nerve conduction studies were normal in all cases.

    CONCLUSIONS: Changes in leg muscle biopsies appear to be common in children and teenagers with JIA. The presence of inflammatory cells in the muscle and expression of MHC class II on muscle fibres may be a sign of inflammatory myopathy. There are no findings of type II muscle fibre hypotrophy or neuropathy, as in adults with RA.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13647 (URN)10.1093/rheumatology/keh381 (DOI)
    Available from: 2004-05-27 Created: 2004-05-27 Last updated: 2009-08-19
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 47.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Bäckman, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Muscle function in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis1995In: Journal of Rheumatology, ISSN 0315-162X, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 1159-1165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE. Muscle strength and thickness were studied in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) to evaluate their muscle function. METHODS. We studied voluntary isometric, isokinetic, and nonvoluntary isometric muscle strength, as well as muscle thickness, in 20 children with JCA. Thickness of the quadriceps muscle was measured by ultrasound. Results were compared with reference values for healthy children and a matched control group. RESULTS. Isometric muscle strength in knee extensors, elbow flexors, and wrist dorsiflexors was reduced in children with JCA. In muscles near an inflamed joint, the strength was 45-65% of expected value. In muscles without adjacent arthritis, the strength was slightly decreased (80-90% of expected value). Isometric and isokinetic strength in ankle dorsiflexors was reduced only in children with ankle arthritis. Nonvoluntary muscle strength in thumb adductors during electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve was reduced in children with arthritis in the hand. Thickness of the quadriceps muscle was reduced both in children with and without knee arthritis (75 and 90% of expected). CONCLUSION. Children with JCA have reduced muscle strength and thickness, which is most pronounced in muscles near an inflamed joint.

  • 48.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Lindvall, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Muscle involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis2004In: Rheumatology, ISSN 1462-0324, Vol. 43, no 12, p. 1546-1554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: An observational study of changes in muscle structure and the relation to muscle strength in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

    METHODS: Fifteen children and teenagers (eight girls and seven boys) with JIA, aged 9-19 yr (mean age 16.1), were studied. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the anterior tibial muscle and were examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Muscle fibre types were classified and fibre areas measured. As markers of inflammation, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and the membrane attack complex (MAC) were analysed. Results were compared with biopsies from the gastrocnemius muscle in 33 young (19-23 yr) healthy controls. Isometric and isokinetic muscle strengths were measured in ankle dorsiflexion. Strength was compared with reference values for healthy age-matched controls. Nerve conduction velocities were recorded in the peroneal and sural nerves.

    RESULTS: Four of the 15 muscle biopsies were morphologically normal. Eleven biopsies showed minor unspecific changes. Two of these also showed minor signs of inflammation. MHC class II expression was found in 4/15 patients, which was significantly more than in the healthy controls (P = 0.0143). The expression of MHC class I and MAC did not differ from that in the controls. The mean area of type I fibres was lower than that of type IIA fibres in 12/13 biopsies. Muscle strength was significantly reduced in the patient group. There was a significant positive correlation between muscle fibre area and muscle strength. Nerve conduction studies were normal in all cases.

    CONCLUSIONS: Changes in leg muscle biopsies appear to be common in children and teenagers with JIA. The presence of inflammatory cells in the muscle and expression of MHC class II on muscle fibres may be a sign of inflammatory myopathy. There are no findings of type II muscle fibre hypotrophy or neuropathy, as in adults with RA.

  • 49.
    Lindehammar, Hans
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurophysiology UHL.
    Sandstedt, P.
    Measurement of Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Bulk in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: A Prospective, Longitudinal, 2 Year Survey1998In: Journal of Rheumatology, ISSN 0315-162X, Vol. 25, no 11, p. 2240-2248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: In a prospective survey over a 2-year period we studied strength and bulk of the quadriceps muscle in the thighs of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS: Every third month for 2 years we measured isometric muscle strength in knee extensors with a hand-held dynamometer in 20 children with JCA. Ultrasound equipment was used to measure thigh muscle bulk. A joint evaluation was made using a standard severity score. The children had their ordinary medical treatment and physiotherapy during the observation period. RESULTS: Children with high severity scores in the knee or hip had least strength and muscle bulk. In the 4 children with the highest severity scores muscle strength was reduced to half of that expected. In 10 of the children there were clear variations in severity scores during the study period, for either better or worse. In these children an increase in the severity score correlated significantly with reduction in muscle strength and bulk (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and bulk changed in parallel in these children. Other factors, although not independent, such as polyarticular JCA, long duration of disease, and steroid treatment, also reduced muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The presence and intensity of local arthritis is one important factor affecting muscle function in JCA. Normal muscle strength and bulk is rapidly lost near an inflamed joint. It is difficult to maintain or achieve normal muscle function in the presence of active arthritis despite medical and physical treatment. We assume that the muscle weakness is in part caused by atrophy of the muscle, which is influenced by local arthritis.

  • 50.
    Lindh, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hosseininia, Shahzad
    Yrkes och miljömedicin, Medicinska fakulteten, Teherans universitet, Teheran, Iran.
    Tondel, Martin
    Arbets- och miljömedicin, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Persson, Bodil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Vrethem, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1 and EPHX genotypes in patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy: a case control study2011In: Brain and Behavior, E-ISSN 2162-3279, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 135-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to analyze whether polymorphisms for the null alleles of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1) and Theta-1 (GSTT1) and a low activity genetic variation of epoxide hydrolase exon three (EPHX*3) affect the risk of developing polyneuropathy. The enzymes of these genes are important in the metabolism of toxic compounds. 79 patients with cryptogenic polyneuropathy (equivalent to chronic idiopathic axonal neuropathy) and 398 controls were tested for the genetic polymorphism. Medical records were reviewed to collect data regarding clinical findings at diagnosis, and exposure data was collected via questionnaires. The odds ratios (OR) for the null forms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the normal activity YY form of EPHX*3 were close to one except GSTT1, which reached 1.86. The highest risk of polyneuropathy was found in smokers with GSTT1 null, who had a 3.7 times increased risk. Interactions between genes were analyzed and confirmed the increased odds ratio for GSTT1, which was strongest if the patients had the low activity HH form of EPHX*3 (OR 2.37). Our hypothesis is that the GSTT1 null polymorphism may be related to an impaired metabolism of toxic substances that could lead to nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system.

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