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  • 1.
    Aardal, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ann-Charlotté, Holm
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Cortisol in Saliva: Reference Ranges and Relation to Cortisol in Serum1995In: European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, ISSN 0939-4974, Vol. 33, p. 927-932Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to establish morning and evening reference ranges for cortisol in saliva. Another objective was to compare the concentrations of the mainly free cortisol in saliva to those of total cortisol in serum as determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay. The concentrations were determined in matched samples of saliva and serum collected at 8am and 10pm from 197 healthy volunteers. The saliva samples were stable for at least 7 days at room temperature and for 9 months at —20 °C. Reference ranges, the central 95%, were estimated to 3.5—27.0 nmol/1 at 8 am and < 6.0 nmol/1 at 10 pm. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was below 5% and total CV below 10%. The relation between the cortisol concentrations in serum and saliva was nonlinear with r = 0.86 for serum concentrations < 450 nmol/1 and r = 0.44 for serum concentrations ^ 450 nmol/1. In conclusion, the satisfactory precision of the analysis and the simple non-invasive sampling procedure suggest that saliva may be used for cortisol measurements in situations where blood sampling is difficult to perform.

  • 2.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Salivary cortisol and posttraumatic stress reactions: methodological and applied studies before and after trauma2002Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The field of psychotraumatology has its roots in ancient history. During the past decades, the surveillance of the psychobiological background of reactions to and consequences of traumatic stress has made great progress and the complexity of the human stress response system stands out. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, modulated by various neuroimmunological substances, seems to play a major role in the stress response. However, there are still inconsistencies in explanations of relationships between biological and psychological changes following traumatic stress. Moreover, the matter of predictive factors for the development of posttraumatic morbidity is still in a speculative phase.

    The aims of the present thesis were to further develop a commercial serum cortisol radioimmunoassay (RIA) for determination of cortisol in saliva and to test its reliability, specificity and sensitivity as a biochemical assay. The saliva sampling procedures and sample storage stability were also to be tested. Further issues were to investigate determinations of salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to selfratings of posttraumatic psychological distress and general psychological health. Possible predictive and concurrent validity of salivary cortisol as a biochemical marker for posttraumatic psychological distress were to be tested.

    Cortisol is present in saliva mainly in non-protein form, representing the free, biologically active fraction of the total plasma cortisol concentration. In a first phase of the present thesis, the commercial serum cortisol RIA was modified for determination of cortisol in saliva. The relation between salivary and serum cortisol concentrations was tested. Reference ranges at 8 AM and 10 PM for the salivary cortisol assay were established from 195 healthy subjects. Salivary cortisol concentrations were tested in relation to serum cortisol in estimating adrenocortical function during endocrine dynamic function tests in 37 patients and 13 healthy controls. In testing salivary cortisol as a marker for stress for fieldwork use, a screening study was performed on 66 male rescue workers. Salivary cortisol at 8 AM and 10 PM and serum prolactin were determined and general psychological health and posttraumatic psychological distress were estimated with the self-rating scales General Health Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale and Posttraumatic Symptom Scale. These scales were used in the second phase of the thesis. Three applied follow-up studies were performed with sampling of salivary cortisol and self-ratings: (a) a study of 31 UN-soldiers five days, two and nine months after a mine accident; (b) a study of 145 UN-soldiers before, at return, and two and six month after a six month mission. (c) a study of 101 UN-soldiers six and twelve months after a six month mission with severe combat exposure.

    The results from the present thesis indicate that the modified method of salivary cortisol determination possesses sufficient precision, accuracy, sample storage stability and procedural advantages for laboratory, clinical and field application. Moreover, it possesses moderate predictive information and moderate to high concurrent validity as a biochemical marker for posttraumatic psychological distress.

    List of papers
    1. Cortisol in Saliva: Reference Ranges and Relation to Cortisol in Serum
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cortisol in Saliva: Reference Ranges and Relation to Cortisol in Serum
    1995 (English)In: European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, ISSN 0939-4974, Vol. 33, p. 927-932Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to establish morning and evening reference ranges for cortisol in saliva. Another objective was to compare the concentrations of the mainly free cortisol in saliva to those of total cortisol in serum as determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay. The concentrations were determined in matched samples of saliva and serum collected at 8am and 10pm from 197 healthy volunteers. The saliva samples were stable for at least 7 days at room temperature and for 9 months at —20 °C. Reference ranges, the central 95%, were estimated to 3.5—27.0 nmol/1 at 8 am and < 6.0 nmol/1 at 10 pm. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was below 5% and total CV below 10%. The relation between the cortisol concentrations in serum and saliva was nonlinear with r = 0.86 for serum concentrations < 450 nmol/1 and r = 0.44 for serum concentrations ^ 450 nmol/1. In conclusion, the satisfactory precision of the analysis and the simple non-invasive sampling procedure suggest that saliva may be used for cortisol measurements in situations where blood sampling is difficult to perform.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80129 (URN)10.1515/cclm.1995.33.12.927 (DOI)
    Available from: 2012-08-21 Created: 2012-08-21 Last updated: 2012-08-21Bibliographically approved
    2. Salivary cortisol: an alternative to serum cortisol determinations in dynamic function tests
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Salivary cortisol: an alternative to serum cortisol determinations in dynamic function tests
    1998 (English)In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, ISSN 1434-6621, E-ISSN 1437-4331, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 215-222Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Salivary cortisol was measured as an alternative to serum cortisol as a marker for adrenocortical function following insulin tolerance test, corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation and adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation. During insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation adreno-corticotrophic hormone was also measured. The tests were performed on healthy control subjects as well as on patients under investigation for various disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (insulin tolerance test: 3 controls on two occasions and 14 patients; corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation: 4 controls and 18 patients; adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation: 6 controls and 10 patients). Five patients underwent both insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation. Using criteria for adequate cortisol response in serum, the patients were classified as good or poor responders. In 42 of the 45 tests performed the same conclusion as to cortisol status was drawn when based on serum and salivary cortisol responses. In healthy subjects and good responders the mean cortisol relative increase was greater in saliva than in serum in all three tests (p < 0.05). Characteristic of the results for the insulin tolerance test was a significant initial mean decrease (p < 0.05), not found in serum, and the highest observed salivary cortisol value was delayed for at least 30 minutes compared to that in serum. Plasma adreno-corticotrophic hormone correlated significantly with the cortisol concentrations determined 15 minutes later in serum (r = 0.54–0.64) and in saliva (r = 0.76–0.85). The more pronounced cortisol response in saliva than in serum and its closer correlation with adreno-corticotrophic hormone offer advantages over serum cortisol, suggesting salivary cortisol measurement may be used as an alternative parameter in dynamic endocrine tets.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80133 (URN)10.1515/CCLM.1998.037 (DOI)
    Available from: 2012-08-21 Created: 2012-08-21 Last updated: 2017-12-07Bibliographically approved
    3. Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers
    1999 (English)In: Biological Psychiatry, ISSN 0006-3223, E-ISSN 1873-2402, Vol. 46, no 6, p. 850-855Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Rescue service personnel are often exposed to traumatic events as part of their occupation, and higher prevalence rates of psychiatric illness have been found among this group.

    Methods: In 65 rescue workers, salivary cortisol at 8 am and 10 pm and serum prolactin at 8 am were related to the psychiatric self-rating scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) measuring psychiatric health, and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS) measuring posttraumatic symptoms.

    Results: Seventeen percent of the study population scored above the GHQ-28 cut-off limit but none scored beyond the cut-off limit in the IES and PTSS questionnaires. Salivary cortisol concentration at 10 pm correlated with statistical significance to anxiety (p < .005) and depressive symptoms (p < .01) measured with GHQ-28, as well as to posttraumatic symptoms, with avoidance behavior measured with IES (p < .01) and PTSS (p < .005). Two of the rescue workers were followed over time with the same sampling procedure after a major rescue commission.

    Conclusions: The correlation between evening salivary cortisol and anxiety, depressiveness, and posttraumatic avoidance symptoms indicates that these parameters can be used in screening and follow-up after traumatic stress events.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24816 (URN)10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00381-3 (DOI)9214 (Local ID)9214 (Archive number)9214 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
    4. Salivary cortisol, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and general health in the acute phase and during 9-month follow-up
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Salivary cortisol, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and general health in the acute phase and during 9-month follow-up
    2001 (English)In: Biological Psychiatry, ISSN 0006-3223, E-ISSN 1873-2402, Vol. 50, no 12, p. 986-993Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Because traumatic events are unpredictable, there are few studies of psychobiological states immediately following such events. Our study aimed to determine the relation of salivary cortisol to psychologic distress immediately after a traumatic event and then during follow-up.

    Methods: Measurement of morning and evening salivary cortisol and ratings of psychologic distress (using the Impact of Events Scale [IES], the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire) were performed with 31 United Nations soldiers at three time points—5 days and 2 and 9 months—following a mine accident in Lebanon.

    Results: Five days after the accident, 15 subjects reported substantial posttraumatic distress according to the IES, as well as significantly lower morning and higher evening cortisol levels compared with the low-impact group. Within 9 months, the posttraumatic distress of the high-impact group was reduced, accompanied by an increase in morning and a decrease in evening cortisol levels. There were significant relationships between evening cortisol and all rating scales at the first and third time points.

    Conclusions: Subclinical posttraumatic stress following an adverse event can be measured biologically via salivary cortisol levels soon after the event.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24817 (URN)10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01253-7 (DOI)9215 (Local ID)9215 (Archive number)9215 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
    5. Pre-trauma Salivary Cortisol Levels and General Health Ratings in Relation to Post-trauma Changes in Cortisol and Psychological Distress after UN-service in Bosnia
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pre-trauma Salivary Cortisol Levels and General Health Ratings in Relation to Post-trauma Changes in Cortisol and Psychological Distress after UN-service in Bosnia
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The psychobiology of post-traumatic distress is known to some extent, however the pre-trauma psychobiology is not. The aims of the present study were to relate pre- and post-trauma salivary cortisol levels and general health to post-traumatic distress in a Swedish UN-battalion in Bosnia.

    Methods: Salivary 8 AM and I 0 PM cortisol levels and "General Health Questionnaire" ratings were collected from 145 subjects before the six months' mission, at return and two and six months after mission. During follow-up, the ratings were extended by the "Impact of Events Scale" (IES) and "Post Traumatic Symptom Scale".

    Results: Low pre-trauma morning and evening salivary cortisol levels were statistically significantly related to high scores in all rating scales six months after mission and to increasing IES scores during follow-up. Low morning and high evening post-trauma salivary cortisol levels were related to high ratings of psychological distress six months after mission

    Conclusions: Pre-trauma salivary cortisol levels seem to be related to posttrauma psychological distress, however not to the extent that salivary cortisol levels in a simple way could be used for predictive screening.

    Keywords
    Saliva, cortisol, relation to, rating scales, traumatic stress, UN-soldiers
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80134 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-08-21 Created: 2012-08-21 Last updated: 2012-08-21Bibliographically approved
    6. Twelve Months Follow-up of Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Psychological Distress and General Health in Swedish UN-personnel after Severe Combat Exposure during Six Months Mission in Bosnia
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Twelve Months Follow-up of Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Psychological Distress and General Health in Swedish UN-personnel after Severe Combat Exposure during Six Months Mission in Bosnia
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Our group has presented evidence of relationships between salivary cortisol levels and psychological distress before, during and after trauma-related stress. The aim of the present study was to confirm the part of evidence of relationships between salivary cortisol and posttraumatic distress and their change over time.

    Methods: Salivary cortisol levels at 8 AM and 10 PM and self-ratings were collected from 106 subjects six and twelve months after a six months UNmission in Bosnia. The rating instruments were the "Impact of Event Scale" (IES), the "Post Traumatic Symptom Scale" and the "General Health Questionnaire".

    Results: Significant statistical interactions were found between changes in mean cortisol levels and IES scores over time. Decreasing evening cortisol levels over time were significantly related to decreasing IES scores and vice versa. Morning cortisol levels showed negative, and evening cortisol positive correlations with all rating scores.

    Conclusions: The evidence from previous studies on trauma related stress, that salivary cortisol is related to the development of posttraumatic stress reactions, the morning cortisol in reverse (negative) direction to that (positive) of evening cortisol, were confirmed.

    Keywords
    Saliva, cortisol, follow-up, relation to, rating scales, traumatic stress, UN-soldiers
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80136 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-08-21 Created: 2012-08-21 Last updated: 2012-08-21Bibliographically approved
  • 3.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Thomas E.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Thorell, Lars-Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pre-trauma Salivary Cortisol Levels and General Health Ratings in Relation to Post-trauma Changes in Cortisol and Psychological Distress after UN-service in BosniaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The psychobiology of post-traumatic distress is known to some extent, however the pre-trauma psychobiology is not. The aims of the present study were to relate pre- and post-trauma salivary cortisol levels and general health to post-traumatic distress in a Swedish UN-battalion in Bosnia.

    Methods: Salivary 8 AM and I 0 PM cortisol levels and "General Health Questionnaire" ratings were collected from 145 subjects before the six months' mission, at return and two and six months after mission. During follow-up, the ratings were extended by the "Impact of Events Scale" (IES) and "Post Traumatic Symptom Scale".

    Results: Low pre-trauma morning and evening salivary cortisol levels were statistically significantly related to high scores in all rating scales six months after mission and to increasing IES scores during follow-up. Low morning and high evening post-trauma salivary cortisol levels were related to high ratings of psychological distress six months after mission

    Conclusions: Pre-trauma salivary cortisol levels seem to be related to posttrauma psychological distress, however not to the extent that salivary cortisol levels in a simple way could be used for predictive screening.

  • 4.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Thomas E.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Thorell, Lars-Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Salivary cortisol, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and general health in the acute phase and during 9-month follow-up2001In: Biological Psychiatry, ISSN 0006-3223, E-ISSN 1873-2402, Vol. 50, no 12, p. 986-993Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Because traumatic events are unpredictable, there are few studies of psychobiological states immediately following such events. Our study aimed to determine the relation of salivary cortisol to psychologic distress immediately after a traumatic event and then during follow-up.

    Methods: Measurement of morning and evening salivary cortisol and ratings of psychologic distress (using the Impact of Events Scale [IES], the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire) were performed with 31 United Nations soldiers at three time points—5 days and 2 and 9 months—following a mine accident in Lebanon.

    Results: Five days after the accident, 15 subjects reported substantial posttraumatic distress according to the IES, as well as significantly lower morning and higher evening cortisol levels compared with the low-impact group. Within 9 months, the posttraumatic distress of the high-impact group was reduced, accompanied by an increase in morning and a decrease in evening cortisol levels. There were significant relationships between evening cortisol and all rating scales at the first and third time points.

    Conclusions: Subclinical posttraumatic stress following an adverse event can be measured biologically via salivary cortisol levels soon after the event.

  • 5.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Thomas E.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Thorell, Lars-Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Twelve Months Follow-up of Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Psychological Distress and General Health in Swedish UN-personnel after Severe Combat Exposure during Six Months Mission in BosniaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Our group has presented evidence of relationships between salivary cortisol levels and psychological distress before, during and after trauma-related stress. The aim of the present study was to confirm the part of evidence of relationships between salivary cortisol and posttraumatic distress and their change over time.

    Methods: Salivary cortisol levels at 8 AM and 10 PM and self-ratings were collected from 106 subjects six and twelve months after a six months UNmission in Bosnia. The rating instruments were the "Impact of Event Scale" (IES), the "Post Traumatic Symptom Scale" and the "General Health Questionnaire".

    Results: Significant statistical interactions were found between changes in mean cortisol levels and IES scores over time. Decreasing evening cortisol levels over time were significantly related to decreasing IES scores and vice versa. Morning cortisol levels showed negative, and evening cortisol positive correlations with all rating scores.

    Conclusions: The evidence from previous studies on trauma related stress, that salivary cortisol is related to the development of posttraumatic stress reactions, the morning cortisol in reverse (negative) direction to that (positive) of evening cortisol, were confirmed.

  • 6.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Holm, Ann-Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundin, Tom
    Department of Psychiatry, Uppsala Academic Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala (TL), Sweden.
    Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers1999In: Biological Psychiatry, ISSN 0006-3223, E-ISSN 1873-2402, Vol. 46, no 6, p. 850-855Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Rescue service personnel are often exposed to traumatic events as part of their occupation, and higher prevalence rates of psychiatric illness have been found among this group.

    Methods: In 65 rescue workers, salivary cortisol at 8 am and 10 pm and serum prolactin at 8 am were related to the psychiatric self-rating scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) measuring psychiatric health, and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS) measuring posttraumatic symptoms.

    Results: Seventeen percent of the study population scored above the GHQ-28 cut-off limit but none scored beyond the cut-off limit in the IES and PTSS questionnaires. Salivary cortisol concentration at 10 pm correlated with statistical significance to anxiety (p < .005) and depressive symptoms (p < .01) measured with GHQ-28, as well as to posttraumatic symptoms, with avoidance behavior measured with IES (p < .01) and PTSS (p < .005). Two of the rescue workers were followed over time with the same sampling procedure after a major rescue commission.

    Conclusions: The correlation between evening salivary cortisol and anxiety, depressiveness, and posttraumatic avoidance symptoms indicates that these parameters can be used in screening and follow-up after traumatic stress events.

  • 7.
    Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Karlberg, Bengt E.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Holm, Ann-Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Salivary cortisol: an alternative to serum cortisol determinations in dynamic function tests1998In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, ISSN 1434-6621, E-ISSN 1437-4331, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 215-222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Salivary cortisol was measured as an alternative to serum cortisol as a marker for adrenocortical function following insulin tolerance test, corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation and adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation. During insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation adreno-corticotrophic hormone was also measured. The tests were performed on healthy control subjects as well as on patients under investigation for various disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (insulin tolerance test: 3 controls on two occasions and 14 patients; corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation: 4 controls and 18 patients; adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation: 6 controls and 10 patients). Five patients underwent both insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation. Using criteria for adequate cortisol response in serum, the patients were classified as good or poor responders. In 42 of the 45 tests performed the same conclusion as to cortisol status was drawn when based on serum and salivary cortisol responses. In healthy subjects and good responders the mean cortisol relative increase was greater in saliva than in serum in all three tests (p < 0.05). Characteristic of the results for the insulin tolerance test was a significant initial mean decrease (p < 0.05), not found in serum, and the highest observed salivary cortisol value was delayed for at least 30 minutes compared to that in serum. Plasma adreno-corticotrophic hormone correlated significantly with the cortisol concentrations determined 15 minutes later in serum (r = 0.54–0.64) and in saliva (r = 0.76–0.85). The more pronounced cortisol response in saliva than in serum and its closer correlation with adreno-corticotrophic hormone offer advantages over serum cortisol, suggesting salivary cortisol measurement may be used as an alternative parameter in dynamic endocrine tets.

  • 8.
    Abdiu, Avni
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Growth regulation in sarcomas: studies in vivo and in cell culture1999Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, and can arise in soft-tissue and in bones. It has been suggested that the abnormal growth regulation in sarcoma cells may be due to an autocrine mechanism, in which the cells are stimulated by an endogenous production of growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been detected in sarcomas, and may be one of the growth factors important for sarcoma growth.

    PDGF, originally discovered in platelets, is produced by, and binds to, a variety of cells. PDGF plays several roles both in normal conditions and in disease.

    Suramin is a polyanionic drug with antineoplastic activities, and is known to dissociate growth factors from their receptors. Suramin has been shown to inhibit growth in several tumors and tumor cell lines; however, some tumor cells have been unaffected, or even stimulated, by suramin.

    The present work was performed in order to a) examine the effects of suramin on sarcoma growth in vivo; b) investigate the kinetics of extravascularly administered PDGF in vivo; c) establish and characterize human sarcoma cells in vitro, including their relation to PDGF; d) evaluate the effects of suramin on sarcoma growth in vitro; e) compare the effects of PDGF on sarcoma growth in vivo and in vitro.

    Suramin was shown to inhibit growth of two different human osteosarcoma xenografts grown in nude mice. The action is believed to be mainly cytostatic, as the tumors continued to grow, albeit at a lower pace: the tumors of the suramin treated mice had a volume of one-third or less than the untreated ones. The percentage of cells in S and G2-M cell cycle phases was increased by suramin treatment, suggesting a selective effect of the drug in the S and G2 period.

    Blood and serum levels of 125I, after extravascular administration of 125I-PDGF-AB by intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection in mice, were found to rise to a maximum 2-4 hours after injection. The levels of radioactivity persisted over several hours. Precipitiation of serum with 10% trichloracetic acid revealed that more than 50% of the radioactivity was in a macromolecular form. Gel chromatography of the serum showed that a major portion of the radioactive material in the circulation had the same molecular size as the original 125I-PDGF-AB.

    Eight cell lines derived from malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) were established and characterized. A heterogeneity in the morphology of the MFH cell lines was noted. This heterogeneity was also reflected in the expression of mRNA for PDGF, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-/alpha/) and their receptors, ability to grow in serumfree media and secretion of PDGF into growth media. Two cell lines, able to grow in serum-free medium, coexpressed MRNA for PDGF, TGF-/aplpha/ and their receptors, suggesting that they may be regulated in an autocrine manner. However, other cell lines, unable to grow in a serum-free medium, also displayed this coexpression of mRNA. The simultaneous expression of a growth factor and its receptor is therefore not generally indicative of an autocrine mechanism.

    All cell lines, unable to grow in a serum-free medium, were growth inhibited by high-dose suramin (200 ug/ml). The two cell lines, previously noted to grow under serum-free conditions, were not affected by the high-dose suramin treatment. The finding that only serum-dependent human MFH cell lines were inhibited by high doses of suramin indicates that serum dependence in vitro may predict sensitivity of sarcoma cells to suramin.

    Two human sarcoma xenografts, one osteosarcoma and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, were treated with human PDGF-AB when grown in nude mice. No effects on tumor growth were noted, although immunohistochemical studies revealed an expression of PDGF receptors. Furthermore, both sarcomas were markedly stimulated by PDGF-AB in vitro. It is concluded that mechanisms or factors other than available PDGF were limiting the growth of the examined tumors in vivo.

  • 9.
    Abdiu, Avni
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Larsson, Sven-Erik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Orthopaedic Centre, Department of Orthopaedics Linköping.
    Wasteson, Åke
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Walz, Thomas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Oncology UHL.
    Suramin blocks growth-stimulatory effects of platelet-derived growth factor on malignant fibrous histiocytomas in vitro.1999In: Cancer Letters, ISSN 0304-3835, E-ISSN 1872-7980, Vol. 146, p. 189-194Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Abdiu, Avni
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Nakamura, Hajime
    Sahaf, Bita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Yodoi, Junji
    Holmgren, Arne
    Rosén, Anders
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Thioredoxin blood level increases after severe burn injury2000In: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, ISSN 1523-0864, E-ISSN 1557-7716, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 707-716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have investigated the thioredoxin (TRX) levels in severely burned patients and the possible origin of TRX, based on the recent understanding that TRX is a potent antioxidant with cytoprotective functions. Serum and plasma samples from burns patients and healthy blood donors were collected during the first 10 post-bum days and analyzed in a sandwich TRX enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The TRX levels found were correlated to a panel of blood tests. The presence of TRX in platelets was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting. TRX serum levels of the severely burned patients showed a significant increase, with a mean serum TRX concentration on the day of injury of 76.5 ▒ 19.5 ng/ml (mean ▒ SD) and on post-burn day one 122.6 ▒ 66.9 ng/ml, compared to control blood donor levels of 22.7 ▒ 12.2 ng/ml (p = 0.0041 and 0.0117, respectively). A second peak of increase was found on post-burn days 7 to 9 with a four- to five-fold rise in concentration compared to controls. TRX elevation correlated well with increased platelet (p = 0.007) and leukocyte counts (p = 0.002). We also demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting the presence of TRX in platelets. In conclusion, our demonstration of TRX release in burn injuries indicates that the TRX system is involved in a rapid antioxidant defense, coagulation processes, cell growth, and control of the extracellular peroxide tone intimately linked to cytoprotection and wound healing in burns. One of the cell types that delivers TRX promptly and efficiently into the blood may be the platelet.

  • 11.
    Abdiu, Avni
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Wingren, Sten
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology.
    Larsson, S-E
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Orthopaedic Centre, Department of Orthopaedics Linköping.
    Wasteson, Åke
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Walz, Thomas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Oncology UHL.
    Effects of human platelet-derived growth factor-AB on sarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo.1999In: Cancer Letters, ISSN 0304-3835, E-ISSN 1872-7980, Vol. 141, p. 39-45Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Abrahams, M
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Oscarsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Sundqvist, Tommy
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    The effects of human burn injury on urinary nitrate excretion. 1999In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 25, p. 29-33Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Role of platelet-activating factor in sepsis and shock: an experimantal study1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To study the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction in sepsis and shock.

    Design: Experimental study. Setting: Trauma research unit, university department of surgery, Sweden.

    Material: 76 juvenile domestic pigs. Interventions: The effects of a specific PAF receptor antagonist (BB-882) on haemodynamics and on PAF-induced haemodynamic changes were studied (n = 16). BB-882 was given as pretreatment in non-hypotensive Escherichia coli endotoxaemia (n = 9), during resuscitation after severe haemorrhagic shock (n = 7), hefore post-ischaemic shock which was induced by clamping the aorta above the coliac axis for 45 minutes (n = 8), and as pretreatment in post-haemorrhage septic shock: (n = 6). BB~882 groups were compared with controi groups having the same number of animals which received vehicle instead.

    Major outcome measures: Heart rate, intravascular pressures, cardiac output, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, arteriai blood gas tensions, lung thorax compliance, serum lactic acid and blood sugar concentrations, and packed cell volume.

    Results: BB-882 effectively counleracted the PAF-induced response on the mean systemic and pulmonary arteriai pressures. lt reduced the rise in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and improved the cardiac output in non-hypotensive and post-haemorrhage septic shock when given as pretreatment. lt reduced the hypertension in non-hypotensive sepsis and the hypotension in post-haemorrhage septic shock. BB-8B2 did not infiuence the endotoxin-induced hypoxia or reduced lung thorax compliance in non-hypotensive sepsis and post-haemorrhage septic shock. It did not improve the mean arterial pressure or the cardiac output in haemorrhagic shock alone but it reduced the systemic vascular resistanc'e and was associated with tachycardia and acidosis. It did not affect the post-ischaemic shock after clamping the aorta.

    Conclusion: PAF is a major mediator of the cardiovascular, but not pulmonary dysfunction in sepsis whether associated with shock or not, while its role on the cardiovascular dysfunction in haemorrhagic and post-ischaemic shock is small.

  • 14. Abu-Zidan, FM
    et al.
    Siosteen, AK
    Wang, Jianpu
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery.
    Al-Ayoubi, Fawzi
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery.
    Lennquist, Sten
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Establishment of a teaching animal model for sonographic diagnosis of trauma2004In: Journal of Trauma, ISSN 0022-5282, E-ISSN 1529-8809, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 99-104Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Ultrasound is widely accepted as a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting intra-abdominal and intrathoracic bleeding in trauma patients. Nevertheless, many doctors are reluctant to use it because they do not have sufficient training. This study aimed to define intraabdominal and intrathoracic fluid volumes that can be detected by sonography and their relation to fluid width in pigs to establish a clinically relevant animal model for teaching and training. Methods: Different volumes of normal saline were infused into the abdomen (50-2,000 mL) and chest (25-250 mL) in five anesthetized pigs. The maximum width of fluid as detected by ultrasound was recorded. The right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, pelvis, and right paracolic section of the abdomen and right pleural cavity were studied. An experienced radiologist performed the studies. The effects on respiratory and cardiovascular functions were evaluated. Results: The sonographic findings in the pig were similar to those in humans. Up to 50 mL of intra-abdominal fluid and up to 25 mL of intrathoracic fluid could be detected by ultrasound. There was a significant correlation between the volume infused and the fluid width detected. The respiratory and cardiovascular monitoring of the animals showed that the infused intrathoracic volumes mimicked a survivable hemothorax. Conclusion: The pig may serve as an excellent clinically relevant model with which to teach surgeons detection of different volumes of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic fluids. The value of this model as an educational tool has yet to be tested.

  • 15. Adage, Tiziana
    et al.
    Scheurink, Anton
    de Boer, Sietse
    de Vries, Koert
    Konsman, Jan Pieter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Kuipers, Folkert
    Adan, Roger
    Baskin, Denis
    Schwartz, Michael
    van Dijk, Gertjan
    Hypothalamic, metabolic,and behavioral responses to pharmacological inhibition of CNS melanocortin signaling in rats.2001In: Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, E-ISSN 1529-2401, Vol. 21, p. 3639-3645Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Adage, Tiziana
    et al.
    University of Groningen.
    Scheurink, Anton J W
    University of Groningen.
    de Boer, Sietse F
    University of Groningen.
    de Vries, Koert
    University of Groningen.
    Konsman, Jan Pieter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kuipers, Folkert
    University Hospital, Groningen.
    Adan, Roger A H
    University of Utrecht.
    Baskin, Denis G
    University of Washington.
    Schwartz, Michael W
    University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center.
    van Dijk, Gertjan
    University of Groningen.
    Hypothalamic, metabolic, and behavioral responses to pharmacological inhibition of CNS melanocortin signaling in rats2001In: Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, E-ISSN 1529-2401, Vol. 21, no 10, p. 3639-3645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The CNS melanocortin (MC) system is implicated as a mediator of the central effects of leptin, and reduced activity of the CNS MC system promotes obesity in both rodents and humans. Because activation of CNS MC receptors has direct effects on autonomic outflow and metabolism, we hypothesized that food intake- independent mechanisms contribute to development of obesity induced by pharmacological blockade of MC receptors in the brain and that changes in hypothalamic neuropeptidergic systems known to regulate weight gain [i. e., corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cocaine- amphetamine- related transcript (CART), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY)] would trigger this effect. Relative to vehicle- treated controls, third intracerebroventricular (i3vt) administration of the MC receptor antagonist SHU9119 to rats for 11 d doubled food and water intake (toward the end of treatment) and increased body weight (similar to 14%) and fat content (similar to 90%), hepatic glycogen content (similar to 40%), and plasma levels of cholesterol (similar to 48%), insulin (similar to 259%), glucagon (similar to 80%), and leptin (similar to 490%), whereas spontaneous locomotor activity and body temperature were reduced. Pair- feeding of i3vt SHU9119- treated animals to i3vt vehicle- treated controls normalized plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, and hepatic glycogen content, but only partially reversed the elevations of plasma cholesterol (similar to 31%) and leptin (similar to 104%) and body fat content (similar to 27%). Reductions in body temperature and locomotor activity induced by i3vt SHU9119 were not reversed by pair feeding, but rather were more pronounced. None of the effects found can be explained by peripheral action of the compound. The obesity effects occurred despite a lack in neuropeptide expression responses in the neuroanatomical range selected across the arcuate (i. e., CART, POMC, and NPY) and paraventricular (i. e., CRH) hypothalamus. The results indicate that reduced activity of the CNS MC pathway promotes fat deposition via both food intake- dependent and -independent mechanisms.

  • 17. Adelbratt, Susan
    et al.
    Strang, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Palliative mediicin. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, ViN, LAH Linnea.
    Death anxiety in brain tumour patients and their spouses.2000In: Palliative Medicine: A Multiprofessional Journal, ISSN 0269-2163, E-ISSN 1477-030X, Vol. 14, p. 499-507Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Adell, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Indicators of colorectal cancer prognosis and response to preoperative radiotherapy2000Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Colorectal cancer is one of the three most common malignant diseases in Sweden, with about 5,000 new cases each year. Thirty-five percent of these are rectal cancer, for which local recurrence after surgery has been a serious problem. The five-year survival rate in colorectal cancer has improved from about 40% in 1960 to 55% in 1995. Adjuvant chemotherapy of colon cancer, preoperative radiotherapy and improved surgical techniques in rectal cancer have contributed to the improved  results. To select patients best suited for pre- or postoperative therapy, we need indicators of both prognosis and response to therapy.

    Using antibodies against cytokeratin, we found that 39% of patients with colorectal carcinoma that had penetrated the muscularis propria but without lymph-node metastases by routine light microscopy, had got micrometastases. Survival among patients with micrometastases was not significantly different from that among patients without such metastases.

    We also identified subsets of tumour-infiltrating mononuclear cells and studied their pattern of distribution in relation to regressive tumour areas and Dukes class. Our interpretation is that the subsets of tumourinfiltrating mononuclear cells change with advancing Dukes class, indicating gradual deterioration of the local immune control.

    We also investigated the interaction between p53, Ki-67, apoptosis and the outcome in rectal cancer with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy. The expression of nuclear p53 protein seemed to be a significant predictive factor for local treatment failure after preoperative radiotherapy. Low tumour cell proliferation measured with Ki-67 in the preoperative biopsy correlated with improved local control and disease-free survival after preoperative radiotherapy.

    High apoptotic index was associated with improved local control of rectal cancer even without pre-operative radiotherapy, whereas local control of tumours with low and intermediate apoptotic index was significantly improved by preoperative radiotherapy.

    In conclusion, micrometastases in regional lymph nodes are an interesting phenomenon but with limited prognostic value. The subsets of tumour-infiltrating mononuclear cells change with advancing Dukes class, and its seems that the local immune control is gradually broken down. In rectal cancer, p53 expression, tumour proliferation measured with Ki-67 and apoptotic index seem to be interesting indicators of rectal cancer prognosis and response to preoperative radiotherapy.

    List of papers
    1. Occurrence and prognostic importance of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes in Dukes' B colorectal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Occurrence and prognostic importance of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes in Dukes' B colorectal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
    Show others...
    1996 (English)In: European Journal of Surgery, ISSN 1102-4151, E-ISSN 1741-9271, Vol. 162, no 8, p. 637-642Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic importance of micrometastatic disease in regional lymph nodes from Dukes' B colorectal carcinomas.

    DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    SETTING: University hospital, Sweden.

    SUBJECTS: 100 patients operated on for primary colorectal carcinoma, classified as Dukes' B lesions.

    INTERVENTIONS: The regional lymph nodes were re-examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin.

    OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prognostic importance of micrometastases.

    RESULTS: Micrometastases were found in 39% (39/100) of the patients. The number of positive cells in the lymph nodes examined varied from 1 to over 100. They appeared as single cells or small clusters of cells located within the capsule or in the peripheral sinus of the lymph node. At least three sections from each of three lymph nodes had to be examined to identify 95% of the patients with lymph node micrometastases. The outcome of the patients with micrometastases was not significantly different from that of patients with no epithelial cells in the lymph nodes.

    CONCLUSION: Micrometastases in regional lymph nodes are a interesting phenomenon but clinically seem to be of only weak prognostic value.

    Keywords
    colorectal carcinoma, regional lymph node micrometastases, anti-cytokeratin antibodies
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79591 (URN)8891622 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2012-08-10 Created: 2012-08-10 Last updated: 2017-12-07Bibliographically approved
    2. Infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells into primary colorectal carcinomas: an immunohistological analysis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells into primary colorectal carcinomas: an immunohistological analysis
    Show others...
    1997 (English)In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 75, no 3, p. 374-380Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Local immunoregulation mediated by mononuclear tumour-infiltrating cells is considered of importance for tumour progression of colorectal cancer, although the balance between immunosuppressor and cytotoxic activities is unclear. Colorectal cancers from 26 patients were investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in order to identify subsets of mononuclear inflammatory cells and to study their pattern of distribution in relation to tumour stage and cytotoxic immune reactivity against the tumour. In all but five tumours, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes or monocytes were present in fairly large numbers, particularly in the stroma. The infiltration of CD4+ mononuclear cells predominated over the CD8+ subset. Infiltration near the tumour cells was found in four cancers only. Stromal infiltration of CD11c+ macrophages was found in all but eight tumours. Small regressive areas, in which the histological architecture of the tumours was broken down, were found in 17 tumours with intense or moderate infiltration by CD4+ lymphocytes or CD11c+ macrophages. Probably this destruction of tumour tissue was caused by cytotoxic activity of the tumour-infiltrating mononuclear cells. In Dukes' class A and B tumours, CD4+ lymphocytes predominated over CD4+ cells with macrophage morphology, but the latter were increasingly found in Dukes' class C and D disease. The occurrence of MHC II-positive macrophages and lymphocytes in different Dukes' classes was similar to that of CD4+ cells. In contrast to this, CD11c+ and CD11a+ cells were more frequent in Dukes' A and B class tumours compared with Dukes' C and D. Four out of nine tumours of the latter stages showed a poor inflammatory reaction. The interpretation of our results is that the subsets of tumour-infiltrating mononuclear cells change with advancing Dukes' class and that the local immune control is gradually broken down in progressive tumour growth, even if some cytotoxic activity is still present.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79592 (URN)9020482 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2012-08-10 Created: 2012-08-10 Last updated: 2017-12-07Bibliographically approved
    3. p53 status: an indicator for the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>p53 status: an indicator for the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.
    Show others...
    1999 (English)In: Radiotherapy and Oncology, ISSN 0167-8140, E-ISSN 1879-0887, Vol. 51, no 2, p. 169-174Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal carcinoma is a common malignancy, with a history of high local recurrence rates following surgery. In recent years. preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical technique have improved local control rates.

    AIM: To investigate the relationship between expression of nuclear p53 protein and the outcome in rectal carcinoma, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.

    MATERIAL: Specimens from 163 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region included in the Swedish rectal cancer trial between 1987-1990.

    METHOD: New sections from the paraffin blocks of the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen were examined immunohistochemically using a p53 antibody (PAb 1801).

    RESULT: Expression of nuclear p53 protein was seen in 41% of the tumours. The p53 negative patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy had a significant reduction of local failure compared with the non-irradiated p53 negative patients (P = 0.0008). In contrast, p53 positive patients showed no benefit from preoperative radiotherapy. The interaction between p53 status and the benefit of radiotherapy was statistically significant (P = 0.018).

    CONCLUSION: Expression of nuclear p53 protein in rectal carcinoma seems to be a significant predictive factor for local treatment failure after preoperative radiotherapy. Further investigations are necessary to select patients for preoperative treatment based on analysis of the preoperative biopsies.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24826 (URN)10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00041-9 (DOI)10435809 (PubMedID)9223 (Local ID)9223 (Archive number)9223 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
    4. Decreased tumor cell proliferation as an indicator of the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Decreased tumor cell proliferation as an indicator of the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer
    Show others...
    2001 (English)In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, ISSN 0360-3016, E-ISSN 1879-355X, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 659-663Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer is a common malignancy, with significant local recurrence and death rates. Preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical technique can improve local control rates and disease-free survival.

    PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the tumor growth fraction in rectal cancer measured with Ki-67 and the outcome, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.Method: Ki-67 (MIB-1) immunohistochemistry was used to measure tumor cell proliferation in the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen.

    MATERIALS: Specimens from 152 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region were included in the Swedish rectal cancer trial 1987-1990.

    RESULTS: Tumors with low proliferation treated with preoperative radiotherapy had a significantly reduced recurrence rate. The influence on death from rectal cancer was shown only in the univariate analysis. Preoperative radiotherapy of tumors with high proliferation did not significantly improve local control and disease-free survival. The interaction between Ki-67 status and the benefit of radiotherapy was significant for the reduced recurrence rate (p = 0.03), with a trend toward improved disease-free survival (p = 0.08). In the surgery-alone group, Ki-67 staining did not significantly correlate with local recurrence or survival rates.

    CONCLUSION: Many Ki-67 stained tumor cells in the preoperative biopsy predicts an increased treatment failure rate after preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24827 (URN)10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01515-2 (DOI)11395233 (PubMedID)9224 (Local ID)9224 (Archive number)9224 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
    5. Apoptosis in rectal carcinoma: Prognosis and recurrence after preoperative radiotherapy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Apoptosis in rectal carcinoma: Prognosis and recurrence after preoperative radiotherapy
    Show others...
    2001 (English)In: Cancer, ISSN 0008-543X, E-ISSN 1097-0142, Vol. 91, no 10, p. 1870-1875Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal carcinoma is common, with considerable local recurrence and death rates. Preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical techniques can improve local control. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between apoptosis and the outcome of rectal carcinoma, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.

    METHODS: Specimens were from 162 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region included in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial between 1987-1990. New sections from the paraffin blocks of the preoperative biopsies and the surgical specimens were examined for apoptosis using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

    RESULTS: The mean percentage of apoptotic cells was 0.3% (0-4%) and 1.1% (0-14.5%) for the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen, respectively. The authors analyzed the surgical specimens from nonirradiated patients and divided them into three groups by apoptotic index (AI) as follows: 0%, 0-1%, and > 1%. A high AI was associated with a decreased local recurrence rate compared with an intermediate or a low AI (P = 0.024). There was no significant relation between AI and survival. There was a significant reduction in the local recurrence rate for irradiated patients compared with the nonirradiated in the low (P = 0.015) and intermediate (P = 0.038) AI groups. In the high AI group, there were few recurrences and no significant difference was observed between irradiated and nonirradiated patients. The relative risk of death from rectal carcinoma in Dukes A-C patients was not significantly decreased by radiotherapy, but, in the intermediate AI group, there was a trend (P = 0.08) in favor of the irradiated patients.

    CONCLUSION: A high AI in rectal carcinoma indicated a decreased local recurrence rate.

    Keywords
    apoptosis, rectal carcinoma, radiotherapy, local failure, disease-free survival
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24825 (URN)10.1002/1097-0142(20010515)91:10<1870::AID-CNCR1208>3.0.CO;2-1 (DOI)9222 (Local ID)9222 (Archive number)9222 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
  • 19.
    Adell, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Boeryd, B.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Frånlund, B.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sjödahl, Rune
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Håkansson, L.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Occurrence and prognostic importance of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes in Dukes' B colorectal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study1996In: European Journal of Surgery, ISSN 1102-4151, E-ISSN 1741-9271, Vol. 162, no 8, p. 637-642Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic importance of micrometastatic disease in regional lymph nodes from Dukes' B colorectal carcinomas.

    DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    SETTING: University hospital, Sweden.

    SUBJECTS: 100 patients operated on for primary colorectal carcinoma, classified as Dukes' B lesions.

    INTERVENTIONS: The regional lymph nodes were re-examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin.

    OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prognostic importance of micrometastases.

    RESULTS: Micrometastases were found in 39% (39/100) of the patients. The number of positive cells in the lymph nodes examined varied from 1 to over 100. They appeared as single cells or small clusters of cells located within the capsule or in the peripheral sinus of the lymph node. At least three sections from each of three lymph nodes had to be examined to identify 95% of the patients with lymph node micrometastases. The outcome of the patients with micrometastases was not significantly different from that of patients with no epithelial cells in the lymph nodes.

    CONCLUSION: Micrometastases in regional lymph nodes are a interesting phenomenon but clinically seem to be of only weak prognostic value.

  • 20.
    Adell, Gunnar C. E.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhang, Hong
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Evertsson, Sofia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nordenskjöld, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Apoptosis in rectal carcinoma: Prognosis and recurrence after preoperative radiotherapy2001In: Cancer, ISSN 0008-543X, E-ISSN 1097-0142, Vol. 91, no 10, p. 1870-1875Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal carcinoma is common, with considerable local recurrence and death rates. Preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical techniques can improve local control. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between apoptosis and the outcome of rectal carcinoma, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.

    METHODS: Specimens were from 162 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region included in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial between 1987-1990. New sections from the paraffin blocks of the preoperative biopsies and the surgical specimens were examined for apoptosis using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

    RESULTS: The mean percentage of apoptotic cells was 0.3% (0-4%) and 1.1% (0-14.5%) for the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen, respectively. The authors analyzed the surgical specimens from nonirradiated patients and divided them into three groups by apoptotic index (AI) as follows: 0%, 0-1%, and > 1%. A high AI was associated with a decreased local recurrence rate compared with an intermediate or a low AI (P = 0.024). There was no significant relation between AI and survival. There was a significant reduction in the local recurrence rate for irradiated patients compared with the nonirradiated in the low (P = 0.015) and intermediate (P = 0.038) AI groups. In the high AI group, there were few recurrences and no significant difference was observed between irradiated and nonirradiated patients. The relative risk of death from rectal carcinoma in Dukes A-C patients was not significantly decreased by radiotherapy, but, in the intermediate AI group, there was a trend (P = 0.08) in favor of the irradiated patients.

    CONCLUSION: A high AI in rectal carcinoma indicated a decreased local recurrence rate.

  • 21.
    Adell, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Klintenberg, Claes
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sjödahl, Rune
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nordenskjöld, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    p53 status: an indicator for the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.1999In: Radiotherapy and Oncology, ISSN 0167-8140, E-ISSN 1879-0887, Vol. 51, no 2, p. 169-174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal carcinoma is a common malignancy, with a history of high local recurrence rates following surgery. In recent years. preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical technique have improved local control rates.

    AIM: To investigate the relationship between expression of nuclear p53 protein and the outcome in rectal carcinoma, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.

    MATERIAL: Specimens from 163 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region included in the Swedish rectal cancer trial between 1987-1990.

    METHOD: New sections from the paraffin blocks of the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen were examined immunohistochemically using a p53 antibody (PAb 1801).

    RESULT: Expression of nuclear p53 protein was seen in 41% of the tumours. The p53 negative patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy had a significant reduction of local failure compared with the non-irradiated p53 negative patients (P = 0.0008). In contrast, p53 positive patients showed no benefit from preoperative radiotherapy. The interaction between p53 status and the benefit of radiotherapy was statistically significant (P = 0.018).

    CONCLUSION: Expression of nuclear p53 protein in rectal carcinoma seems to be a significant predictive factor for local treatment failure after preoperative radiotherapy. Further investigations are necessary to select patients for preoperative treatment based on analysis of the preoperative biopsies.

  • 22.
    Adell, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhang, Hong
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jansson, Agneta
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nordenskjöld, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Decreased tumor cell proliferation as an indicator of the effect of preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer2001In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, ISSN 0360-3016, E-ISSN 1879-355X, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 659-663Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer is a common malignancy, with significant local recurrence and death rates. Preoperative radiotherapy and refined surgical technique can improve local control rates and disease-free survival.

    PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the tumor growth fraction in rectal cancer measured with Ki-67 and the outcome, with and without short-term preoperative radiotherapy.Method: Ki-67 (MIB-1) immunohistochemistry was used to measure tumor cell proliferation in the preoperative biopsy and the surgical specimen.

    MATERIALS: Specimens from 152 patients from the Southeast Swedish Health Care region were included in the Swedish rectal cancer trial 1987-1990.

    RESULTS: Tumors with low proliferation treated with preoperative radiotherapy had a significantly reduced recurrence rate. The influence on death from rectal cancer was shown only in the univariate analysis. Preoperative radiotherapy of tumors with high proliferation did not significantly improve local control and disease-free survival. The interaction between Ki-67 status and the benefit of radiotherapy was significant for the reduced recurrence rate (p = 0.03), with a trend toward improved disease-free survival (p = 0.08). In the surgery-alone group, Ki-67 staining did not significantly correlate with local recurrence or survival rates.

    CONCLUSION: Many Ki-67 stained tumor cells in the preoperative biopsy predicts an increased treatment failure rate after preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.

  • 23. Adolfsson, Jan
    et al.
    Garmo, Hans
    Varenhorst, Eberhard
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Ahlgren, Göran
    Ahlstrand, Christer
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Andrén, Ove
    Bill-Axelson, Ann
    Bratt, Ola
    Damber, Jan-Erik
    Hellström, Karinq
    Hellström, Magnus
    Holmberg, Erik
    Holmberg, Lars
    Hugosson, Jonas
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    Pettersson, Bill
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Törnblom, Magnus
    Widmark, Anders
    Stattin, Pär
    Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 20052007In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0036-5599, E-ISSN 1651-2065, Vol. 41, no 6, p. 456-477Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. Results. In total, 72 028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of >100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score ≤6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged ≥75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. Conclusions. All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.

  • 24.
    Adolfsson, Lars
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Arthroscopic removal of os centrale carpi causing wrist pain.2000In: Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy And Related, ISSN 0749-8063, E-ISSN 1526-3231, Vol. 16, p. 537-539Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Os centrale carpi is a relatively rare accessory carpal bone of the wrist that infrequently has been reported to cause symptoms. This report describes 2 cases where an apparently mobile Os centrale carpi caused painful clicking and crepitus and where the symptoms disappeared after arthroscopic removal of the ossicles.

  • 25.
    Adolfsson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Arthroscopy in the upper extremity1992Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This stndy comprising six separate papers, is concerned with the techniques of, and bevaluation of arthroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in different pathologic conditions in the upper extremity.

    Arthroscopy proved to increase diagnostic accuracy in 177 examined patients with anterior shoulder instability or shoulder pain. Previously not well described patterns of pathological morphology in the ventral joint capsule after anterior shoulder dislocations were disclosed. A new classification system of rotator cuff pathology to be used for arthroscopy in the subacromial impingement syndrome is suggested. Different stages of rotator cuff pathology were found to influence the clinical results after arthroscopic acromioplasty in 79 patients.

    An anatomical stndy on 16 cadaver elbows revealed the close proximity between commonly used arthroscopic portals and important neurovascular structures. The usefulness and potential risks of each portal were demonstrated and a preferred procedure for diagnostic elbow arthroscopy was suggested.

    Wrist arthroscopy was performed in 30 patients with long-standing post-traumatic pain and resulted in increased diagnostic accuracy. In patients where clinical examination and radiography had shown no abnormality, arthroscopy demonstrated serious carpal ligament injuries and related instability.

    A technique for arthroscopic wrist synovectomy was described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In 18 wrists of 16 patients, a reasonably radical synovectomy could be achieved with this atraumatic method. Primary results showed decreased pain and increased grip-strength in all patients and an increased range of motion in some.

  • 26.
    Adolfsson, Lars
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Lysholm, J
    Ortopedklin Boden.
    Nettelblad, Hans
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Adverse effects of extensive clavicular resections and a suggessted method of reconstruction.1999In: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, ISSN 1058-2746, E-ISSN 1532-6500, Vol. 8, p. 361-365Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Adolfsson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Haug, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Changes in β2-adrenoceptor expression and in adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity in human uterine leiomyomas2000In: Molecular human reproduction, ISSN 1360-9947, E-ISSN 1460-2407, Vol. 6, no 9, p. 835-842Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Uterine leiomyoma is a very common benign tumour with unclear pathophysiology in adult women. In the present study we have investigated the expression level of α2- and β2-adrenoceptors, and the adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity in leiomyoma tissue compared with adjacent myometrium. Our results show that the α22-adrenoceptor ratio is increased in leiomyoma, due to a significant decrease in β2-adrenoceptor expression. These changes were not due to an increased innervation, as the tumour tissue was completely devoid of nerve fibres. Moreover, the adenylyl cyclase activity of leiomyoma membranes was found to be ~50% lower, whereas the phosphodiesterase activity was significantly increased (by ~100%). We found that stimulating an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, by adenylyl cyclase activity through β2-adrenoceptors (isoprenaline), by direct enzyme activation (forskolin), or by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity (papaverine), potently blocked both protein and DNA synthesis in cultured leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. Our results imply the adrenoceptors might be involved in, or a consequence of, leiomyoma growth. The results also suggest a new interesting approach for leiomyoma pharmacotherapy.

  • 28.
    Adolfsson, Per I.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ahlstrand, Christer
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Urology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Varenhorst, Eberhard
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Urology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hultgren, Sitti
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Svensson, Samuel P. S.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Characterization of EDG receptor expression and proliferative response in cultured human BPH smooth muscle cellsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The endogenous phospholipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are both known to generate a Vvide variety of effects in various cell systems by the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) receptor family, including 7 different G-protein coupled Edg receptors.

    In this study, expression of LPA- and SlP Edg receptors was examined, and so was the effect with respect to proliferation on cultured BPH smooth muscle cells smc. Mmeover, theresponse on cAMP levels was examined. Finally, a potential link between activation of the MAP kinase cascade and the LPA stimulated proliferation was investigated.

    First, the RT-PCR analysis of the Edg receptors in BPH smc, demonstrated a heterogeneous expression including all receptors except the Edg6 subtype. Further, in contrast to LPA, the mitogen effect of SIP, demonstrated a concentration-dependent biphasic response, including stimulation below 1μM, whereas inhibition was obtained at higher concentrations. Forskolin induced a rapid and transient cAMP response in LPA stimulated cells, with a peak-value after 3 minutes. After 15 minutes the cAMP level had retmned to base-line level. However a gradual increase to 15% of maximum value was obtained after additional 30 minutes, and thereafter a gradual reduction was observed. The mentioned antiproliferative response generated by SIP could not be conelated to an intracellular cAMP increase. Finally, when the LPA treated smc was co-incubated with the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) the mitogen response was eliminated.

    The cAIVIP increase, which was induced by forskolin, corresponds with mentioned antiproliferative effect whereas a similar con-elation was not obtained regarding SIP. The intracellular signal mechanisms triggered by LPA and S1P in BPH smc remain to be further investigated.

  • 29.
    Agrup, Måns
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Olsen, Karen
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Pathology. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Forensic Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Wingren, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    C-erbB-2 overexpression and survival in early onset breast cancer2000In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, ISSN 0167-6806, E-ISSN 1573-7217, Vol. 63, no 1, p. 23-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Young breast cancer patients have a decreased survival rate and it has been demonstrated that young age is an independent predictor of adverse prognosis. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein (also known as HER-2/neu) has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in breast cancer in general and especially among patients with axillary nodal metastases. The present study was initiated to determine the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 protein overexpression in early onset breast cancer.

    A population consisting of 110 young breast cancer patients, ≤ 36-year-old at diagnosis, was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining for c-erbB-2 protein.

    Thirty patients (27%) were found to overexpress the c-erbB-2 protein. C-erbB-2 positivity was significantly associated with poor survival when all patients were included in the analysis (P = 0.002) and for patients with axillary nodal metastases (P = 0.0007). No such association was found for node-negative patients. Furthermore, the difference in prognosis in relation to c-erbB-2 among node-positive patients was maintained, when these were stratified in groups treated or not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

    The study indicates that overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein is a strong prognostic factor in young breast cancer patients with axillary nodal metastases. Moreover, the adverse prognosis associated with c-erbB-2 overexpression in node-positive patients was observed whether or not the patients had received adjuvant chemotherapy.

  • 30.
    Ahl, Ing-Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Lindberg, Mikael J
    Tibell, Lena
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Coexpression of yeast copper chaperone (yCCS) and CuZn-superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli yields protein with high copper contents2004In: Protein Expression and Purification, ISSN 1046-5928, E-ISSN 1096-0279, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 311-319Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To fully understand the function of the Cu- and Zn-containing superoxide dismutases in normal and disordered cells, it is essential to study protein variants with full metal contents. We describe the use of an Escherichia coli-based expression system for the overproduction of human intracellular wild type CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), the CuZnSOD variant F50E/G51E (monomeric), two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related mutant CuZnSOD variants (D90A and G93A), and PseudoEC-SOD, all with high Cu contents. This system is based on coexpression of the SOD variants with the yeast copper chaperone yCCS during growth in a medium supplemented with Cu2+ and Zn2+. The recombinant SOD enzymes were all found in the cytosol and represented 30-50% of the total bacterial protein. The enzymes were purified to homogeneity and active enzymes were obtained in high yield. The resulting proteins were characterized through immunochemical reactivity and specific activity analyses, in conjunction with mass-, photo-, and atomic absorption-spectroscopy. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • 31.
    Ahmadi, Ahmad
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Genetic predisposition and risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases with special emphasis on Parkinson's disease and solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy2004Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The inter-individual variability in biotransformation, may lead to differences in activation and detoxification of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. Polymorphism studies in such genes were applied for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE), two diseases influenced by both genetic and enviromnental factors.

    An elevated median age for the onset of PD was found among GS1M1 gene carriers compared to PD patients being GS1M1 null genotypes (68 years versus 57 years). No similar difference was found for GSTT1. mEPHX (113HH) isoform, which has been suggested as a low activity variant, is over represented in PD patients (OR=3.8, CI 95%, 1.2-11.8).

    Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and -B) are important in the dopamine metabolism and in the detoxification of neurotoxins and genetic variants in these genes have earlier been assigned to PD. However, no difference was revealed between any of the polymorphisms studied in the MAO-A and -B genes and PD. Smoking displayed an enviromnental exposure with a strong decreased risk for PD in this study (OR=0.40 for men and OR=0.48 for women) but no obvious interaction with the MAO genotypes could be observed.

    Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. The superoxide dismutases (SOD) potentially play an important role in PD by detoxifying superoxide radicals in mitochondria. Polymorphisms neither in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) nor mitochondrial complex I subunit, NDUFV2, were associated with PD.

    An increased risk ratio for CTE was found in smokers with the GSTM1 null genotype (RR=2.5, Cl 95%, 1.4-4.2) or the GSTT1 null genotype (RR=1.4, Ci 95%, 1.02-2.0). In non-smokers GS1M1 null genotype did not confer any risk for CTE. Polymorphisms in mEPHX were not associated with an increased risk for CTE.

    Thus, various genetic and enviromnental factors most likely influence both PD and solvent-induced CTE. Detoxification pathways may represent important protective mechanisms against reactive intermediates, thus genetic predisposition in these pathways could modify the susceptibility and onset of PD and solvent-induced CTE.

    List of papers
    1. GSTM1 and mEPHX polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease and age of onset
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>GSTM1 and mEPHX polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease and age of onset
    Show others...
    2000 (English)In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 269, no 3, p. 676-680Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of PD and biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds and may play a role in inter-individual susceptibility. Therefore, we investigated the presence of null genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, and two polymorphisms of mEPHX in subjects with Parkinson's disease and in a reference population. The study included 35 male PD patients and a male control group including 283 subjects. Homozygosity of the histidine (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX was significantly increased in PD patients (odds ratio = 3.8 CI 95% 1.2–11.8) and analysis of allele frequencies displayed an increased frequency of the H-allele among PD patients (odds ratio = 1.9 CI 95% 1.1–3.3). However, a significantly elevated median age for the onset of PD was found among GSTM1 gene carriers (median age = 68 years) compared to PD patients being GSTM1 null genotypes (median age = 57 years). Our observations suggest that (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX, which has been suggested as a low activity isoform, is overrepresented in PD patients and that inherited carriers of the GSTM1 gene postpone the onset of PD. These detoxification pathways may represent important protective mechanisms against reactive intermediates modifying the susceptibility and onset of PD.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24837 (URN)10.1006/bbrc.2000.2338 (DOI)9235 (Local ID)9235 (Archive number)9235 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
    2. Monoamine oxidase A and B genes polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Monoamine oxidase A and B genes polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of nig:rostriatal dopaminergic neurons including the loss of cell bodies in the pars compacta of substantia nigra (SN). The mechanism for neurodegeneration is unknown, but the pathogenesis is considered to be multifactorial involving exposure for toxins, genetic inheritance, age, oxidative stress and mitochondrial electron transport chain defects. This study has been focused on polymorphisms in the genes for the enzymes monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) and relation to smoking for the development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. MAO enzymes are important in the dopamine metabolism and in the detoxification of neurotoxins. During metabolism of dopamine, MAO generates large amounts of free radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and may damage the neurons in substantia nigra, which has been suggested as a pathologic mechanism for PD.

    Blood samples were collected from 256 PD patients, age 30-80 years, and 582 unrelated control individuals, age 31 - 78 years, from southeastern Sweden.

    Two polymorphisms (exon 8 and exon 14) located in the MAO-A gene and one polymorphism located in the MA O-B gene were examined, with denatming HPLC, PCR-RFLP or DNA sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined for patients and controls. No statistical significant difference was revealed between any of the polymorphisms in the MAO-A and MAO-B genes and Parkinson's disease. Smoking displayed an enviromnental exposure with a strong decreased risk for both male (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.63) and female (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.89) PD without any interaction with MAO genotype.

    The polymorphisms in MAO genes might therefore not be acting as modifiers of risk for developing of PD either by itself or by interacting with smoking. With respect to the size of the study (256 PD patients and 582 controls) MAO polymorphisms do not represent any predisposing factor or a weak PD susceptibility factor.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84799 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-10-22 Created: 2012-10-22 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Manganese superoxide dismutase and NDUFV2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Manganese superoxide dismutase and NDUFV2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress and production of oxygen radicals is produced in mitochondria. The superoxide dismutases (SOD) potentially play an important role in PD by detoxifying superoxide radicals. Oxidative stress has also an important role to decrease Complex I activity in the mitochondria. In addition, Complex I contains several subunits, where one, NDUFV2, plays a major role in the electron transport pathway of Complex I in substantia nigra.

    The aim of this project was to study polymorphisms in MTS-SOD2 and the Complex I subunit, NDUFV2 as predisposing factors for the development of idiopathic PD.

    Blood samples from 200 PD and 404 population controls were collected from the Southeastern part of Sweden. DNA was isolated and the polymorphisms were analyzed by pyrosequencing and direct dideoxy termination sequencing.

    Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared for the patient and control groups with Χ2 statistics. No statistical significant difference was evident for any of the polymorphisms neither in MTS-SOD2 (OR=0<85, 95% CI, 0<52-1.38) nor NDUFV2 (OR=0.64, 95% CI, 0.24-1.64) genes and PD.

    These results indicate that the MTS-SOD2 and NDUFV2 gene variants do not contribute to PD pathogenesis.

    Keywords
    SOD2, NDUFV2, polymorphisms, Parkinson's disease
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84800 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-10-22 Created: 2012-10-22 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
    4. Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype as a risk modifier for solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype as a risk modifier for solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
    Show others...
    1996 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, ISSN 0355-3140, E-ISSN 1795-990X, Vol. 22, no 5, p. 360-363Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives Exposure to organic solvents increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disability or chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE). Polymorphisms in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and solvents may influence individual susceptibility to develop toxic effects. In this study the problem of whether there could be any association between the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and the risk for CTE, with regard to solvent exposure, was investigated.

    Methods Sixty patients referred to a clinic because of some degree of some degrees of psychiatric or neurological symptoms, as well as exposure to solvents, were examined by means of a validated questionnaire and psychometric testing. The degree of exposure to solvents was assessed by a thorough interview. According to clinical findings, the patients were classified into three categories as those with solvent-induced CTE, those with incipient CTE, and those who were non-CTE patients. Afterwards, leukocyte DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was isolated and the GSTM1 null genotype was determined by an assay based on polymerase chain reaction, blindly with regard to both exposure and disease status.

    Results The relative proportion (RP) of GSTM1 null genotypes was significantly increased for patients with a diagnosed CTE when they were compared with non-CTE patients (RP 2.55, 95% confidence interval 1.0--6.2). Dichotomizing the patients by high and low exposure revealed an increased risk for both GSTM1 gene carriers and the GSTM1 null genotype in the high-exposure group, the relative risks (RR) being 4.5 and 7.9, respectively. The chi-square for the Mantel extension for trend was 6.2 (P=0.025).

    Conclusion The GSTM1 null genotype acts as a risk modifier for CTE among patients occupationally exposed to solvents. The risk seems to increase in a dose-dependent fashion.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84801 (URN)10.5271/sjweh.154 (DOI)
    Available from: 2012-10-22 Created: 2012-10-22 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
    5. Interaction between smoking and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interaction between smoking and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
    2002 (English)In: Toxicology and industrial health, ISSN 0748-2337, E-ISSN 1477-0393, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 289-296Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to organic solvents is still common in industrial and other work environments, and increases the risk of chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE). Genetic variation in metabolic enzymes for solvents and other xenobiotics may modify the risk of developing toxic effects. Therefore, we investigated the presence of null genotypes for glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1, GSTT1) and two genetic polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) in relation to the risk for chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) when exposed to solvents and smoking. We genotyped 115 patients who were classified into three categories: CTE (n = 56), incipient CTE (n = 27) and non-CTE (n = 32) patients. DNA was isolated from leucocytes and the GSTM 1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were determined by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction. The two polymorphisms of mEPHX were analysed by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) based assays. All analyses were performed blindly with regard to both exposure and disease status. An increased binomial regression risk ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-4.2, of the GSTM1 null genotype for CTE was found in smokers and for the GSTT1 null genotype (binomial regression risk ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.0). In nonsmokers, the GSTM1 null genotype did not confer any risk for CTE. None of the studied mEPHX polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk for CTE. We suggest that the GSTM1 null genotype in smokers is a possible risk for solvent-induced CTE.

    Keywords
    chronic toxic encephalopathy, molecular epidemiology, polymorphism, smoking, solvent exposure
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-46280 (URN)10.1191/0748233702th152oa (DOI)
    Available from: 2009-10-11 Created: 2009-10-11 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
  • 32.
    Ahmadi, Ahmad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bivik, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Dermatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Monoamine oxidase A and B genes polymorphisms in Parkinson's diseaseManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of nig:rostriatal dopaminergic neurons including the loss of cell bodies in the pars compacta of substantia nigra (SN). The mechanism for neurodegeneration is unknown, but the pathogenesis is considered to be multifactorial involving exposure for toxins, genetic inheritance, age, oxidative stress and mitochondrial electron transport chain defects. This study has been focused on polymorphisms in the genes for the enzymes monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) and relation to smoking for the development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. MAO enzymes are important in the dopamine metabolism and in the detoxification of neurotoxins. During metabolism of dopamine, MAO generates large amounts of free radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and may damage the neurons in substantia nigra, which has been suggested as a pathologic mechanism for PD.

    Blood samples were collected from 256 PD patients, age 30-80 years, and 582 unrelated control individuals, age 31 - 78 years, from southeastern Sweden.

    Two polymorphisms (exon 8 and exon 14) located in the MAO-A gene and one polymorphism located in the MA O-B gene were examined, with denatming HPLC, PCR-RFLP or DNA sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined for patients and controls. No statistical significant difference was revealed between any of the polymorphisms in the MAO-A and MAO-B genes and Parkinson's disease. Smoking displayed an enviromnental exposure with a strong decreased risk for both male (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.63) and female (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.89) PD without any interaction with MAO genotype.

    The polymorphisms in MAO genes might therefore not be acting as modifiers of risk for developing of PD either by itself or by interacting with smoking. With respect to the size of the study (256 PD patients and 582 controls) MAO polymorphisms do not represent any predisposing factor or a weak PD susceptibility factor.

  • 33.
    Ahmadi, Ahmad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fredriksson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jerregård, H.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Åkerbäck, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fall, Per-Arne
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Geriatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Rannug, A.
    National Institute for Working Life, Solna and Inst. of Environ. Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Axelson, Olav
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    GSTM1 and mEPHX polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease and age of onset2000In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 269, no 3, p. 676-680Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of PD and biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds and may play a role in inter-individual susceptibility. Therefore, we investigated the presence of null genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, and two polymorphisms of mEPHX in subjects with Parkinson's disease and in a reference population. The study included 35 male PD patients and a male control group including 283 subjects. Homozygosity of the histidine (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX was significantly increased in PD patients (odds ratio = 3.8 CI 95% 1.2–11.8) and analysis of allele frequencies displayed an increased frequency of the H-allele among PD patients (odds ratio = 1.9 CI 95% 1.1–3.3). However, a significantly elevated median age for the onset of PD was found among GSTM1 gene carriers (median age = 68 years) compared to PD patients being GSTM1 null genotypes (median age = 57 years). Our observations suggest that (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX, which has been suggested as a low activity isoform, is overrepresented in PD patients and that inherited carriers of the GSTM1 gene postpone the onset of PD. These detoxification pathways may represent important protective mechanisms against reactive intermediates modifying the susceptibility and onset of PD.

  • 34.
    Ahmadi, Ahmad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Sofia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Manganese superoxide dismutase and NDUFV2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Parkinson's diseaseManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress and production of oxygen radicals is produced in mitochondria. The superoxide dismutases (SOD) potentially play an important role in PD by detoxifying superoxide radicals. Oxidative stress has also an important role to decrease Complex I activity in the mitochondria. In addition, Complex I contains several subunits, where one, NDUFV2, plays a major role in the electron transport pathway of Complex I in substantia nigra.

    The aim of this project was to study polymorphisms in MTS-SOD2 and the Complex I subunit, NDUFV2 as predisposing factors for the development of idiopathic PD.

    Blood samples from 200 PD and 404 population controls were collected from the Southeastern part of Sweden. DNA was isolated and the polymorphisms were analyzed by pyrosequencing and direct dideoxy termination sequencing.

    Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared for the patient and control groups with Χ2 statistics. No statistical significant difference was evident for any of the polymorphisms neither in MTS-SOD2 (OR=0<85, 95% CI, 0<52-1.38) nor NDUFV2 (OR=0.64, 95% CI, 0.24-1.64) genes and PD.

    These results indicate that the MTS-SOD2 and NDUFV2 gene variants do not contribute to PD pathogenesis.

  • 35.
    Akanda, N.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery.
    Elinder, F.
    Sucrose reduces the current through plasma membrane voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACpl) mainly by reducing the open probabilityManuscript (Other academic)
  • 36. Akner, Gunnar
    et al.
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Forsum, Elisabet
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Nutrition.
    Thesleff, Peter
    Diagnostiskt prov i klinisk nutrition för läkarstuderande. Provresultat visar att utbildningen i klinisk nutrition måste förbättras.2001In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 98, p. 2604-2610Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 37. Al Hilli, S.M.
    et al.
    Willander, Magnus
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Öst, Anita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Strålfors, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    ZnO nanorods as an intracellular sensor for pH measurements2007In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 102, no 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ZnO nanorods with 80 nm diameter and 700 nm length and grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 μm in diameter) were used to create a highly sensitive pH sensor for monitoring in vivo biological process within single cells. The ZnO nanorods, functionalized by proton H3 O+ and hydroxyl O H- groups, exhibit a pH -dependent electrochemical potential difference versus a AgAgCl microelectrode. The potential difference was linear over a large dynamic range (4-11), which could be understood in terms of the change in surface charge during protonation and deprotonation. These nanoelectrode devices have the ability to enable analytical measurements in single living cells and have the capability to sense individual chemical species in specific locations within a cell. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

  • 38. Aldén, Anna
    et al.
    Ohlson, Sten
    Påhlsson, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Rydén, Ingvar
    HPLC analysis of carbohydrate deficient transferrin isoforms isolated by the Axis-Shield %CDT method2005In: Clinica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0009-8981, E-ISSN 1873-3492, Vol. 356, no 1-2, p. 143-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is elevated during prolonged overconsumption of alcohol and CDT is considered to be the most specific biochemical marker for alcohol overconsumption. However, an accurate method for analysing CDT is necessary because the test is frequently used for example in legal matters. Methods: Patient serum samples were analysed with the Axis-Shield %CDT and eluates were pooled together. Transferrin was purified from the pool by affinity chromatography and further analysed with HPLC to determine the ratios of different transferrin isoforms. Results: In the eluates using the Axis-Shield %CDT method, a substantial amount of trisialo transferrin was found, which is generally not considered a CDT isoform. Conclusions: The fact that trisialo transferrin is present may generate falsely elevated CDT results and it could at least partly explain the discrepancy between results of the Axis-Shield %CDT assay and HPLC in routine analysis. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 39.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Cardiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Cardiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Lindahl, Tomas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of clinical chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Elevated D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in out-patients with symptoms compatible with heart failure2004In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis, ISSN 0340-6245, E-ISSN 2567-689X, Vol. 92, no 6, p. 1250-1258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    D-dimer, a marker of fibrin turnover, exhibits many interesting properties as a biological marker of thrombosis. Some of the properties of D-dimer might also be used to provide additional information about patients with heart failure. In this study, we evaluate the prognostic information acquired from D-dimer concerning increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population with symptoms associated with heart failure. A cardiologist examined 458 elderly patients, out of 548 invited, attending primary care for symptoms of dyspnoea, fatigue and/or peripheral oedema and assessed NYHA functional class and cardiac function. Abnormal systolic function was defined as EF <40% on Doppler echocardiography. Abnormal diastolic function was defined as reduced E/A ratio and/or an abnormal pattern of pulmonary venous flow. Blood samples were drawn, and BNP and D-dimer were analysed. D-dimer was analysed using an automated micro-latex assay. A statistical analysis was performed to identify the prognostic value of increased plasma concentration of D-dimer. Results showed that during a median follow-up period of 5.5 years, 68 (14%) patients died of cardiovascular disease. No gender difference was noted. A plasma concentration of D-dimer >0.25mg/L increased the risk almost 4-fold. In conclusion, D-dimer is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality that may be used to risk-stratify patients with heart failure. © 2004 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart.

  • 40. Alimov, A
    et al.
    Sundelin, B
    Bergerheim, Ulf
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Pavlenko, M
    Pisa, P
    Zetterberg, A
    Larsson, C
    Lagercrantz, S
    Molecular cytogenetic characterization shows higher genetic homogeneity in conventional renal cell carcinoma compared to other kidney cancers2004In: International Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1019-6439, E-ISSN 1791-2423, Vol. 25, p. 955-960Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Alimov, Andrei
    et al.
    Sundelin, Birgitta
    Wang, Naining
    Larsson, Catharina
    Bergerheim, Ulf
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Loss of 14q31-q32.2 in renal cell carcinoma is associated with high malignancy grade and poor survival2004In: International Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1019-6439, E-ISSN 1791-2423, Vol. 25, p. 179-185Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42. Alstergren, P
    et al.
    Ernberg, M
    Kopp, S
    Lundeberg, T
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    TMJ pain in relation to circulating neuropeptide Y, serotonin, and interleukin-1 beta in rheumatoid arthritis.1999In: Journal of Orofacial Pain, ISSN 1064-6655, E-ISSN 1945-3396, Vol. 13, p. 49-55Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43. Alstergren, P
    et al.
    Kopp, S
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Synovial fluid sampling fromthe temporomandibular joint: sample quality criteria and levels of interleukin-1 beta and serotonin.1999In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6357, E-ISSN 1502-3850, Vol. 57, p. 16-22Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44. Alvarsson, M
    et al.
    Sundkvist, G
    Lager, I
    Henricsson, M
    Berntorp, K
    Fernqvist-Forbes, E
    Steen, L
    Westermark, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Westermark, P
    Orn, T
    Beneficial effects of insulin versus sulphonylurea on insulin secretion and metabolic control in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients2003In: Diabetes Care, ISSN 0149-5992, E-ISSN 1935-5548, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 2231-2237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE - To evaluate whether treatment with insulin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes is advantageous compared with glibenclamide treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - ▀-Cell function, glycemic control, and quality of life were monitored over 2 years in 39 patients with islet cell antibody-negative type 2 diabetes diagnosed 0-2 years before inclusion in a Swedish multicenter randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized to either two daily injections of premixed 30% soluble and 70% NPH insulin or glibenclamide (3.5-10.5 mg daily). C-peptide-glucagon tests were performed yearly in duplicate after 2-3 days of temporary withdrawal of treatment. RESULTS - After 1 year the glucagon-stimulated C-peptide response was increased in the insulin-treated group by 0.14 ▒ 0.08 nmol/l, whereas it was decreased by 0.12 ▒ 0.08 nmol/l in the glibenclamide group, P < 0.02 for difference between groups. After 2 years, fasting insulin levels were higher after treatment withdrawal in the insulin-treated versus the glibenclamide-treated group (P = 0.02). HbA1c levels decreased significantly during the first year in both groups, however, at the end of the second year, HbA1c had deteriorated in the glibenclamide group (P < 0.01), but not in the insulin-treated group. The difference in evolution of HbA1c during the second year was significant between groups, P < 0.02 A questionnaire indicated no difference in well-being related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS - Early insulin versus glibenclamide treatment in type 2 diabetes temporarily prolongs endogenous insulin secretion and promotes better metabolic control.

  • 45.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Östrogenreceptorer kan reglera känsligheten för smärta. Möjlig förklaring till vissa kroniska smärttillstånd.2001In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 98, p. 1774-1778Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hallbeck, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen-induced alterations of spinal cord enkephalin gene expression1999In: Pain, ISSN 0304-3959, E-ISSN 1872-6623, Vol. 83, no 2, p. 243-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enkephalin-synthesizing neurons in the super®cial laminae of the spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn are critical components of the endogenous pain-modulatory system. We have previously demonstrated that these neurons display intracellular estrogen receptors, suggesting that estrogen can potentially influence their enkephalin expression. By using Northern blot, we now show that a bolus injection of estrogen results in a rapid increase in spinal cord enkephalin mRNA levels in ovariectomized female rats. Thus, 4 h after estrogen administration the enkephalin mRNA-expression in the lumbar spinal cord was on average 68% higher (P , 0:05) than in control animals injected with vehicle only. A small increase in the amount of enkephalin mRNA was also seen after 8 h (P , 0:05), whereas no difference between estrogen-injected and control animals was found after 24 h or at time periods shorter than 4 h. Taken together with the previous anatomical data, the present findings imply that estrogen has an acute effect on spinal opioid levels in areas involved in the transmission of nociceptive information.

  • 47.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Colocalization of oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin mRNA expression to neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn of rats1996In: European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, E-ISSN 1460-9568, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 2440-2445Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A double-labelling procedure combining immunohistochemical staining with in situ hybridization using a radiolabelled cRNA probe was employed to demonstrate oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of female rats. Both markers labelled large numbers of neurons in the substantia gelatinosa and its trigeminal homologue. Many of these neurons were double-labelled, displaying both oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA; cell counts showed that 40-60% of the of the oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactive cells in the superficial laminae also were labelled for preproenkephalin-A mRNA, and that 60-70% of the preproenkephalin-A mRNA-labelled neurons in the same laminae displayed oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity. Previous studies have shown that oestrogen receptors can bind to the promoter region of the preproenkephalin-A gene, and studies on the hypothalamus have demonstrated that oestrogen regulates enkephalin expression in select neuronal populations. The present results demonstrate that enkephalinergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn contain oestrogen receptors and suggest that oestrogen may play an important role in the modulation of sensory and nociceptive processing in the lower medulla and spinal cord.

  • 48.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of the female rat1995In: Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, E-ISSN 1872-7972, Vol. 196, no 1-2, p. 25-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using an immunohistochemical technique, we demonstrate that large numbers of neurons in the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal gray matter of the female rat express estrogen receptors (ER). Densely packed ER-immunoreactive neurons were present in lamina II, but labeled neurons were also present in lamina I, the neck of the dorsal horn, and in lamina X. Labeling was present throughout the length of the spinal cord, with the exception of segments caudal to S1, which were unlabeled. The distribution of ER-containing neurons to areas that are involved in processing of primary afferent nociceptive information suggests that the pain modulatory effects of estrogen may be exerted at the spinal level.

  • 49. Ameur, Safia
    et al.
    Carlander, Kristina
    Grundström, Kristin
    Hallberg, Pernilla
    Lundgren, Kristin
    Lundquist, Per-Gotthard
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.
    Wikström, Thore
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Disaster Medicine and Traumatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Att lära bronkoskopi i simulator gav mer fingerfärdighet än omdöme2003In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 100, p. 2694-2699Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 50. Amin, AI
    et al.
    Hallböök, Olof
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Surgery in Östergötland.
    Lee, AJ
    Sexton, R
    Moran, BJ
    Heald, RJ
    A 5-cm colonic J pouch colo-anal reconstruction following anterior resection for low rectal cancer results in acceptable evacuation and continence in the long term2003In: Colorectal Disease, ISSN 1462-8910, E-ISSN 1463-1318, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 33-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Optimal treatment for low rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision, with most patients suitable for low colo-rectal or colo-anal anastomosis. A colon pouch has early functional benefits, although long-term function, especially evacuation, might mitigate against its routine use. The aim of this study was to assess evacuation and continence in patients with a colon pouch, and to examine the impact of possible risk factors. Methods. In 1998, all 102 surviving patients with a colon pouch, whose stoma had been closed for more than one year, were sent a postal questionnaire. A composite incontinence score was calculated from questions on urgency, use of a pad, incontinence of gas, liquid or faeces, and a composite evacuation score from questions on medication taken to evacuate, straining, the need and number of times returned to evacuate. Results. The response rate was 90% (50 M, 42 F), with a median age of 68 years (IQR 60-78) and median follow-up of 2.6 years (IQR 1.7-3.9). The anastomosis was 3 cm or less from the anus in 45/92 (49%), and incontinence scores were worse in this group (P = 0.001). There were significantly higher incontinence scores in females (P = 0.014). Age, preoperative radiotherapy, part of colon used for anastomosis, post-operative leak and length of follow-up had no demonstrable effect on either score. Conclusion. Gender and anastomotic height were the only variables which influenced incontinence. Ninety percent of patients reported that their bowel function did not affect their overall wellbeing, and none would have preferred to have a stoma.

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