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  • 1.
    Alm, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Lif, Patrick
    Swedish Defence Research Agency.
    Evaluation of Artificial Cues in 3D Aircraft Displays2005In: International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 2005,2005, Las Vegas, USA: MIRA Digital Publishing , 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Alm, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ohlsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Kovordanyi, Rita
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Glass Cockpit Simulators - Tools for IT-based Car Systems Design and Evaluation2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Andrén, Pia
    et al.
    IAV/magisterutbildning Linköpings universitet.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Hur påverkar fastighetsboxar brevbärares arbetsmiljö2004Report (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Björkstén, Marianne G.
    et al.
    IAV/Konsult Aboda Invest AB, Bromma.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Litteraturöversikt angående fysiska besvär och belastningar i brevbärararbete, inkluderande risk för olycksfall och belastningsskador2004Report (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Boghard, Mats
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Mikaelsson, Lars-Åke
    Mittuniversitetet.
    Mårtensson, Lena
    Kungliga Tekniska högskolan.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    Chalmers tekniska högskola.
    Rose, Linda
    Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan.
    Ulfvengren, Pernilla
    Kungliga Tekniska högskolan.
    Arbete och teknik på människans villkor2008Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 6.
    Caldenfors, Dag
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Smith, Christian Skinner
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    An Initial Model of Driver-Vehicle Performance in Recovery from Skids on Icy Roads2006In: 50th Annual Meeting of the Human Factor and Ergonomics Society,2006, San Fransisco: Human Factors and Ergonomic Society , 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     Closed-loop instability caused by excess phase lag has been studied widely in aviation. Here we develop and test a model of its counterpart in vehicle-driver-coupling, where participants were asked to recover from a skid on a slippery road. We model the damping effect of sucessful recovery as viscoelastic behavior. Oscillation number is the predictor variable; steering wheel angle is the response variable. 

  • 7.
    Chen, Fang
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Thermal Responses of the Hand to Convective and Contact Cold: with and without Gloves1997Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Many outdoor working tasks and some indoor working tasks still require the worker to perform them in a cold condition. To cope with cold condition, warm clothing is usually applied. Nowadays, the thermal protection of clothing is sufficient but the extremities are still not very well protected. It is very difficult to provide sufficient thermal protection to the hand, that does not decrease the hand performance. In the literature review of this thesis, the most important factors and topics related to the cooling of the hand and fingers are summarized.

    The issue of cold contact is still not sufficiently studies. How fast the skin may cool down to a dangerous level and how many factors may influence the contact cooling was not clear. There are five empirical studies concerned with cold surface contact by bare and gloved hand which are summarized in the thesis. The experimental studies of contact cooling of the bare finger and gloved finger were carried out in a small climate chamber. Many factors which may possibly influence the contact cooling were considered. These factors include: contact force; surface temperature; material property; surface mass; the thermal situation of the whole body and the morphology of the fingers.

    For the technical determination of the thermal resistance of the gloves, a mini hot plate was developed according to the EN 511 (36) and ISO 5085 (72) standards. The error from doubledetermination was less than 4%.

    The skin temperature (Tsk) was the dependent measurement for all of the studies. It varied on the different points of the hand. The measurement points and the location for measuring the Tsk is critical. Tsk and cold induced-vasodilatation showed a very local phenomenon. For unequal cooling (such as contact), the contact Tsk is critical and needs to be considered separately.

    The results indicated, that a modified Newtonian cooling curve with two time constants provided the best regression function for the contact Tsk of bare hand contact on cold surfaces and it may also be possible to describe the contact Tsk of a gloved hand.

  • 8.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Accidents in transportation2004In: Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology / [ed] Charles Spielberger, San Diego, CA: Academic Press , 2004, 1, p. -2688Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology encompasses applications of psychological knowledge and procedures in all areas of psychology. This compendium is a major source of information for professional practitioners, researchers in psychology, and for anyone interested in applied psychology. The topics included are, but are not limited to, aging (geropsychology), assessment, clinical, cognitive, community, counseling, educational, environmental, family, industrial/organizational, health, school, sports, and transportation psychology. The entries drawn from the above-referenced areas provide a clear definition of topic, a brief review of theoretical basis relevant to the topic, and emphasize major areas of application.Also available online via ScienceDirect - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com.

  • 9.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    On the other side of promise. What should we automate today?2004In: Human factors in the design of civil aircraft / [ed] John A. Wise, V. David Hopkin, Daniel J. Garland, Aldershot, UK: Ahsgate , 2004, 2, p. -704Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A complete examination of issues and concepts relating to human factors in simulation, this book covers theory and application in space, ships, submarines, naval aviation, and commercial aviation. The authors examine issues of simulation and their effect on the validity and functionality of simulators as a training device. The chapters contain in depth discussions of these particular characteristics and issues. They also incorporate theories pertaining to the motivational aspects of training, simulation of social events, and PC based simulation.

  • 10.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ten questions about human error: A new view of human factors and systems safety2004 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ten Questions About Human Error asks the type of questions frequently posed in incident and accident investigations, people's own practice, managerial and organizational settings, policymaking, classrooms, Crew Resource Management Training, and error research. It is one installment in a larger transformation that has begun to identify both deep-rooted constraints and new leverage points of views of human factors and system safety. The ten questions about human error are not just questions about human error as a phenomenon, but also about human factors and system safety as disciplines, and where they stand today. In asking these questions and sketching the answers to them, this book attempts to show where current thinking is limited--where vocabulary, models, ideas, and notions are constraining progress.

    This volume looks critically at the answers human factors would typically provide and compares/contrasts them with current research insights. Each chapter provides directions for new ideas and models that could perhaps better cope with the complexity of the problems facing human error today. As such, this book can be used as a supplement for a variety of human factors courses.

  • 11.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Understanding situated performance in human error investigations2008In: Handbook of forensic human factors / [ed] John A Wise, Daniel J Garland, V David Hopkin, London: Taylor & Francis , 2008, 2, p. -704Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A complete examination of issues and concepts relating to human factors in simulation, this book covers theory and application in space, ships, submarines, naval aviation, and commercial aviation. The authors examine issues of simulation and their effect on the validity and functionality of simulators as a training device. The chapters contain in depth discussions of these particular characteristics and issues. They also incorporate theories pertaining to the motivational aspects of training, simulation of social events, and PC based simulation.

  • 12.
    Dekker, Sidney
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Why we need new accident models2004In: Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, ISSN 1468-9456, Vol. 2Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Dekker, Sidney
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Human factors and folk models2004In: Cognition, Technology & Work, ISSN 1435-5558, E-ISSN 1435-5566, Vol. 6, p. 79-86Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Dekker, Sidney
    et al.
    IKP LIU.
    Lützhöft, Margareta
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Correspondence, cognition and sensemaking: A radical empiricist approach to situation awareness2004In: A cognitive approach to situation awareness: theory and application / [ed] Simon Banbury, Sébastien Tremblay, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Co , 2004, p. 22-41Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The importance of 'situation awareness' (SA) in assessing and predicting operator competence in complex environments has become increasingly apparent in recent years. It has been widely established that SA is a contributing factor to many commercial and military accidents and incidents. Yet determining exactly what constitutes SA is a very difficult task, given the complexity of the construct itself, and the many different processes involved with its acquisition and maintenance. This volume brings together recent developments from researchers and practitioners from around the world who are studying and applying SA from a cognitive perspective. The 41 contributors represent many different theoretical perspectives, research approaches, and domains of application. Each chapter has a primary emphasis around one of three main topics - theory, measurement, and application - and examines the considerable inter-linkage between them. To bring further coherence to the book, all of the contributors received draft manuscripts of those chapters most relevant to their own. Designed to be completely international and interdisciplinary, the authors themselves present varied perspectives from academic departments and industrial organisations from around the world, and from a broad range of applications - with contributions from researchers in the domains of process control, sport, aviation, transportation, and command and control. The readership includes practitioners, academics and researchers within human factors, ergonomics and industrial psychology; and graduate and undergraduate students specialising within these areas during their final year.

  • 15.
    Dekker, Sidney
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ohlsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Alm, Håkan
    Arbetsvetenskap Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Humans in a complex environment II: Automation, IT and operator work2003Book (Other academic)
  • 16. Detterfelt, Jonas
    et al.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Lakemond, Nicolette
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project management, Innovations and Entrepreneurship .
    Contradicting views on creativity obstacles in efficient new product development2008In: The Proceedings of the XIX ISPIM Conference: Open Innovation: Creating Products and Services through Collaboration, Frankrike: ISPIM , 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we aim to identify major obstacles for creativity in organizations characterized by a high focus on product development efficiency. The way these obstacles are perceived by the different individuals involved in product development is investigated. Different perceptions are compared and the contradictory views on creativity obstacles in product development are discussed. From our study, nine creativity obstacles relevant for organizations with a strong focus on efficiency emerge. These barriers were mainly related to the professional environment, e.g. “short-term efficiency focus” can be related to time constraints, while “unclear innovation strategy” concerns a lack of goals. Also barriers related to the environment emerged, i.e. “no forum for capturing ideas” exists. Self-imposed barriers, like the lack of interest for innovation, did not emerge in this study. Our case company seems to have problems in finding structures for balancing the demands on product development efficiency and creativity.

  • 17.
    Ekberg, Kerstin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, National Centre for Work and Rehabilitation.
    Eklund, JörgenLinköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.Ellström, Per-ErikLinköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Work and Working Life. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Learning in Working Life and Educational Settings.Johansson, StinaUmeå universitet.
    Tid för utveckling?2006Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Tid, tidsanvändning och tidsbrist i arbetet är i fokus i debatten om de krav som det nya arbetslivet ställer. Vilka konsekvenser får sättet att organisera och rationalisera arbete för lärande, hälsa, jämställdhet och arbetsförhållanden? Forskare från fyra discipliner granskar och jämför skeenden i fyra offentliga organisationer som genomför organisationsförändringar. Boken vänder sig till alla, såväl studerande som yrkesverksamma, som hanterar arbetslivs-, organisations- och ledarskapsfrågor

  • 18.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    A Quality Systems View on Safety and Reliability - Humans in Interaction with Technology and Organisation2003Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

       

  • 19.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Kvalitets- och arbetslivsutveckling under tidsbrist och resursknapphet.2006In: Tid för utveckling? / [ed] Kerstin Ekberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2006, 1, p. 189-202Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

         Tid, tidsanvändning och tidsbrist i arbetet är i fokus i debatten om de krav som det nya arbetslivet ställer. Vilka konsekvenser får sättet att organisera och rationalisera arbete för lärande, hälsa, jämställdhet och arbetsförhållanden? Forskare från fyra discipliner granskar och jämför skeenden i fyra offentliga organisationer som genomför organisationsförändringar. Boken vänder sig till alla, såväl studerande som yrkesverksamma, som hanterar arbetslivs-, organisations- och ledarskapsfrågor

  • 20.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ledning genom styrning och genom participation2003In: Ledarskap i teamorganiserad verksamhet : en antologi / [ed] Per-Erik Ellström & Henrik Kock, Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2003, p. 148-158Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

      

  • 21.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Litteraturöversikt, energiförbrukning i brevbärararbete2004Report (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Recent Swedish Research and Development on quality and Ergonomics2003In: Proc. of the XVth Triennal Congress of the Intl Ergonomics Associaiton,2003, 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

         

  • 23.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Samverkan i praktiken - några exempel.2003In: Proc. CMTO konferens Förändringskraft,2003, Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

         

  • 24.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Samverkansformer mellan universitet och näringsliv - exempel och erfarenheter2003In: Arbete, människa, miljö & Nordisk ergonomi, ISSN 1402-859X, no 2/2003, p. 100-106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

       

  • 25.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ekros, Jens- Peder
    Safety and Reliability. Interacations between machines, software and people2003Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

        

  • 26.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Engkvist, Inga-Lill
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Ergonomics improvements based on interactions between humans, technology and organisation - cases in remanufacturing.2006In: NES Conference,2006, Tampere: Pkpaino Oy , 2006, p. 79-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

         

  • 27.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Engkvist, Inga-Lill
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    The Programme "Recycling centres in Sweden - working conditions, environmental and system performance.2006In: NES Conference,2006, Tampere: Pkpaino Oy , 2006, p. 67-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 28.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Gerner Björkstén, Marianne
    Industriell arbetsvetenskap Linköpings universitet.
    BALANS - Bedömningsmodell för arbetsbelastning vid sammansatta brevbäringsuppgifter2004Report (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Kammerlind, Peter
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quality Technology and Management.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Lörstad, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quality Technology and Management.
    Process Oriented Postgraduate Teaching -PROPOSTE2003In: Proc. of Nordic Ergonomics Society Conf. NES2003,2003, 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 30.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Kiviloog, Lisa
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Kansei Raitings and Time Dependencies2003In: Proc. of the XVth Triennal Congress of the intl Ergonomics Associaiton,2003, 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

       

  • 31.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Kvist, Joanna
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Carlsson, Anna
    IAV LiU.
    Näsström, Eva
    IAV LiU.
    Rahm, Malin
    Muscle load on the neck for welders2005In: NES 2005,2005, Oslo: NES , 2005, p. 226-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Larsson, Kerstin
    Improving working conditions for mail carriers by the use of vehicles.2006In: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics, IEA2006,2006, Maastrict: Elsevier Ltd , 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 33.
    Engkvist, Inga-Lill
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Björkman, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assembly technology.
    Eklund, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management.
    Proceedings of the XVth Triennal Congress of the Int'l Ergonomics Association2003In: Congress Of the Intl ergonomics Association,2003, 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 34.
    Engkvist, Inga-Lill
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Björkman, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assembly technology.
    Eklund, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management.
    Recycling centres - a new workplace.2006In: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics, IEA2006,2006, Maastricht: Elsevier Ltd , 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

       

  • 35.
    Engkvist, Inga-Lill
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Björkman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Eklund, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Utmaningar inom återvinningsbranschen: En förstudie av problem- och utvecklingsområden vid återvinningscentraler och relaterade verksamheter2004Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Insamling, sortering och återvinning av uttjänta produkter är en snabbt växande industribransch. Det svenska samhällets kretsloppsanpassning har under 1990-talet medfört stora förändringar av samhällets avfallshantering. Nya lagar om vilket avfall som skall återvinnas tillkommer kontinuerligt. Denna kretsloppsanpassning i samhället har vanligen skett utan att några speciella krav har ställts på utformningen av produkterna eller på hur produkterna skall insamlas på bästa sätt för att kunna ta reda på materialet så effektivt och skonsamt som möjligt. Istället har man utgått från att de eventuella problem som kan uppstå när produkterna ska återvinnas får lösas när produkterna blir avfall och att producenterna via producentansvaret får ta kostnader och problem som uppstår i avfallshanteringen.

    Samhället av idag står inför flera stora utmaningar när systemen för återvinning av produkter och material ska utvecklas. Studien har visat att frågor som rör arbetsförhållanden, ekonomi och effektivitet samt miljönytta bör behandlas på ett integrerat sätt när branschen utvecklas för framtiden.

    Arbetsförhållandena för de som är verksamma inom återvinningsindustrin förväntas vara sådana att de anställda långsiktigt bibehåller god hälsa och välbefinnande. De arbetsplatser där avfallet sorteras och hanteras har utvecklats under kort tid och inom en avfallshanteringstradition där man inte utnyttjat kunskap från industrin och forskningen om arbetsplatsutformning och hantering av gods. Det finns påtagliga arbetsmiljöproblem i återvinningsbranschen som visar sig i statistiken både gällande olycksfall och arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar.

    Konsumenterna får bära mycket av kostnaderna för materialåtervinningen dels genom ett högre pris på nya produkter de köper, dels genom att de står för en del av arbetet med sortering och transporterna av avfallet till återvinningscentraler eller återvinningsstationer samt vidare via avfallstaxan. För kommunerna kan ökad sortering av avfall också medföra ökade kostnader. Det är angeläget att hålla nere dessa kostnader genom god utformning av anläggningar för återvinning.

    Syftet med denna förstudie var att identifiera förekommande problem- och utvecklingsområden inom återvinningsbranschen med focus på återvinningscentralernas roll.

    Studien utformades som en kartläggande och utforskande studie. Datainsamlingen genomfördes på totalt 7 anläggningar som representerar olika delar av återvinningsbranschen varav fyra återvinningscentraler (i kommuner med 32 000 till 135 000 invånare). Två av dem byggdes på mitten av 1990-talet medan de andra två har utvecklats från soptippar. Tre av anläggningarna drevs direkt i kommunal regi eller som kommunägt bolag och ett drevs på entreprenad. Anläggningarna valdes för att ge en variation mellan återvinningscentraler från större kommuner såväl som mindre, och också för att representera olika typer och byggnadsår. Dessutom besöktes en elektronikdemonteringsanläggning, en fragmenteringsanläggning samt en anläggning för rekonditionering av vitvaror. Detta möjliggjorde att ett par avfallsfraktioner kunnat följas från återvinningscentralen till efterbehandling i nästkommande steg.

    Besöken genomfördes av de forskare som är författare till denna rapport, och därmed representerade disciplinerna arbetsmiljö, hälsa, produktionssystem, säkerhet och miljö. Besöken inleddes med en presentation / rundvandring i anläggningen. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med de anställda och besökare. Observationer genomfördes av hur olika aktiviteter genomfördes av besökarna såväl som av de anställda. Med hjälp av digitalkamera med videofunktion dokumenterades layouter, materialfraktioner, skyltning etc. samt vissa rörelsemoment. Relevanta dokument som fanns tillgängliga samlades in. Respektive besök genomfördes under en dag, under januari - mars 2003.

    Återvinningscentralerna är ofta den första instansen för insamlandet av avfall och har en nyckelposition för hur avfallet kan hanteras på ett så produktivt och kostnadseffektivt sätt som möjligt. Det är därför viktigt att studera återvinningsproblematiken med ett helhetsperspektiv med utgångspunkt från såväl arbetsmiljö, säkerhet, produktionssystemutformning och yttre miljö. Vidare att betrakta återvinningscentraler utifrån en systemsyn, och se dess funktion också i relation till avnämarna, d.v.s. de behov och förutsättningar som efterföljande anläggningar i avfallskedjan har.

    Studien kan konkluderas enligt följande:

    Identifierade problemområden

    • Det föreligger olika typer av arbetsmiljörisker i de olika stegen av avfallshanteringen.
    • Vid återvinningscentraler idag finns risker för skada för de anställda såväl som för besökarna.
    • Återvinningscentralen har identifierats att inneha en nyckelroll i hanteringen av avfall.
    • Det brister i de ekonomiska incitament för förbättring av hanteringen av avfallet vid återvinningscentralerna.
    • Det föreligger dålig kommunikation mellan de olika aktörerna i återvinningskedjan om hur avfallet hanteras i respektive led och vilka förväntningar man har på det inkommande avfallet. Incitamentsbristen och den därav försämrade kommunikationen påverkar såväl arbetsmiljön, kvaliteten som ekonomin i efterföljande led.

    Utvecklingsområden

    • Goda möjligheter finns att utforma och organisera återvinningscentraler så att risken för skada påtagligt minskar för såväl personal som besökare.
    • Goda förbättringsmöjligheter finns att inom miljöområdet åstadkomma bättre sorteringskvalitet och därmed förbättra kvaliteten av det återvunna materialet.
    • Genom en bättre industrialisering av återvinningscentralerna kan effektiviteten och ekonomin förbättras, samtidigt som det finns möjligheter att också förbättra arbetsförhållanden och miljö i återvinningssystemen som helhet. Vissa enkla åtgärder, t.ex. tydlig skyltning och information till besökarna, kan ge avsevärd förenkling av arbetet i återvinningscentralerna och även senare i återvinningskedjan.
    • En bättre helhetsoptimering skulle erhållas genom förbättrad interorganisatorisk samverkan för ökad förståelse mellan de olika aktörerna i återvinningskedjan och därmed en bättre optimering av hur avfallet hanteras.

    En återvinningscentral ett viktigt ansikte utåt för kommunen. Om utformningen är anpassad till besökarna kan en positiv attityd till återvinning skapas med positiva miljöeffekter och en bättre arbetsmiljö för de anställda som följd.

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    Utmaningar inom återvinningsbranschen : En förstudie av problem- och utvecklingsområden vid återvinningscentraler och relaterade verksamheter
  • 36.
    Hasselhorn, Tilmann
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Studies of Humans, Technology and Organization. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Första linjens chefer: upplevt arbete i en industriell verksamhet2002Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetsledningens karaktär har förändrats varaktigt under det senare decenniet som följd av nya produktionsfilosofier. Med införandet av team- och processorienterade arbetsorganisationsformer har speciellt karaktären av arbetsledande befattningar närmast produktionsprocessen påverkats. Avhandlingen tar sin utgångspunkt i frågan hur arbetsledarna respektive första linjens chefer upplever sitt arbete i en sådan förändrad, industriell verksamhet. Syftet var att åstadkomma en bättre förståelse för hur dessa chefer upplever, handskas med och gestaltar sin förändrade befattning. Resultaten bygger på datamaterial från halvstandardiserade intervjuer med första linjens chefer tillhörande produktionsdelen av ett svenskt verkstadsindustriföretag. Första linjens chefers redogörelse av sin upplevelse kring chefsarbete återges i sammanfattad form i första resultatdelen. En vidaregående analys med ett rollteoretiskt perspektiv beskriver ett antal förekommande chefsdilemman. Dilemman visar sig ha sin grund i huvudsakligen två konflikter: intra-sändarekonflikter och person-rollkonflikter. De förstnämnda domineras av dubbla budskap som företaget ger upphov till. De senare handlar om chefernas och medarbetarnas motstridiga förväntningar på hur chefsrollen ska utövas.

  • 37.
    Hemphälä, Hillevi
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Synergonomi vid postsortering2007Report (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Johansson, Karina
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Technology and Social Change.
    Ohlsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Variationer av riskmeddelanden2003Report (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Karlsson, Christer
    et al.
    Copenhagen Business School.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Creating new technology visions for integrating new and emerging technologies2005In: POMS Conference OM Frontiers: Winds of Change Conference,2005, Chicago: POMS , 2005, p. 003 113-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Karlsson, Christer
    et al.
    Copenhagen Business School.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Managing new technology integration: Integrating software in manufactured products2005In: International Journal of Innovation Management, ISSN 1363-9196, E-ISSN 1757-5877, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 343-370Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Development processes in which software is integrated in hardware products are explored with the aim of finding obstacles to the development process and hypothesizing how they can be dealt with. Empirical data are based on case studies in nine manufacturing companies chosen to have a varied amount of software in their products and experience of technology integration. Results indicate that obstacles in experienced companies concern processes, structures and resources but few culture-related issues. In companies with short experience of software integration in hardware development, cultural aspects were important. Where new technology played a strategic role in the product function, organizational issues such as structures, processes and cultural differences formed obstacles. Where technology only had a supporting role, resource-related obstacles such as lack of competencies were more important. Managerial measures tended to be partly related to the different types of obstacles, partly to the strategic situation of the company.

  • 41.
    Kovordanyi, Rita
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Human-Centered systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Alm, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Ohlsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Night-vision display unlit during uneventful periods may improve traffic safety2006In: 2006 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium sponsored by the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society,2006, IEEE conference proceedings, 2006, p. 282-287Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is always uncertain if a new assistance system enhances traffic safety or not: empirical studies indicate that driving style may deteriorate when the driver experiences the increased safety margin created by an advanced driver assistance system. To minimize this negative effect on driving style, we redesigned a night vision system so that it appeared differently to the driver: we let the system's head-up display be turned off during operation, to be lit up only when the system detected an obstacle (e.g., a pedestrian or animal) on the road ahead. This presentation style was compared in a simulator study to the traditional solution of constantly lit-up display. The results indicate that drivers reacted more reliably (showed less variance in reaction times) using the new system, which implies that the lighting up of the IR-display constituted an effective warning. Also, drivers to a greater extent drove at normal (slower) speeds when using the re-designed system. More generally, systems offering discontinuous support (i.e. only in critical situations) may have less of a negative effect on driving style, as their presence is not felt as vividly by the driver

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 42.
    Kovordanyi, Rita
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Human-Centered systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ohlsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Alm, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Dynamically Deployed Support as a Potential Solution to Negative Behavioral Adaptation2005In: 2005 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings, 2005, IEEE conference proceedings, 2005, p. 613-618Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Advanced driver assistance systems are designed to make driving easier that is, to alleviate the driver's workload, and to increase traffic safety. However, traffic safety is affected by negative behavioral adaptation, meaning that drivers tend to increase speed and pay less attention to driving when supported by an advanced assistance system. We relate behavioral adaptation to reinforcement learning at a subconscious level, and propose that driver assistance is dynamically varied within predetermined safety limits. The aim of employing a dynamic assistance policy is to prevent the driver from noticing a constant improvement in vehicle handling. We conclude by describing ongoing work for empirically evaluating an improved lane departure warning system that uses a dynamic assistance policy.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 43.
    Lagerström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Prevent.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Arbetsmiljö och ekonomi, LIU-IEI-R--08/0048--SE2008In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor, Stockholm: Prevent , 2008, p. 637-662Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

      

  • 44.
    Lif, Patrik
    et al.
    Swedish Defence Research Agency.
    Alm, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Relative Height in 3D Aircraft Displays2004In: Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation, HPSAAII, Volume II,2004, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA: Erlbaum , 2004, p. 159-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Our work is motivated by three considerations. First, relative height is a key factor in aviation safety, not least from the pilot´s perspective. Second, in a series of experiments on 3D air-traffic displays we have shown the benefits of 3D presentation. In the experiment here we evaluate the utility of relative height in a 3D display. Third, our task is an example of a focused attention task. While there are findings suggesting that 3D displays are not suitable at all for focused tasks, our hypothesis was that this suitability may be dependent on the cues in the display design. To address these three points, three different cue alternatives were investigated in scenarios with own-ship and targets on a 3D pictorial air traffic display. We found that the addition of more elaborated cues (depth cues and height cues) significantly improved pilots´assessments of relative height. This means that more nuanced design guidelines coud be used.

  • 45.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Granlund, Rego
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Smith, Christian Skinner
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Studying cultural aspects of emergency management using the C3Fire microworld2006In: SIMsafe2006,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Smith, Christian Skinner
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    National patterns of teamwork during an emergency management simulation2006In: The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting,2006, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting.: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. , 2006, p. 354-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Smith, Kip
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Granlund, Rego
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory.
    Predicting group faultlines in multicultural C2 operations2007In: 12th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium ICCRTS,2007, Newport, RI: ICCRTS , 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 48.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    Book reviews: Achieving Results2004In: R &D Management, ISSN 0033-6807, E-ISSN 1467-9310, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 99-100Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    New technology initiatives from within and outside a company - different agility abilities2005In: International Conference on Agility ICAM,2005, Otaniemi: Helsinki University of Technology , 2005, p. 281-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Initiating and implementing new technologies in traditional mechanical products may be important to strategic decision-making with far reaching consequences for companies. New technology demands new competence. The new competence can come from outside or within the company. What are the differences between an initiative coming outside or within the company? In this study, two Swedish companies that initiated new technology in their traditional mechanical products have been chosen. The initiative to the new technology came in the -outside-initiative- company from a consulting group. In the -within-initiative- company the initiative came from engineers at the company. This paper compares the attributes of an agile organization in these two companies.

  • 50.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Ergonomics.
    New Technology Initiatives from Within and Outside of a Company Express Different Agility Abilities2006In: International journal of agile manufacturing, ISSN 1536-2639, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 109-114Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Initiating and implementing new technologies in traditional mechanical products may be important to strategic decision-making with far-reaching consequences for companies. New technology demands new competence. The new competence can come from outside or within the company. What are the differences between an initiative coming from outside or within the company? In this study, two Swedish companies that initiated new technology in their traditional mechanical products have been chosen for scrutiny. The initiative for the new technology came in the -outside-initiative- company from a consulting group. In the -within-initiative- company, the initiative came from engineers at the company. This article compares the attributes of an agile organization with these two companies.

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