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  • 1.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jancke, Georg
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Skoglund, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hallböök, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Stapled versus robot-sewn ileo-ileal anastomosis during robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a review of outcomes in urinary bladder cancer patients2021In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 55, no 1, p. 41-45Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundWhereas the literature has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile of stapled anastomoses when compared to the hand-sewn alternative in open surgery, the choice of intestinal anastomosis using sutures or staples remains inadequately investigated in robotic surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of both anastomotic techniques in robotic-assisted radical cystectomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with urinary bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy with urinary diversion and with ileo-ileal intestinal anastomosis at a single tertiary centre (2012–2018) was undertaken. The robotic operating time, hospital stay and GI complications were compared between the robotic-sewn (RS) and stapled anastomosis (SA) groups. The only difference between the groups was the anastomosis technique; the other technical steps during the operation were the same. Primary outcomes were GI complications; the secondary outcome was robotic operation time.ResultsThere were 155 patients, of which 112 (73%) were male. The median age was 71 years old. A surgical stapling device was used to create 66 (43%) separate anastomoses, while a robot-sewn method was employed in 89 (57%) anastomoses. There were no statistically significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between RS and SA.ConclusionsCompared to stapled anastomosis, a robot-sewn ileo-ileal anastomosis may serve as an alternative and cost-saving approach. 

  • 2.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Treatment and prognosis of patients with urinary bladder cancer with other primary cancers: a nationwide population-based study in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2020In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 126, no 5, p. 625-632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To study how patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) with previous or concomitant other primary cancers (OPCs) were treated, and to investigate their prognosis. Patients And Methods Using nationwide population-based data in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), we analysed the probability of treatment with curative intent, and UBC-specific and overall survival (OS) in patients with UBC diagnosed in the period 1997-2014 with or without OPC. The analyses considered the patients characteristics, UBC tumour stage at diagnosis, and site of OPC. Results There were 38 689 patients, of which 9804 (25%) had OPCs. Those with synchronous OPCs more often had T2 and T3 tumours and clinically distant disease at diagnosis than those with UBC only. Patients with synchronous prostate cancer, female genital cancer and lower gastro-intestinal cancer were more often treated with curative intent than patients with UBC only. When models of survival were adjusted for age at diagnosis, marital status, education, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index and T-stage, UBC-specific survival was similar to patients with UBC only, but OS was lower for patients with synchronous OPC, explained mainly by deaths in OPC primaries with a bad prognosis. Conclusions OPC is common in patients with UBC. Treatment for UBC, after or in conjunction with an OPC, should not be neglected and carries just as high a probability of success as treatment in patients with UBC only. The needs of patients with UBC and OPC, and optimisation of their treatment considering their complicated disease trajectory are important areas of research.

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  • 3.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Management and outcome of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node metastases. A nationwide population-based study in the bladder cancer data base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2019In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 53, no 5, p. 332-338Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the clinical management and outcome of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node involvement, using longitudinal nationwide population-based data. Methods: In the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), treatment and survival in patients with urinary bladder cancer clinical stage T2-T4 N + M0 diagnosed between 1997 and 2014 was investigated. Patients characteristics were studied in relation to TNM classification, curative or palliative treatment, cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Age at diagnosis was categorised as amp;lt;= 60, 61-70, 71-80 and amp;gt;80 years, and time periods were stratified as follows: 1997-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2014. Results: There were 786 patients (72% males) with a median age of 71 years (interquartile range = 64-79 years). The proportion of patients with high comorbidity increased over time. Despite similar low comorbidity, curative treatment was given to 44% and to 70% of those in older (amp;gt;70 years) and younger age groups, respectively. Curative treatment decreased over time, but chemotherapy and cystectomy increased to 25% during the last time period. Patients with curative treatment had better survival compared to those with palliative treatment, both regarding CSS and OS in the whole cohort and in all age groups. Conclusions: The low proportion of older patients undergoing treatment with curative intent, despite no or limited comorbidity, indicates missed chances of treatment with curative intent. The reasons for an overall decrease in curative treatment over time need to be analysed and the challenge of coping with an increasing proportion of node-positive patients with clinically significant comorbidity needs to be met.

  • 4.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Chaves, Vanessa
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Mohsen, Ali Moustafa
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Al-Haddad, Jasmine
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Sunila, Merete
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Stroeck, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Jerlstroem, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Swaerd, Jesper
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Kjoelhede, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Diagnostic value of repeated comprehensive investigation with CT urography and cystoscopy for recurrent macroscopic haematuria2024In: BJUI Compass, E-ISSN 2688-4526, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 253-260Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectivesTo perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria.MethodsAll patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A descriptive analysis of the primary and later investigations for recurrent macroscopic haematuria was performed. To investigate the association between explanatory variables and the occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria, a Poisson regression analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 1395 eligible individuals with primary standard investigation negative for UBC and UTUC were included. During a median follow-up of 6.2 (IQR 5.3-7) years, 248 (18%) patients had recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom six patients were diagnosed with UBC, two with prostate cancer, one with renal cell carcinoma and one had a suspected UTUC at the repeated investigation. Within 3 years, 148 patients (11%) experienced recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom two patients were diagnosed with low-grade UBC (TaG1-2), one with T2G3 UBC and one with low-risk prostate cancer. The presence of an indwelling catheter, use of antithrombotic medication, pathological findings at CTU or cystoscopy or history of pelvic radiotherapy were all statistically significant independent predictors for increased risk for recurrent macroscopic haematuria.ConclusionIn the case of recurrent macroscopic haematuria within 3 years of primary standard evaluation for urinary tract cancer, there was a low risk of later urological malignancies in patients initially negative for UBC and UTUC. Therefore, waiting 3 years before conducting another complete investigation in cases of recurrent macroscopic haematuria might be appropriate.

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  • 5.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Edenbrandt, Lars
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Enqvist, Olof
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Eigenvision AB, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Leonhardt, Henrik
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Traegardh, Elin
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Ulen, Johannes
    Eigenvision AB, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kjoelhede, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    A novel model of artificial intelligence based automated image analysis of CT urography to identify bladder cancer in patients investigated for macroscopic hematuria2024In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 59, p. 90-97Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) based automatic image analysis utilising convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to evaluate computed tomography urography (CTU) for the presence of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in patients with macroscopic hematuria. Methods: Our study included patients who had undergone evaluation for macroscopic hematuria. A CNN-based AI model was trained and validated on the CTUs included in the study on a dedicated research platform (Recomia.org). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the performance of the AI model. Cystoscopy findings were used as the reference method. Results: The training cohort comprised a total of 530 patients. Following the optimisation process, we developed the last version of our AI model. Subsequently, we utilised the model in the validation cohort which included an additional 400 patients (including 239 patients with UBC). The AI model had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.76-0.89), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.84), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98). The majority of tumours in the false negative group (n = 24) were solitary (67%) and smaller than 1 cm (50%), with the majority of patients having cTaG1-2 (71%). Conclusions: We developed and tested an AI model for automatic image analysis of CTUs to detect UBC in patients with macroscopic hematuria. This model showed promising results with a high detection rate and excessive NPV. Further developments could lead to a decreased need for invasive investigations and prioritising patients with serious tumours.

  • 6.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Hansen, Carl
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Vojinovic, Dragan
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Leonhardt, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kjölhede, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Computed tomography urography with corticomedullary phase can exclude urinary bladder cancer with high accuracy2022In: BMC Urology, E-ISSN 1471-2490, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-urography (CTU) to rule out urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and whether patients thereby could omit cystoscopy. Methods All patients evaluated for macroscopic hematuria with CTU with cortico-medullary phase (CMP) and cystoscopy at our institute between 1(st) November 2016 and 31(st) December 2019 were included. From this study cohort a study group consisting of all UBC patients and a control group of 113 patients randomly selected from all patients in the study cohort without UBC. Two radiologists blinded to all clinical data reviewed the CTUs independently. CTUs were categorized as positive, negative or indeterminate. Diagnostic accuracy and proportion of potential omittable cystoscopies were calculated for the study cohort by generalizing the results from the study group. Results The study cohort consisted of 2195 patients, 297 of which were in the study group (UBC group, n = 207 and control group, n = 90). Inter-rater reliability was high (kappa 0.84). Evaluation of CTUs showed that 174 patients were assesessed as positive (showing UBC), 46 patients as indeterminate (not showing UBC but with limited quality of CTU), and 77 patients as negative (not showing UBC with good quality of CTU). False negative rate was 0.07 (95%, CI 0.04-0.12), false positive rate was 0.01 (95% CI 0.0-0.07) and negative predictive value was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92-1.0). The area under the curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96). Only 2.9% (3/102) with high-risk tumors and 11% (12/105) with low- or intermediate-risk tumors had a false negative CTU. Cystoscopy could potentially have been omitted in 57% (1260/2195) of all evaluations. Conclusions CTU with CMP can exclude UBC with high accuracy. In case of negative CTU, it might be reasonable to omit cystoscopy, but future confirmative studies with possibly refined technique are needed.

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  • 7.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Gårdmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Jerlström, Tomas
    Örebro Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skåne Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umeå Univ, Sweden.
    Ströck, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kjölhede, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Do not throw out the baby with the bath water2022In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 235-236Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Gårdmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Jerlström, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ströck, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kjölhede, Henrik
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Standardized care pathways for patients with suspected urinary bladder cancer: the Swedish experience2022In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 227-232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To compare time intervals to diagnosis and treatment, tumor characteristics, and management in patients with primary urinary bladder cancer, diagnosed before and after the implementation of a standardized care pathway (SCP) in Sweden. Materials and methods Data from the Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer was studied before (2011-2015) and after (2016-2019) SCP. Data about time from referral to transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), patients and tumor characteristics, and management were analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed for cT1 and cT2-4 tumors. Results Out of 26,795 patients, median time to TURBT decreased from 37 to 27 days after the implementation of SCP. While the proportion of cT2-T4 tumors decreased slightly (22-21%, p < 0.001), this change was not stable over time and the proportions cN + and cM1 remained unchanged. In the subgroups with cT1 and cT2-4 tumors, the median time to TURBT decreased and the proportions of patients discussed at a multidisciplinary team conference (MDTC) increased after SCP. In neither of these subgroups was a change in the proportions of cN + and cM1 observed, while treatment according to guidelines increased after SCP in the cT1 group. Conclusion After the implementation of SCP, time from referral to TURBT decreased and the proportion of patients discussed at MDTC increased, although not at the levels recommended by guidelines. Thus, our findings point to the need for measures to increase adherence to SCP recommendations and to guidelines.

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  • 9.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Goteborg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden; Univ Goteborg, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Kjolhede, Henrik
    Univ Goteborg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Shortened time to diagnosis for patients suspected of urinary bladder cancer managed in a standardized care pathway was associated with an improvement in tumour characteristics2024In: BJUI Compass, E-ISSN 2688-4526, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 261-268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To evaluate whether the implementation of standardized care pathway (SCP) for patients with suspected urinary bladder cancer (UBC) was associated with changes in tumour characteristics. Additionally, the study aims to explore whether there was a shift in the selection of patients prioritized for immediate evaluation regarding suspicion of UBC.Materials and Methods The study included all patients diagnosed with UBC in the NU Hospital Group between 2010 and 2019. To evaluate changes associated with SCP, patients were divided into two diagnostic time periods, either before (2010-2015) or during (2016-2019) the implementation of the SCP. To evaluate which patients were prioritized for prompt evaluation within 13 days, logistic regression analysis was performed on all patients before and during SCP.Results Median time to transurethral resection of the tumour in urinary bladder (TURBT) decreased from 29 days (interquartile range [IQR] 16-48) before SCP to 12 days (IQR 8-19) during SCP (p < 0.001) with a clear break from 2016. The proportion of cT2 + tumours decreased during SCP from 26% to 20% (p = 0.035). In addition, tumours detected during SCP were smaller (p = 0.023), but with more multiple lesions (p = 0.055) and G3 tumours (p = 0.007). During SCP, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups of patients with TURBT within or after 13 days. In contrast, before SCP, a majority of the patients treated within 13 days had advanced tumours and were admitted from the emergency ward.Conclusions The implementation of an SCP for suspected UBC was associated with improved tumour characteristics. Interestingly, during SCP, there were no substantial differences in patients' or tumours' characteristics among those who underwent TURBT within or after 13 days. This indicates that the 13-day timeframe for TURBT might be prolonged, especially in less urgent cases in order to facilitate a prioritization of more severe cases with treatable disease.

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  • 10.
    Abuhasanein, Suleiman
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; NU Hosp Grp, Sweden.
    Radmann, Jonatan
    Varberg Halmstad Hosp, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Kjolhede, Henrik
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Diagnostic Performance of GeneXpert BC as a Triage Test for Patients Presenting with Macroscopic Hematuria Suspicious for Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Case-Control Study2024In: European Urology Open Science, ISSN 2666-1691, E-ISSN 2666-1683, Vol. 70, p. 158-166Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objective: Our objective was to assess whether GeneXpert BC can be used as a triage test to exclude urinary bladder cancer (UBC) for patients with macroscopic hematuria. Methods: We conducted a prospective study that include consecutive patients being evaluated for macroscopic hematuria between September 2020 and December 2022. Before cystoscopy, study participants provided a voided urine sample for GeneXpert BC analysis according to a case-control design with an emphasis on UBC detection. Descriptive statistics are reported for patient and tumor characteristics. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert BC test, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated, using the histopathologically proven UBC as the ground truth. Key findings and limitations: In total, 1505 subjects presenting with macroscopic hematuria were enrolled in the study. After randomization and exclusions, GeneXpert BC testing was carried out for 312 participants. Of these, 151 patients from the case arm had UBC, 122 patients from the control arm (random 10%) were negative for UBC, and 39 patients from the case arm did not have malignancy. Using a predefined linear discriminant analysis (LDA) threshold of >= 0.22, the test had sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.97), specificity of 0.52 (95% CI 0.42-0.59), and NPV of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99). All false-negative tumors were of low grade (Ta grade 1-2). Cystoscopy and computed tomography urography could have been omitted in 44% of the patients with macroscopic hematuria. At a secondary LDA threshold of >= 0.45, the test had sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.86), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.89), and NPV of 0.97 (95% CI 0.96- 0.98).

  • 11.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Halili, Shefqet
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Hildebrand, Eric
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Vesico-Uterine Fistula after TURB in pregnancy, a rare cause of genitourinary fistula2018In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 52, no 2, p. 162-163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 12.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Lindblom, Gunnar
    Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Skoog, Susann
    Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Rosell, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Health and Developmental Care, Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    PET/CT versus conventional CT for detection of lymph node metastases in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.2015In: BMC Urology, E-ISSN 1471-2490, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 87-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: We studied patients treated with radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer to compare the results of both preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and conventional CT with the findings of postoperative histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes.

    METHODS: Patients who had bladder cancer and were candidates for cystectomy underwent preoperative PET/CT using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and conventional CT. The results regarding lymph node involvement were independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists and were subsequently compared with histopathology results, the latter of which were reassessed by an experienced uropathologist (HO).

    RESULTS: There were 54 evaluable patients (mean age 68 years, 47 [85 %] males and 7 [15 %] females) with pT and pN status as follows: < pT2-14 (26 %), pT2-10 (18 %), and > pT2-30 (56 %); pN0 37 (69 %) and pN+ 17 (31 %). PET/CT showed positive lymph nodes in 12 patients (22 %), and 7 of those cases were confirmed by histopathology; the corresponding results for conventional CT were 11 (20 %) and 7 patients (13 %), respectively. PET/CT had 41 % sensitivity, 86 % specificity, 58 % PPV, and 76 % NPV, whereas the corresponding figures for conventional CT were 41 %, 89 %, 64 %, and 77 %. Additional analyses of the right and left side of the body or in specified anatomical regions gave similar results.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this study, PET/CT and conventional CT had similar low sensitivity in detecting and localizing regional lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer.

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  • 13.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Gimm, Oliver
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    M2-macrophage infiltration and macrophage traits of tumor cells in urinary bladder cancer2018In: Urologic Oncology, ISSN 1078-1439, E-ISSN 1873-2496, Vol. 36, no 4, article id 159.e19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a subset of nonneoplastic cells in tumor stroma and influence cancer progression in solid tumors. The clinical significance of TAMs in urinary bladder cancer(UBC) is controversial.

    Methods

    We prospectively studied 103 patients with stage pT1–T4 UBC treated with cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Tumor sections were immunostained with M2-specific macrophage marker CD163 and proliferation marker Ki-67. The expression of these markers in cancer cells as well as macrophage infiltration (MI) in tumor stroma was analyzed in relation to clinical data and outcome.

    Results

    The mean rate of CD163 and Ki-67 expressed by cancer cells were 35% and 78%, respectively. With borderline significance, MI was associated with lower rate of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.06). CD163 expression in cancer cells was proportional to MI (P<0.014). Patients with CD163-positive tumors and strong MI had significantly longer cancer-specific survival (CSS) (76 months), compared to patient with CD163-positive tumors and weak MI (28 months) (P = 0.02).

    Conclusions

    M2-specific MI tends to be inversely correlated with LN metastasis and improved CSS in UBC. MI might have protective impact in CD163-positive tumors. Expression of CD163 in cancer cells is significantly correlated with MI and might have a tumor promoting impact.

  • 14.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gimm, Oliver
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    The expression profile of p14, p53 and p21 in tumour cells is associated with disease-specific survival and the outcome of postoperative chemotherapy treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer2018In: Urologic Oncology, ISSN 1078-1439, E-ISSN 1873-2496, Vol. 36, no 12, p. 530.e7-530.e18, article id 530.e7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: We investigated the effects of alterations in the biological markers p14, p53, p21, and p16 in relation to tumour cell proliferation, T-category, N- category, lymphovascular invasion, and the ability to predict prognosis in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with cystectomy and, if applicable, chemotherapy.

    Materials and methods: We prospectively studied patients with urinary bladder cancer pathological stage pT1 to pT4 treated with cystectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection and postoperative chemotherapy. Tissue microarrays from paraffin-embedded cystectomy tumour samples were examined for expression of immunostaining of p14, p53, p21, p16 and Ki-67 in relation to other clinical and pathological factors as well as cancer-specific survival.

    Results: The median age of the 110 patients was 70 years (range 51-87 years), and 85 (77%) were male. Pathological staging was pT1 to pT2 (organ-confined) in 28 (25%) patients and pT3 to pT4 (non-organ-confined) in 82 (75%) patients. Lymph node metastases were found in 47 patients (43%). P14 expression was more common in tumours with higher T-stages (P = 0.05). The expression of p14 in p53 negative tumours was associated with a significantly shorter survival time (P=0.003). Independently of p53 expression, p14 expression was associated with an impaired response to chemotherapy (P=0.001). The expression of p21 in p53 negative tumours was associated with significantly decrease levels of tumour cell proliferation detected as Ki-67 expression (P=0.03).

    Conclusions: The simultaneous expression of the senescence markers involved in the p53-pathway shows a more relevant correlation to the pathological outcome of MIBC than each protein separately. P14 expression in tumours with non-altered (p53-) tumours is associated with poor prognosis. P14 expression is associated with impaired response to chemotherapy. P21 expression is related to decreased tumour cell proliferation.

  • 15.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna Stockholm, Sweden .
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Gimm, Oliver
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Radio-guided sentinel lymph node detection and lymph node mapping in invasive urinary bladder cancer: a prospective clinical study.2017In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 329-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the possibility of detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) in patients with urinary bladder cancer (BCa) intra-operatively and whether the histopathological status of the identified SNs reflected that of the lymphatic field.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 103 patients with BCa pathological stage T1-T4 who were treated with cystectomy and pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection during 2005-2011 at the Department of Urology, Linköping University Hospital. Radioactive tracer Nanocoll 70 MBq and blue dye were injected into the bladder wall around the primary tumour before surgery. SNs were detected ex vivo during the operation with a handheld Geiger probe (Gamma Detection System; Neoprobe Corp., Dublin, OH, USA). All LNs were formalin-fixed, sectioned three times, mounted on slides and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. An experienced uropathologist evaluated the slides.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 69 years, and 80 (77%) were male. Pathological staging was T1-12 (12%), T2-20 (19%), T3-48 (47%) and T4-23 (22%). A mean (range) number of 31 (7-68) nodes per patient were examined, totalling 3 253 nodes. LN metastases were found in 41 patients (40%). SNs were detected in 83 of the 103 patients (80%). Sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic disease by SN biopsy (SNB) varied between LN stations, with average values of 67% and 90%, respectively. LN metastatic density (LNMD) had a significant prognostic impact; a value of ≥8% was significantly related to shorter survival. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) occurred in 65% of patients (n = 67) and was significantly associated with shorter cancer-specific survival (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: We conclude that SNB is not a reliable technique for peri-operative localization of LN metastases during cystectomy for BCa; however, LNMD has a significant prognostic value in BCa and may be useful in the clinical context and in BCa oncological and surgical research. LVI was also found to be a prognostic factor.

  • 16.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Saudi, Aus
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Holmbom, Martin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Olson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    The emerging role of cell cycle protein p53 expression by tumor cells and M2-macrophage infiltration in urinary bladder cancer2023In: Urologic Oncology, ISSN 1078-1439, E-ISSN 1873-2496, Vol. 41, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the association between p53 expression in tumor cells and intratumoral macrophage infiltration in muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIBC) in relation to clinical and pathological variables and outcomes after radical cystectomy. Methods: Tumor specimens of the primary tumor from patients treated with radical cystectomy for MIBC were immunostained with the M2-macrophage-specific marker CD163 and the cell cycle protein p53. The expression of these markers was analyzed in relation to patients and tumor characteristics and outcome. Results: Out of 100 patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) pathological stage T1-4 N0-3 M0, 77% were men. The patients had a median age of 69 years and 80% had nonorgan-confined tumors (pT3-4). Lymph node metastasis was found in 42 (42%) of all patients. P53-positive expressions were found in 63 (63%) patients. Strong macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was shown in 74 (74%) patients. Combinations of CD163/p53 status were as follows: CD163+/p53+, 50%; CD163+/p53-, 24%; CD163-/p53+, 13%; and CD163-/p53-, 13%. Patients with CD163+/P53+ had higher proportions of organ-confined tumors. Conclusions: In the present series of patients with MIBC treated with cystectomy, we found that high CD163+ macrophage infiltration in the tumor micro-environment often was combined with p53+ cancer cells. This simultaneous expression of p53 by tumor cells and increased infiltration of M2-macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was associated with improved CSS, which might indicate a possible protective effect of M2 macrophages in p53+ tumors. Further investigations are needed to explore the biological relation between mutational burden and immune profile in MIBC. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.

  • 17.
    Alvaeus, Julia
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Rosenblatt, Robert
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Stockholm South Gen Hosp, Sweden.
    Johansson, Markus
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Sundsvall Hosp, Sweden.
    Alamdari, Farhood
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Jakubczyk, Tomasz
    Lanssjukhuset Ryhov, Sweden.
    Holmstrom, Benny
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Hemdan, Tammer
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Gabrielsson, Susanne
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Riklund, Katrine
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Fewer tumour draining sentinel nodes in patients with progressing muscle invasive bladder cancer, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy2020In: World journal of urology, ISSN 0724-4983, E-ISSN 1433-8726, Vol. 38, p. 2207-2213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose To examine the relationship between the number of tumour draining sentinel nodes (SNs) and pathoanatomical outcomes, in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods In an ongoing prospective multicenter study, we included 230 patients with suspected urothelial MIBC from ten Swedish urological centers. All underwent TURb and clinical staging. From the cohort, 116 patients with urothelial MIBC; cT2-cT4aN0M0, underwent radical cystectomy (RC) and lymphadenectomy with SN-detection (SNd). 83 patients received cisplatin-based NAC and 33 were NAC-naive. The number and locations of detected SNs and non-SNs were recorded for each patient. The NAC treated patients were categorized by pathoanatomical outcomes post-RC into three groups: complete responders (CR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Selected covariates with possible impact on SN-yield were tested in uni -and multivariate analyses for NAC-treated patients only. Results In NAC treated patients, the mean number of SNs was significantly higher in CR patients (3.3) and SD patients (3.6) compared with PD patients (1.4) (p = 0.034). In a linear multivariate regression model, the number of harvested nodes was the only independent variable that affected the number of SNs (p = 0.0004). Conclusions The number of tumor-draining SNs in NAC-treated patients was significantly lower in patients with progressive disease.

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  • 18.
    Amin, Awin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Nordén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Fomichov, Victoria
    Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Enheten för folkhälsa. Linköping University.
    Björnsson, Bergthor
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Lindhoff Larsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Sandström, Per A
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Drott, Jenny
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences.
    Patient-reported participation in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery cancer care: A pilot intervention study with patient-owned fast-track protocols2022In: European Journal of Cancer Care, ISSN 0961-5423, E-ISSN 1365-2354, Vol. 31, no 3, article id e13570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Fast-track concepts have been implemented in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery cancer care to improve postoperative recovery. For optimal postoperative care, patient participation is also required. The aim was to investigate and analyse whether an intervention with patient-owned fast-track protocols (PFTPs) may lead to increased patient participation and improve information for patients who underwent surgery for hepatopancreatobiliary cancer. Methods A quantitative comparative design with a control and intervention group was used. The participants in the intervention group followed a PFTP during their admission. After discharge, the patients answered a questionnaire regarding patient participation. Data analyses were performed with descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. Results The results are based on a total of 222 completed questionnaires: 116 in the control group and 106 in the intervention group. It is uncertain whether the PFTP increased patient participation and information, but its use may indicate an improvement for the patient group. Conclusion A successful implementation strategy for the use of PFTP, with daily reconciliations, could be part of the work required to improve overall satisfaction with patient participation.

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  • 19.
    Andersson, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Holmbom, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Berg, Sören
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Delay of appropriate antibiotic treatment is associated with high mortality in patients with community-onset sepsis in a Swedish setting2019In: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 1223-1234Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Studies often focus on time to first dose of appropriate antibiotics, but subsequent dosing is equally important. Our aim was to investigate the impact of fulfillment of early treatment, with focus on appropriate administration of first and second doses of antibiotics, on 28-day mortality in patients with community-onset severe sepsis and septic shock. A retrospective study on adult patients admitted to the emergency department with community-onset sepsis and septic shock was conducted 2012-2013. The criterion early appropriate antibiotic treatment was defined as administration of the first dose of adequate antibiotics within 1h, and the second dose given with less than 25% delay after the recommended dose interval. A high-risk patient was defined as a septic patient with either shock within 24h after arrival or red triage level on admittance according to the Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System Adult. Primary endpoint was 28-day mortality. Of 90 patients, less than one in four (20/87) received early appropriate antibiotic treatment, and only one in three (15/44) of the high-risk patients. The univariate analysis showed a more than threefold higher mortality among high-risk patients not receiving early appropriate antibiotic treatment. Multivariable analysis identified early non-appropriate antibiotic treatment as an independent predictor of mortality with an odds ratio for mortality of 10.4. Despite that the importance of early antibiotic treatment has been established for decades, adherence to this principle was very poor.

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  • 20.
    Arvidsson, Ida
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Svanemur, Edvard
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Marginean, Felicia
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Simoulis, Athanasios
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Overgaard, Niels Christian
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Astrom, Kalle
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Heyden, Anders
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Krzyzanowska, Agnieszka
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Bjartell, Anders
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Artificial intelligence for detection of prostate cancer in biopsies during active surveillance2024In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectivesTo evaluate a cancer detecting artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm on serial biopsies in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS).Patients and methodsA total of 180 patients in the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) cohort were prospectively monitored using pre-defined criteria. Diagnostic and re-biopsy slides from 2011 to 2020 (n = 4744) were scanned and analysed by an in-house AI-based cancer detection algorithm. The algorithm was analysed for sensitivity, specificity, and for accuracy to predict need for active treatment. Prognostic properties of cancer size, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and PSA density at diagnosis were evaluated.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the AI algorithm was 0.96 and 0.73, respectively, for correct detection of cancer areas. Original pathology report diagnosis was used as the reference method. The area of cancer estimated by the pathologists correlated highly with the AI detected cancer size (r = 0.83). By using the AI algorithm, 63% of the slides would not need to be read by a pathologist as they were classed as benign, at the risk of missing 0.55% slides containing cancer. Biopsy cancer content and PSA density at diagnosis were found to be prognostic of whether the patient stayed on AS or was discontinued for active treatment.ConclusionThe AI-based biopsy cancer detection algorithm could be used to reduce the pathologists' workload in an AS cohort. The detected cancer amount correlated well with the cancer length measured by the pathologist and the algorithm performed well in finding even small areas of cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an AI-based algorithm in digital pathology used to detect cancer in a cohort of patients on AS.

  • 21.
    Asad, Danna
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Styrke, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Hagsheno, Mohammad
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Johansson, Markus
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Svensson, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Pelander, Sofia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Lauer, Jan
    Nykoping Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Netterling, Hans
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    A prospective multicenter study of visual response-evaluation by cystoscopy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer2022In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 20-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose To evaluate a method of transurethral visual response-staging in patients with urothelial muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIBC), undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC). Methods A prospective study at four Swedish cystectomy centers, cystoscopy was performed after final NAC-cycle for MIBC. Fifty-six participants underwent cystoscopy for visual staging of the tumor immediately pre-RC. Visual assessments were correlated to pathoanatomical outcomes post-RC. Results Seventeen tumors were classified as complete response (CR), i.e. pT0. Twenty-five patients had residual MIBC and 14 had non-muscle invasive residual tumors (NMIBC). Of the 39 patients with residual tumor, 25 were correctly identified visually (64%). Eleven patients were pN+. The diagnostic accuracy of cystoscopy to correctly identify complete response or remaining tumor was 70% (CI = 56-81%) with a sensitivity of 64% (CI = 47-79%), specificity 82% (CI = 57-96%), PPV 89% (CI = 74-96%) and NPV 50% (CI =38-61%). Twenty-eight cystoscopy evaluations showed signs of residual tumors and 3/28 (11%) were false positive. In 4/14 patients assessed having residual NMIBC the estimates were correct, 8/14 had histopathological MIBC and 2/14 had CR. In 11/14 patients (79%), the suggested visual assessment of MIBC was correct, 2/14 had NMIBC and 1/14 had CR. Twenty-eight cystoscopies had negative findings, 14 were false negatives (50%), when cystoscopy falsely predicted pT0. Among them there were eight patients with pTa, pT1 or pTis and six MIBC-tumors. In 17 patients with histopathological pT0, 14 were correctly identified with cystoscopy (82%). Conclusion Cystoscopy after the final NAC-cycle cannot robustly differentiate between NAC-responders and non-responders. Visually, negative MIBC-status cannot be determined safely.

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  • 22.
    Bergengren, Oskar
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Belozerov, Alexej
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Bill-Axelson, Anna
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Garmo, Hans
    Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Souroderkvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ullen, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Short term outcomes after robot assisted and open cystectomy- A nation-wide population-based study2023In: European Journal of Surgical Oncology, ISSN 0748-7983, E-ISSN 1532-2157, Vol. 49, no 4, p. 868-874Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: We aimed to compare short term outcomes after robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and open radical cystectomy (ORC) for urinary bladder cancer in a large population.Materials and methods: We included all patients without distant metastases who underwent either RARC or ORC with ileal conduit between 2011 and 2019 registered in the Bladder cancer data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.0. Primary outcome was unplanned readmissions within 90 days, and secondary out-comes within 90 days of surgery were reoperations, Clavien 3-5 complications, total days alive and out of hospital, and mortality. The analysis was carried out using multivariate regression models.Results: Out of 2905 patients, 832 were operated with RARC and 2073 with ORC. Robotic procedures were to a larger extent performed during later years, at high volume centers (47% vs 17%), more often for organ-confined disease (82% vs. 72%) and more frequently in patients with high socioeconomic status (26% vs. 21%). Patients operated with RARC were more commonly readmitted (29% vs. 25%). In multi -variable analysis RARC was associated with decreased risk of Clavien 3-5 complications (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.47-0.72), reoperations (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39-0.71) and had more days alive and out of hospital (mean difference 3.7 days, 95% CI 2.4-5.0).Conclusion: This study illustrates the "real-world" effects of a gradual and nation-wide introduction of RARC. Patients operated with RARC had fewer major complications and reoperations but were more frequently readmitted compared to ORC. The observed differences were largely due to more wound related complications among patients treated with ORC.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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  • 23.
    Bergman, Emma Ahlen
    et al.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hartana, Ciputra Adijaya
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Johansson, Markus
    Sundsvall Hosp, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Linton, Ludvig B.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Berglund, Sofia
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hyllienmark, Martin
    TLA Targeted Immunotherapies AB, Sweden.
    Lundgren, Christian
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Holmstrom, Benny
    Akad Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Palmqvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Ostersund Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Hansson, Johan
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Alamdari, Farhood
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Riklund, Katrine
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Winerdal, Malin E.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Krantz, David
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Zirakzadeh, A. Ali
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Marits, Per
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Sjoholm, Louise K.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Increased CD4(+) T cell lineage commitment determined by CpG methylation correlates with better prognosis in urinary bladder cancer patients2018In: Clinical Epigenetics, E-ISSN 1868-7083, Vol. 10, article id 102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. Environmental factors and chronic inflammation are correlated with the disease risk. Diagnosis is performed by transurethral resection of the bladder, and patients with muscle invasive disease preferably proceed to radical cystectomy, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The anti-tumour immune responses, known to be initiated in the tumour and draining lymph nodes, may play a major role in future treatment strategies. Thus, increasing the knowledge of tumour-associated immunological processes is important. Activated CD4(+) T cells differentiate into four main separate lineages: Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, and they are recognized by their effector molecules IFN-gamma, IL-13, IL-17A, and the transcription factor Foxp3, respectively. We have previously demonstrated signature CpG sites predictive for lineage commitment of these four major CD4(+ )T cell lineages. Here, we investigate the lineage commitment specifically in tumour, lymph nodes and blood and relate them to the disease stage and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Blood, tumour and regional lymph nodes were obtained from patients at time of transurethral resection of the bladder and at radical cystectomy. Tumour-infiltrating CD4(+ )lymphocytes were significantly hypomethylated in all four investigated lineage loci compared to CD4(+) lymphocytes in lymph nodes and blood (lymph nodes vs rumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: IFNG -4229 bp p amp;lt; 0.0001, IL13 -11 bp p amp;lt; 0.05, IL17A -122 bp p amp;lt; 0.01 and FOXP3 -77 bp pamp;gt; 0.05). Examination of individual lymph nodes displayed different methylation signatures, suggesting possible correlation with future survival. More advanced post-cystectomy tumour stages correlated significantly with increased methylation at the IFNG -4229 bp locus. Patients with complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed significant hypomethylation in CD4(+ )T cells for all four investigated loci, most prominently in IFNG p amp;lt; 0.0001. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy seemed to result in a relocation of Th1-committed CD4(+) T cells from blood, presumably to the tumour, indicated by shifts in the methylation patterns, whereas no such shifts were seen for lineages corresponding to IL13, IL17A and FOXP3. Conclusion: Increased lineage commitment in CD4(+) T cells, as determined by demethylation in predictive CpG sites, is associated with lower post-cystectomy tumour stage, complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and overall better outcome, suggesting epigenetic profiling of CD4(+) T cell lineages as a useful readout for clinical staging.

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  • 24.
    Bobjer, Johannes
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gerdtsson, Axel
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Baseckas, Gediminas
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Bergkvist, Mats
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Blackberg, Mats
    Helsingborg Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Brandstedt, Johan
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Jancke, Georg
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kollberg, Petter
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Lundstrom, Karl-Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Ostersund Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Lofgren, Annica
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Nyberg, Martin
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Martensson, Liselotte Rian
    Trondheim Reg & Univ Hosp, Norway.
    Saemundsson, Ymir
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Stahl, Elin
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Sorenby, Anne
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Location of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Metastases in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Results from a Prospective Lymph Node Mapping Study2023In: European Urology Open Science, ISSN 2666-1691, E-ISSN 2666-1683, Vol. 57, p. 37-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is limited information on the distribution of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases (LNMs) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Objective: To investigate the location of LNMs in UTUC of the renal pelvis or proximal ureter and short-term complications after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with lymph node dissection (LND). Design, setting, and participants: This was a prospective Nordic multicenter study (four university hospitals, two county hospitals). Patients with clinically suspected locally advanced UTUC (stage &gt;T1) and/or clinical lymph node-positive (cN+) dis-ease were invited to participate. Participants underwent RNU and fractionated retroperitoneal LND using predefined side-specific templates. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The location of LNMs in the LND specimen and retroperitoneal lymph node recurrences during follow-up was recorded. Postoperative complications within 90 d of surgery were ascertained from patient charts. Descriptive statistics were used.Results and limitations: LNMs were present in the LND specimen in 23/100 patients, and nine of 100 patients experienced a retroperitoneal recurrence. Distribution per side revealed LNMs in the LND specimen in 11/38 (29%) patients with right-sided tumors, for whom the anatomically larger, right-sided template was used, in comparison to 12/62 (19%) patients with left-sided tumors, for whom a more limited template was used. High-grade complications (Clavien grade &gt;= 3) within 90 d of surgery were registered for 13/100 patients. The study is limited in size and not powered to assess survival estimates.Conclusions: The suggested templates that we prospectively applied for right-sided and left-sided LND in patients with advanced UTUC included the majority of LNMs. High-grade complications directly related to the LND part of the surgery were limited.Patient summary: This study describes the location of lymph node metastases in patients with cancer in the upper urinary tract who underwent surgery to remove the affected kidney and ureter. The results show that most metastases occur within the template maps for lymph node surgery that we investigated, and that this surgery can be performed with few severe complications.

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  • 25.
    Bobjer, Johannes
    et al.
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Simoulis, Athanasious
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Bladder cancer recurrence in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) compared to G1 WHO 1999: a population-based study2022In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 14-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) and stage TaG1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represent separate categories in current WHO 1999 grade definitions. Similarly, PUNLMP and Ta low-grade are separate entities in the WHO 2004/2016 grading system. However, this classification is currently questioned by reports showing a similar risk of recurrence and progression for both categories. Patients and methods In this population-based study, risk estimates were evaluated in patients diagnosed with PUNLMP (n = 135) or stage TaG1 (n = 2176) NMIBC 2004-2008 with 5-year follow-up registration in the nation-wide Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). The risk of recurrence was assessed using multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for multiple confounders (age, gender, marital status, comorbidity, educational level, and health care region). Results At five years, 28/135 (21%) patients with PUNLMP and 922/2176 (42%) with TaG1 had local recurrence. The corresponding progression rates were 0.7% (1/135) and 4.0% (86/2176), respectively. A higher relative risk of recurrence was detected in patients with TaG1 tumours compared to PUNLMP (Hazard Ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) at 5-year follow-up, while progression events were too few to compare. Conclusions The difference in risk of recurrence between primary stage TaG1 and PUNLMP stands in contrast to the recently adapted notion that treatment and follow-up strategies can be merged into one low-risk group of NMIBC.

  • 26.
    Bobjer, Johannes
    et al.
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    A population-based study on the effect of a routine second-look resection on survival in primary stage T1 bladder cancer2021In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 55, no 2, p. 108-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To assess the value of second-look resection (SLR) in stage T1 bladder cancer (BCa) with respect to progression-free survival (PFS), and also the secondary outcomes recurrence-free survival (RFS), bladder-cancer-specific survival (CSS), and cystectomy-free survival (CFS). Patients and methods The study included 2456 patients diagnosed with stage T1 BCa 2004-2009 with 5-yr follow-up registration in the nationwide Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). PFS, RFS, CSS, and CFS were evaluated in stage T1 BCa patients with or without routine SLR, using univariate and multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for multiple confounders (age, gender, tumour grade, intravesical treatment, hospital volume, comorbidity, and educational level). Results SLR was performed in 642 (26%) individuals, and more frequently on patients who were aged &lt; 75 yr, had grade 3 tumours, and had less comorbidity. There was no association between SLR and PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.1, confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.3), RFS (HR 1.0, CI 0.90-1.2), CFS (HR 1.2, CI 0.95-1.5) or CSS (HR 1.1, CI 0.89-1.4). Conclusions We found similar survival outcomes in patients with and patients without SLR, but our study is likely affected by selection mechanisms. A randomised study defining the role of SLR in stage T1 BCa would be highly relevant to guide current praxis.

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  • 27.
    Danielsson, Gun
    et al.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Wijkstrom, Hans
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Nyberg, Tommy
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Univ Cambridge, England.
    Thulin, Helena
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Bladder health in patients treated with BCG instillations for T1G2-G3 bladder cancer - a follow-up five years after the start of treatment2018In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 52, no 5-6, p. 377-384Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Investigate symptoms and how they affect daily life in patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations. Materials and methods: Patients treated with BCG were included. After an initial transurethral resection (TURB) followed by a second-look resection, the patients were given an induction course with BCG for 6 weeks followed by maintenance therapy for 2 years. The patients answered a questionnaire before, during and after the treatment. The questionnaire contained questions about specific symptoms combined with bother questions on how each symptom affected patients life. Results: In total, 113 of 116 patients responded to the first questionnaire. Thirty per cent of all patients were bothered by disease-specific symptoms before the start of BCG. Few patients reported fever, haematuria, illness or urinary tract symptoms. No difference in symptoms was found between patients with or without concomitant CIS (carcinoma in situ). Patients younger than 65 years of age reported a greater worry about the symptom burden in the future than those who were older. Patients younger than 65 years reported a decreased level of mental well-being. Conclusion: Patients with bladder cancer T1G2-G3 had disease-specific symptoms present already before the start of the BCG. The burden of symptoms was reduced over time and showed that the bladder might recover. BCG instillations had side-effects that negatively affected the patients well-being. It is important to record the patients baseline bladder and voiding status before as well as during the BCG-instillation period in order to understand symptoms caused by the treatment.

  • 28.
    Dellgren, Linus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Claesson, Carina
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Högdahl, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Forsberg, Jon
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Phenotypic screening for quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli2019In: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 38, no 9, p. 1765-1771Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies show that rectal colonization with low-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli (ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) above the epidemiological cutoff point, but below the clinical breakpoint for resistance), i.e., in the range amp;gt; 0.06-0.5 mg/L is an independent risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS-B) of the prostate, adding to the other risk posed by established ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli (MIC amp;gt; 0.5 mg/L) as currently defined. We aimed to identify the quinolone that by disk diffusion best discriminates phenotypic wild-type isolates (ciprofloxacin MIC amp;lt;= 0.06 mg/L) of E. coli from isolates with acquired resistance, and to determine the resistance genotype of each isolate. The susceptibility of 108 E. coli isolates was evaluated by ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, and pefloxacin disk diffusion and correlated to ciprofloxacin MIC (broth microdilution) using EUCAST methodology. Genotypic resistance was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The specificity was 100% for all quinolone disks. Sensitivity varied substantially, as follows: ciprofloxacin 59%, levofloxacin 46%, moxifloxacin 59%, nalidixic acid 97%, and pefloxacin 97%. We suggest that in situations where low-level quinolone resistance might be of importance, such as when screening for quinolone resistance in fecal samples pre-TRUS-B, a pefloxacin (S amp;gt;= 24 mm) or nalidixic acid (S amp;gt;= 19 mm) disk, or a combination of the two, should be used. In a setting where plasmid-mediated resistance is prevalent, pefloxacin might perform better than nalidixic acid.

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  • 29.
    Drott, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences.
    Fomichov Casaballe, Victoria
    Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Enheten för folkhälsa. Linköping University.
    Nordén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Lindhoff Larsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Sandström, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Björnsson, Bergthor
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Eldh, Ann Catrine
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Patient preferences and experiences of participation in surgical cancer care2022In: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, ISSN 1545-102X, E-ISSN 1741-6787, Vol. 19, no 5, p. 405-414Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Quality cancer care necessitates opportunities for patient participation, supposedly recognizing the individuals preferences and experiences for being involved in their health and healthcare issues. Previous research shows that surgical cancer patients wish to be more involved, requiring professionals to be sensitive of patients needs. Aims To explore preference-based patient participation in surgical cancer care. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Patient Preferences for Patient Participation tool (4Ps) was used, which includes 12 attributes of preferences for and experiences of patient participation. Data were analyzed with descriptive and comparative statistical methods. Results The results are based on a total of 101 questionnaires. Having reciprocal communication and being listened to by healthcare staff were commonly deemed crucial for patient participation. While 60% of the patients suggested that taking part in planning was crucial for their participation, they had experienced this only to some extent. Learning to manage symptoms and phrasing personal goals were items most often representing insufficient conditions for preference-based patient participation. Linking Evidence to Action To support person-centered surgical care, further efforts to suffice preference-based participation are needed, including opportunities for patients to share their experiences and engage in the planning of healthcare activities.

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  • 30.
    Ebbinge, Maria
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Berglund, Anders
    EpiStat, Sweden.
    Varenhorst, Eberhard
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hedlund, Per Olov
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sandblom, Gabriel
    Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden.
    Clinical and prognostic significance of changes in haemoglobin concentration during 1 year of androgen-deprivation therapy for hormone-naive bone-metastatic prostate cancer2018In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 122, no 4, p. 583-591Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To estimate the strength of change in haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations during 1 year of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) as a predictor of survival in hormone-naive patients with bone-metastatic (Stage M1b) prostate cancer. Patients and Methods The patients included in this study were taken from the randomised trial (number 5) carried out by the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG), comparing parenteral oestrogen with total androgen blockade (TAB) in hormone-naive M1b prostate cancer. We identified 597 men where Hb measurements were made at enrolment, as well as at 3, 6 and 12 months of ADT. The time-dependent impact of Hb concentration changes on overall survival (OS) was analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. The 10-year OS according to increase/decrease in Hb concentration for the three treatment periods was demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Multivariate analysis of changes in Hb concentration between baseline and 3 months showed better survival in patients with a decrease in Hb concentration (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.80) compared to those with an increase, whilst there was no difference in survival associated with a change in Hb concentration between 3 and 6 months (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76-1.12). Contrary to the first 3 months, poorer survival was seen in patients with a decrease in Hb concentration between 6 and 12 months (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.92) compared to those with an increase. Conclusions In a large cohort of Scandinavian men with hormone-nave M1b prostate cancer, an increase in Hb concentration between baseline and 3 months of ADT was associated with significantly poorer survival, whereas an increase between 6 and 12 months was associated with better survival. These findings provide new information about patterns of change in Hb concentrations during 12 months of ADT for M1b prostate cancer, and survival. Clinicians should be aware of the prognostic value of Hb concentration changes during ADT in M1b prostate cancer.

  • 31.
    Eriksson, Victoria
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Holmkvist, Oscar
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Johansson, Markus
    Sundsvall Harnosand Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Alamdari, Farhood
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Svensson, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    A Retrospective Analysis of the De Ritis Ratio in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer, with Focus on Tumor Response and Long-Term Survival in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and in Chemo Naïve Cystectomy Patients - A Study of a Clinical Multicentre Database2022In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, E-ISSN 2075-4426, Vol. 12, no 11, article id 1769Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A high pre-treatment De Ritis ratio, the aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, has been suggested to be of prognostic value for mortality in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Our purpose was to evaluate if a high ratio was associated with mortality and downstaging. Methods: A total of 347 Swedish patients with clinically staged T2-T4aNOMO, with administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or eligible for NAC and undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) 2009-2021, were retrospectively evaluated with a low ratio &lt; 1.3 vs. high ratio &gt; 1.3, by Log Rank test, Cox regression and Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU), SPSS 27. Results: Patients with a high ratio had a decrease of up to 3 years in disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.009, p = 0.004 and p = 0.009) and 5 years in CSS and OS (p = 0.019 and p = 0.046). A high ratio was associated with increased risk of mortality, highest in DFS (HR, 1.909; 95% CI, 1.265-2.880; p = 0.002). No significant relationship between downstaging and a high ratio existed (p = 0.564 MWU). Conclusion: A high pre-treatment De Ritis ratio is on a population level, associated with increased mortality post-RC in endpoints DFS, CSS and OS. Associations decrease over time and require further investigations to determine how strong the associations are as meaningful prognostic markers for long-term mortality in MIBC. The ratio is not suitable for downstaging-prediction.

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  • 32.
    Eriksson, Victoria
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Holmlund, Jennie
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Wiberg, Erik
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Johansson, Markus
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Alamdari, Farhood
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Svensson, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Adverse events during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer - a Swedish retrospective multicentre study of a clinical database2022In: Translational Andrology and Urology, ISSN 2223-4683, Vol. 11, no 8, p. 1105-1115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Adverse events (AEs) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are known but insufficiently reported. Clinical implications include affected cardiac, pulmonary, urinary, vascular and haematological organ systems. The main purpose was to evaluate the incidence and severity of AEs for ascertaining possible clinical significance. Further investigating possible effects of AEs on downstaging outcomes-downstaging is considered a surrogate marker for overall survival (OS).Methods: A retrospective evaluation of AEs during ongoing NAC for MIBC patients analysing individual patient data in a clinical database. We identified 687 cystectomies between 2009-2020 at four Swedish urological centres. Inclusion criteria were cT2-4aN0M0 in 261 NAC patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Medical files were reviewed and AEs were assessed and graded, including detailed measurements by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.5. Data were retrospectively analysed in SPSS statistics 27.0 with Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU).Results: A total of 251/261 patients [95% confidence interval (CI), 93-98%] experienced AEs during NAC pre-RC (mean two AEs/patient). In total, 208 (80%) patients received methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cisplatin (MVAC). In the total cohort, 200 (76.6%) received all pre-planned NAC-cycles. Most common AEs were anaemia (88.9%), thrombocytopenia (44.8%) and acute kidney injury (40.6%). Patients with prematurely terminated cycles had higher AE-grades (P=0.042 MWU). A correlation between higher AE-grades and decrease in downstaging existed, in the entire cohort (-0.133; P=0.033) and in patients undergoing all pre-planned NAC-cycles (-0.148; P=0.038). Anaemia and acute kidney injury were individually associated with decreased downstaging (-0.360, P=0.025 and -0.183, P=0.010, respectively).Conclusion: NAC in MIBC poses a significant risk for AEs before RC with clinical implications. For instance, patients terminating chemotherapy prematurely, have higher AE-grades and decreased downstaging. Further, acute kidney injury and anaemia are individually associated with decreased downstaging. We propose that early detection and prevention of AEs may increase downstaging of the primary tumour.

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  • 33.
    Gerdtsson, Axel
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Håkansson, Ulf
    Gastrocenter, Lund, Sweden.
    Törnblom, Magnus
    Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Visby County Hospital, Visby, Sweden.
    Jancke, Georg
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Negaard, Helene F. S.
    Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Glimelius, Ingrid
    Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Unit of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Halvorsen, Dag
    Department of Urology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    Karlsdóttir, Ása
    Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
    Haugnes, Hege Sagstuen
    Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Andreassen, Kristine Engen
    Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Larsen, Signe Melsen
    Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Holmberg, Göran
    Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wahlqvist, Rolf
    Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Tandstad, Torgrim
    The Cancer Clinic, St; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Cohn-Cedermark, Gabriella
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; PO Bäckencancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ståhl, Olof
    Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Kjellman, Anders
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Urology, Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Surgical Complications in Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminoma Germ Cell Tumour: A Population-based Study from the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group2020In: European Urology Oncology, E-ISSN 2588-9311, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 382-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reports on perioperative complications after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for nonseminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) are from experienced single centres, with a lack of population-based studies.

  • 34.
    Hadziabdic, Emina
    et al.
    Linnaeus Univ, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Sara
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Marklund, Helén
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hjelm, Katarina
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Development of a group-based diabetes education model for migrants with type 2 diabetes, living in Sweden2020In: Primary Health Care Research and Development, ISSN 1463-4236, E-ISSN 1477-1128, Vol. 21, article id e50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To develop a diabetes education model based on individual beliefs, knowledge and risk awareness, aimed at migrants with type 2 diabetes, living in Sweden. Background: Type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing globally, particularly affecting migrants living in developed countries. There is ongoing debate about what kind of teaching method gives the best result, but few studies have evaluated different methods for teaching migrants. Previous studies lack a theoretical base and do not proceed from the individuals own beliefs about health and illness, underpinned by their knowledge, guiding their health-related behaviour. Methods: A diabetes education model was developed to increase knowledge about diabetes and to influence self-care among migrants with type 2 diabetes. The model was based on literature review, on results from a previous study investigating knowledge about diabetes, on experience from studies of beliefs about health and illness, and on collaboration between researchers in diabetes care and migration and health and staff working in a multi-professional diabetes team. Findings: This is a culturally appropriate diabetes education model proceeding from individual beliefs about health and illness and knowledge, conducted in focus-group discussions in five sessions, led by a diabetes specialist nurse in collaboration with a multi-professional team, and completed within three months. The focus groups should include 4-5 persons and last for about 90 min, in the presence of an interpreter. A thematic interview guide should be used, with broad open-ended questions and descriptions of critical situations/health problems. Discussions of individual beliefs based on knowledge are encouraged. When needed, healthcare staff present at the session answer questions, add information and ensure that basic principles for diabetes care are covered. The diabetes education model is tailored to both individual and cultural aspects and can improve knowledge about type 2 diabetes, among migrants and thus increase self-care behaviour and improve health.

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  • 35.
    Hagersten, Emma Schulz
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Kristoffer
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Pelander, Sofia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Johansson, Markus
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Sundsvall Harnosand Hosp, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Alamdari, Farhood
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Svensson, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Styrke, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    The Risk of Thromboembolism in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer before and after Cystectomy Depending on Blood Group and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-A Multicentre Retrospective Cohort Study2023In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, E-ISSN 2075-4426, Vol. 13, no 9, article id 1355Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Previous studies have indicated that patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with non-O blood types have an increased risk of experiencing thromboembolic events (TEEs). This is finding is in relation to neoadjuvant-chemotherapy (NAC)-naive patients. Aim: to establish the risk of TEEs and any association with blood types among NAC patients as well as NAC-naive patients. Methods: Cystectomized patients at four centres treated from 2009 to 2018 (n = 244) were analysed. The quantities of patients corresponding to each blood group were as follows: A-108 (44%); O-99 (41%); B-30 (12%); and AB-7 (3%). NAC patients (n = 167) and NAC-naive NAC-eligible patients (n = 77) were assessed. In total, 54 women (22%) and 190 men (78%), with a median age of 69 years, were included in the study. The occurrence of any type of TEE from six months pre-cystectomy to 12-24 months after was analysed using logistic regression adjusted for NAC and confounders. Results: Sixty-six TEEs were detected in 21% of the patients (n = 52). Pulmonary embolus (n = 33) and deep venous thrombosis (n = 11) were the most common forms. No significant differences between blood types were found in the analysis, although B blood type had a nearly significant increased crude risk compared with O blood type, for which there was an OR of 2.48 (95% CI 0.98-6.36). Adjustment for NAC and covariates weakened the OR, which plummeted to 1.98 (95% CI 0.71-5.51). Conclusions: No significant associations were found between blood types and TEE occurrences in this cohort including both NAC and NAC-naive NAC-eligible patients.

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  • 36.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Garmo, Hans
    Kings Coll London, England; Reg Canc Ctr Uppsala Orebro, Sweden.
    de Luna, Xavier
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
    Kings Coll London, England; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Soderkvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Survival after radiotherapy versus radical cystectomy for primary muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study2019In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 8, no 5, p. 2196-2204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Studies of survival comparing radical cystectomy (RC) and radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer have provided inconsistent results and have methodological limitations. The aim of the study was to investigate risk of death after radiotherapy as compared to RC. Methods We selected patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma without distant metastases, treated with radiotherapy or RC from 1997 to 2014 in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe) and estimated absolute and relative risk of bladder cancer death and all-cause death. In a group of patients, theoretically eligible for a trial comparing radiotherapy and RC, we calculated risk difference in an instrumental variable analysis. We have not investigated chemoradiotherapy as this treatment was not used in the study time period. Results The study included 3 309 patients, of those 17% were treated with radiotherapy and 83% with RC. Patients treated with radiotherapy were older, had more advanced comorbidity, and had a higher risk of death as compared to patients treated with RC (relative risks of 1.5-1.6). In the "trial population," all-cause death risk difference was 6 per 100 patients lower after radiotherapy at 5 years of follow-up, 95% confidence interval -41 to 29. Conclusion(s) Patient selection between the treatments make it difficult to evaluate results from conventionally adjusted and propensity-score matched survival analysis. When taking into account unmeasured confounding by instrumental variable analysis, no differences in survival was found between the treatments for a selected group of patients. Further clinical studies are needed to characterize this group of patients, which can serve as a basis for future comparison studies for treatment recommendations.

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  • 37.
    Hartana, C. A.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Bergman, E. Ahlen
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Broome, A.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Berglund, S.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Johansson, M.
    Sundsvall Hosp, Sweden.
    Alamdari, F.
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden.
    Jakubczyk, T.
    Lanssjukhuset Ryhov, Sweden.
    Huge, Ylva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Palmqvist, K.
    Ostersund Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Holmstroem, B.
    Akad Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Glise, H.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Riklund, K.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, A.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Winqvist, O.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Tissue-resident memory T cells are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion in human urinary bladder cancer2018In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology, ISSN 0009-9104, E-ISSN 1365-2249, Vol. 194, no 1, p. 39-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tissue-resident memory T (T-RM) cells are CD8(+) T lymphocytes that reside in the tissues, including tumours. This T cell subset possesses a magnitude of cytotoxicity, but its epigenetic regulation has not been studied. Here, we investigate the impact of perforin DNA methylation in T-RM cells and correlate it with their functional potential. Fifty-three urothelial urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients were recruited prospectively. The DNA methylation status of the perforin gene (PRF1) locus in T-RM cells was investigated by pyrosequencing. Flow cytometry with ViSNE analysis and in-vitro stimulation were used to evaluate T-RM cell phenotypes. We discovered that tumour T-RM cells have low DNA methylation in the PRF1 locus (32amp;lt;boldamp;gt;amp;lt;/boldamp;gt;9% methylation), which corresponds to increased numbers of perforin-expressing T-RM cells. Surprisingly, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression is high in tumour T-RM cells, suggesting exhaustion. Following interleukin-15 and T cell receptor stimulation, perforin and T-bet expressions are enhanced, indicating that T-RM cells from tumours are not terminally exhausted. Moreover, a high number of T-RM cells infiltrating the tumours corresponds to lower tumour stage in patients. In conclusion, T-RM cells from UBC tumours are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion. This finding identifies T-RM cells as potential new targets for cancer immunotherapy.

  • 38.
    Hemdan, Tammer
    et al.
    Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Malmström, Per-Uno
    Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Segersten, Ulrika
    Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
    Emmprin expression predicts response and survival following cisplatin containing chemotherapy for bladder cancer: A validation study2015In: Journal of Urology, ISSN 0022-5347, E-ISSN 1527-3792, Vol. 194, no 6, p. 1575-1581Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy is recommended. To our knowledge the subset of patients likely to benefit has not been identified. We validate emmprin and survivin as markers of chemotherapy response. Materials and Methods Tumor specimens were obtained before therapy from a total of 250 patients with T1-T4 bladder cancer enrolled in 2 randomized trials comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy with a surgery only arm. Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Expression was categorized according to predefined cutoffs reported in the literature. Data were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox models. Patients in the chemotherapy cohort with negative emmprin expression had significantly higher down staging overall survival than those with positive expression (71% vs 38%, p <0.001). The values for cancer specific survival were 76% and 56%, respectively (p <0.027). In the cystectomy only cohort emmprin expression was not associated with overall survival (46% vs 35%, p = 0.23) or cancer specific survival (55% vs 51%, p = 0.64). Emmprin negative patients had an absolute risk reduction of 25% in overall survival (95% CI 11-40) and a number needed to treat of 4 (95% CI 2.5-9.3). Survivin expression was not useful as a biomarker in this study. Limitations were the retrospective design and heterogeneity coupled with the time difference between the trials. Conclusions Patients with emmprin negative tumors have a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy than those with positive expression. © 2015 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.

  • 39.
    Holmberg, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Soderkvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ullen, Anders
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Enlund, Mats
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Number of transurethral procedures after non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and survival in causes other than bladder cancer2022In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 17, no 9, article id e0274859Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Previous research has associated repeated transurethral procedures after a diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with increased risk of death of causes other than bladder cancer. Aim We investigated the overall and disease-specific risk of death in patients with NMIBC compared to a background population sample. Methods We utilized the database BladderBaSe 2.0 containing tumor-specific, health-related and socio-demographic information for 38,547 patients with NMIBC not primarily treated with radical cystectomy and 192,733 individuals in a comparison cohort, matched on age, gender, and county of residence. The cohorts were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and Hazard ratios (HR) from a Cox regression models. In the NMIBC cohort, we analyzed the association between number of transurethral procedures and death conditioned on surviving two or five years. Results Overall survival and survival from causes other than bladder cancer estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves was 9.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) (8.6%-10.0%)) and 1.4% (95% CI 0.7%-2.1%) lower respectively for the NMIBC cohort compared to the comparison cohort at ten years. In a Cox model adjusted for prognostic group, educational level and comorbidity, the HR was 1.03 (95% CI 1.01-1.05) for death from causes other than bladder cancer comparing the NMIBC cohort to the comparison cohort. Among the NMIBC patients, there was no discernible association between number of transurethral procedures and deaths of causes other than bladder cancer after adjustment. The number of procedures were, however, associated with risk of dying from bladder cancer HR 3.56 (95% CI 3.43-3.68) for four or more resections versus one within two years of follow-up. Conclusion The results indicate that repeated diagnostic or therapeutic transurethral procedures under follow-up do not increase of risk dying from causes other than bladder cancer. The modestly raised risk for NMIBC patients dying from causes other than bladder cancer is likely explained by residual confounding.

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  • 40.
    Holmberg, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Skogmar, Sten
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Garmo, Hans
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Soderkvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ullen, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Cumulative incidence of and risk factors for BCG infection after adjuvant BCG instillations2024In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectivesTo investigate the cumulative incidence proportion of disseminated or local Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infections after adjuvant BCG instillations in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Patients and MethodsWe analysed the timing and occurrence of BCG infections and absolute and relative risk in relation to patient characteristics available in the Swedish nationwide database 'BladderBaSe 2.0'. The cumulative incidence proportion of a BCG infection was indicated by a reported diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in the patient registry or filing a prescription for tuberculostatic drugs.ResultsThe cumulative incidence proportion was 1.1% at the 5-year follow-up in 5033 patients exposed to adjuvant BCG instillations. The incidence rate was highest during the first 2 years after start of BCG instillations. Women had a lower risk than men (hazard ratio 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.74). Age and calendar time at diagnosis, comorbidity, tumour risk group, previous medication with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, or time between transurethral resection of the bladder tumour and commencing the adjuvant BCG instillation were not associated with risk.ConclusionsThese data further supports that the overall risk of a BCG infection after BCG-instillation treatment for NMIBC is low. The great majority of infections occur in the first 2 years, calling for an awareness of the diverse symptoms of BCG infection during this period. We provide evidence for male sex as a risk factor; however, the statistical precision is low and with a risk of selection bias, making it difficult to rule out the other suggested risk factors without further studies with different approaches.

  • 41. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Holmbom, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Clinical Impact of Bloodstream Infections – Characterization, Risk factors and Outcome2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Bloodstream infection (blood poisoning) and antibiotic resistance are increasing worldwide, and already cause the loss of millions of human lives each year. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent 20% of global mortality on a par with cardiac infarct, stroke, and major trauma. BSI may occur when bacteria from a focus of infection gain access to the circulation (bacteraemia). BSIs are usually divided into two subclasses: community- and hospital-onset infections, since disease this involves different patient groups, types of bacteria, and reasons for infection. Compared to other countries, Sweden has been fortunate in having a relatively low death rate from BSI and low antibiotic resistance. However, as our lifestyle changes, the age of the population increases with more disease as a result, and as the healthcare system responds, death from infection and antibiotic resistance are on the increase. It is important that we recognise ”warning symptoms” if we are to manage BSIs correctly and initiate effective treatment. It is difficult to design individualised empirical treatment, so it is very important to be aware of risk factors for BSI and local resistance patterns, and to have an effective management programme. 

    Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing problem, especially in bowel organisms that can cause infections that are very difficult to treat. In short, antibiotic resistance arises as a result of evolutionary processes where bacteria protect themselves by developing resistance genes. These genes can be exchanged between similar organisms or transmitted to others that in turn cause resistant infection. The use of antibiotics leads to an evolutionary/selection process leading to resistance in bacteria, both normal and pathogenic, enabling resistant organisms to survive, thrive, and go on to cause infection. Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health.  

    This thesis aims to increase our awareness of a large group of patients who suffer bloodstream infection. BSIs are increasing globally, and the death toll is high. Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat to the health of the population, and we are inundated by alarming reports of resistance getting out of control. What is the situation in Sweden, and can we identify risk factors for BSI and mortality? 

    In Study I, our aim was to study the incidence and mortality of BSI in Östergötland. To be able to do this, a large patient population stretching over several years was required. The study design was thus population-based in the form of an observational cohort study where all blood culture results from 2000 to 2013 were analysed, and evaluated from clinical data. A total of 109,938 results were analysed resulting in 11,480 BSIs. 

    We saw that the incidence of BSI increased by 64% (mostly community-onset BSIs). We also saw that mortality increased by 45%. These results illustrate the importance of nationwide cooperation to combat the increasing problem of BSI and its mortality, and the establishment of a nationwide BSI register. 

    The aim of Study II was to assess resistance development in Östergötland and its relationship to mortality. A total of 9,587 microorganisms were analysed between 2008 and 2016. We observed an increase in quinolone resistance (3.7-7.7%) and cephalosporin resistance (2.5-5.2%) amongst Enterobacteriaceae. We then looked at BSIs caused by multiresistant bacteria showing a total of 245 cases (2.6%); an increase of 300%. Despite this, we did not see an increased mortality in this group. 

    There are several possible explanations for the increase in BSI mortality of which antibiotic resistance is a predominant factor globally. We were unable to show this in our study, even so mortality is increasing and is currently at a high level. In Study III we therefore analysed risk factors associated with death during a community-acquired BSI, focusing on preliminary prehospital and hospital management. In a retrospective case-control study on 195 deaths matched 1:1 regarding age, gender, and microorganism, with 195 survivors (controls). Results showed that many patients had contacted the primary healthcare system because of infection before they became severely ill, and that the strongest affectable risk factor for death was delay (>24h) between primary healthcare visit and admission to hospital. This shows the need for increased awareness in society and amongst the medical profession of those patients at risk and symptoms that should raise the alarm, leading to more rapid treatment. 

    In Studies I and II we found an increase in both BSIs and mortality, we also saw an increase in antibiotic resistance and multiresistant bacteria, mainly ESBL-producing E. coli. On the other hand, we did not see any coupling between multiresistance and mortality in this Swedish population. E. coli is a gram-negative bacteria that causes most BSIs. Since E. coli is predominantly a urine tract pathogen, Study IV aimed to study BSIs caused by ESBL-producing E. coli originating from the urinary tract. We studied the prevalence of E. coli clones, resistance genes and risk factors, as well as any signs of increased mortality from ESBL-producing E. coli compared to sensitive E. coli. Our main finding was a surprisingly low mortality from ESBL-producing E. coli (3%). Most patients in the ESBL-producing E. coli group received inadequate antibiotic treatment for at least 48h, but we did not see any sign of increased mortality or risk for serious sepsis with circulatory failure in this group. This finding is interesting and opens up for new studies on virulence factors and immunological factors that govern the immune response to BSI. 

    The implementation of cost-effective monitoring systems including clinical microbiological epidemiology and early identification of BSI, together with information campaigns aimed at the public as well as healthcare personnel regarding patients at risk and symptoms giving cause for alarm, should lead to a radical reduction in morbidity and mortality from BSI. This requires new diagnostic tools to individualise both antibiotic treatment and targeted management based on microorganism virulence factors. Modernisation of the medical journal system with algorithms aimed at early identification of risk patients and automated suggestions for empirical antibiotic treatment based on antibiotic resistance seen in previous cultures and local resistance patterns, would certainly improve management. Furthermore, new immunological tests showing the type of immunological reaction to a serious BSI will lead to individualised immunotherapy that, together with antibiotic treatment, will further improve patient care in this important group.  

    List of papers
    1. 14-Year Survey in a Swedish County Reveals a Pronounced Increase in Bloodstream Infections (BSI). Comorbidity: An Independent Risk Factor for Both BSI and Mortality
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>14-Year Survey in a Swedish County Reveals a Pronounced Increase in Bloodstream Infections (BSI). Comorbidity: An Independent Risk Factor for Both BSI and Mortality
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    2016 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: we assessed the incidence, risk factors and outcome of BSI over a 14-year period (2000-2013) in a Swedish county.

    Methods: retrospective cohort study on culture confirmed BSI among patients in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, with approximately 440,000 inhabitants. A BSI was defined as either community-onset BSI (CO-BSI) or hospital-acquired BSI (HA-BSI).

    Results: of a total of 11,480 BSIs, 67% were CO-BSI and 33% HA-BSI. The incidence of BSI increased by 64% from 945 to 1,546 per 100,000 hospital admissions per year during the study period. The most prominent increase, 83% was observed within the CO-BSI cohort whilst HA-BSI increased by 32%. Prescriptions of antibiotics in outpatient care decreased with 24% from 422 to 322 prescriptions dispensed/1,000 inhabitants/year, whereas antibiotics prescribed in hospital increased by 67% (from 424 to 709 DDD per 1,000 days of care). The overall 30-day mortality for HA-BSIs was 17.2%, compared to 10.6% for CO-BSIs, with an average yearly increase per 100,000 hospital admissions of 2 and 5% respectively. The proportion of patients with one or more comorbidities, increased from 20.8 to 55.3%. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for mortality within 30 days were: HA-BSI (2.22); two or more comorbidities (1.89); single comorbidity (1.56); CO-BSI (1.21); male (1.05); and high age (1.04).

    Conclusion: this survey revealed an alarming increase in the incidence of BSI over the 14-year study period. Interventions to decrease BSI in general should be considered together with robust antibiotic stewardship programmes to avoid both over- and underuse of antibiotics.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Public Library of Science, 2016
    National Category
    General Practice
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132733 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0166527 (DOI)000387779200055 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies: Ostergotland County Council (Hakan Hanberger ALF)

    Available from: 2016-11-21 Created: 2016-11-21 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
    2. Low incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in south-east Sweden: An epidemiologic study on 9268 cases of bloodstream infection
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Low incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in south-east Sweden: An epidemiologic study on 9268 cases of bloodstream infection
    Show others...
    2020 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 3, article id e0230501Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSI) in a Swedish setting, with focus on risk factors for BSI-associated mortality. Methods A 9-year (2008-2016) retrospective cohort study from electronic records of episodes of bacteremia amongst hospitalized patients in the county of Ostergotland, Sweden was conducted. Data on episodes of BSI including microorganisms, antibiotic susceptibility, gender, age, hospital admissions, comorbidity, mortality and aggregated antimicrobial consumption (DDD /1,000 inhabitants/day) were collected and analyzed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. MDR bacteria and MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci not fulfilling the MDR criteria were all defined as antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and included in the statistical analysis of risk factors for mortality Results In all, 9,268 cases of BSI were found. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality in the group of patients with BSI was 13%. The incidence of BSI and associated 30-day all-cause mortality per 100,000 hospital admissions increased by 66% and 17% respectively during the nine-year study period. The most common species were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were age (RR: 1.02 (CI: 1.02-1.03)) and 1, 2 or &gt;= 3 comorbidities RR: 2.06 (CI: 1.68-2.52), 2.79 (CI: 2.27-3.42) and 2.82 (CI: 2.31-3.45) respectively. Almost 3% (n = 245) of all BSIs were caused by AMR bacteria increasing from 12 to 47 per 100,000 hospital admissions 2008-2016 (p = 0.01), but this was not associated with a corresponding increase in mortality risk (RR: 0.89 (CI: 0.81-0.97)). Conclusion Comorbidity was the predominant risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with BSI in this study. The burden of AMR was low and not associated with increased mortality. Patients with BSIs caused by AMR bacteria (MDR, MRSA, ESBL and VRE) were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and the 30-day all-cause mortality was lower in this group.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2020
    National Category
    Infectious Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166506 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0230501 (DOI)000535935400011 ()32470069 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2020-06-18 Created: 2020-06-18 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    3. Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study
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    2021 (English)In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 11, article id e052582Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives The aim of this study was to identify prehospital and early hospital risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with blood culture-confirmed community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) in Sweden.

    Methods A retrospective case–control study of 1624 patients with CA-BSI (2015–2016), 195 non-survivors satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 195 survivors for age, gender and microorganism. All forms of contact with a healthcare provider for symptoms of infection within 7 days prior CA-BSI episode were registered. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality.

    Results Of the 390 patients, 61% (115 non-survivors and 121 survivors) sought prehospital contact. The median time from first prehospital contact till hospital admission was 13 hours (6–52) for non-survivors and 7 hours (3–24) for survivors (p&amp;lt;0.01). Several risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were identified: prehospital delay OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47), p&amp;lt;0.01; severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.40 to 1.83), p&amp;lt;0.01; comorbidity score (updated Charlson Index) OR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.22), p&amp;lt;0.01 and inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy OR=3.92 (95% CI: 1.64 to 9.33), p&amp;lt;0.01. In a multivariable model, prehospital delay &amp;gt;24 hours from first contact remained an important risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality due to CA-BSI OR=6.17 (95% CI: 2.19 to 17.38), p&amp;lt;0.01.

    Conclusion Prehospital delay and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were found to be important risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with CA-BSI. Increased awareness and earlier detection of BSI in prehospital and early hospital care is critical for rapid initiation of adequate management and antibiotic treatment.All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplemental information.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021
    Keywords
    adult intensive & critical care; accident & emergency medicine; public health; infectious diseases; primary care
    National Category
    Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181405 (URN)10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052582 (DOI)000720985600005 ()34794994 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Region Östergötland
    Note

    Funding: Ostergotland Count Council

    Available from: 2021-11-24 Created: 2021-11-24 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
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  • 42.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Andersson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Berg, Sören
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Eklund, Dan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Sobczynski, Pernilla
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Wilhelms, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Emergency Medicine in Linköping.
    Moberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Kärna.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Forum Östergötland.
    Balkhed Östholm, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 11, article id e052582Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives The aim of this study was to identify prehospital and early hospital risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with blood culture-confirmed community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) in Sweden.

    Methods A retrospective case–control study of 1624 patients with CA-BSI (2015–2016), 195 non-survivors satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 195 survivors for age, gender and microorganism. All forms of contact with a healthcare provider for symptoms of infection within 7 days prior CA-BSI episode were registered. Logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality.

    Results Of the 390 patients, 61% (115 non-survivors and 121 survivors) sought prehospital contact. The median time from first prehospital contact till hospital admission was 13 hours (6–52) for non-survivors and 7 hours (3–24) for survivors (p&amp;lt;0.01). Several risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality were identified: prehospital delay OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47), p&amp;lt;0.01; severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.40 to 1.83), p&amp;lt;0.01; comorbidity score (updated Charlson Index) OR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.22), p&amp;lt;0.01 and inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy OR=3.92 (95% CI: 1.64 to 9.33), p&amp;lt;0.01. In a multivariable model, prehospital delay &amp;gt;24 hours from first contact remained an important risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality due to CA-BSI OR=6.17 (95% CI: 2.19 to 17.38), p&amp;lt;0.01.

    Conclusion Prehospital delay and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were found to be important risk factors for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with CA-BSI. Increased awareness and earlier detection of BSI in prehospital and early hospital care is critical for rapid initiation of adequate management and antibiotic treatment.All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplemental information.

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  • 43.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Andersson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Grabe, Magnus
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Peeker, Ralph
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Saudi, Aus
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Styrke, Johan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Community-onset urosepsis: incidence and risk factors for 30-day mortality - a retrospective cohort study2022In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 56, no 5-6, p. 414-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Urosepsis is a life-threatening condition that needs to be addressed without delay. Two critical issues in its management are: (1) Appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, considering the patients general condition, comorbidity, and the pathogen expected; and (2) Timing of imaging to identify obstruction requiring decompression. Objectives To identify risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with urosepsis. Methods From a cohort of 1,605 community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI), 282 patients with urosepsis were identified in a Swedish county 2019-2020. Risk factors for mortality with crude and adjusted odds ratios were analysed using logistic regression. Results Urosepsis was found in 18% (n = 282) of all CO-BSIs. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 14% (n = 38). After multivariable analysis, radiologically detected urinary tract disorder was the predominant risk factor for mortality (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.47-14.56), followed by microbiologically inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.41-12.48). Time to radiological diagnosis and decompression of obstruction for source control were also important prognostic factors for survival. Interestingly, 15% of blood cultures showed gram-positive species associated with a high 30-day mortality rate of 33%. Conclusion The 30-day all-cause mortality from urosepsis was 14%. The two main risk factors for mortality were hydronephrosis caused by obstructive stone in the ureter and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Therefore, early detection of any urinary tract disorder by imaging followed by source control as required, and antibiotic coverage of both gram-negative pathogens and gram-positive species such as E. faecalis to optimise management, is likely to improve survival in patients with urosepsis.

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  • 44.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Forsberg, Jon
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Forum Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection.
    Nilsson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli among the rectal flora is the predominant risk factor for severe infection after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a prospective observational study2023In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 58, p. 32-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Infection of the prostate gland following biopsy, usually with Escherichia coli, is a common complication, despite the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis. A fluoroquinolone (FQ) is commonly prescribed as prophylaxis. Worryingly, the rate of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) E. coli species has been shown to be increasing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with infection after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). METHODS: This was a prospective study on patients undergoing TRUS-Bx in southeast Sweden. Prebiopsy rectal and urine cultures were obtained, and antimicrobial susceptibility and risk-group stratification were determined. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for post-biopsy urinary tract infection (UTI) and FQ-R E. coli in the rectal flora. RESULTS: In all, 283 patients were included, of whom 18 (6.4%) developed post-TRUS-Bx UTIs. Of these, 10 (3.5%) had an UTI without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 8 (2.8%) had a UTI with SIRS. Being in the medium- or high-risk groups of infectious complications was not an independent risk factor for UTI with SIRS after TRUS-Bx, but low-level FQ-resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.125-0.25 mg/L) or FQ-resistance (MIC > 0.5 mg/L) among E. coli in the faecal flora was. Risk for SIRS increased in parallel with increasing degrees of FQ-resistance. Significant risk factor for harbouring FQ-R E.coli was travelling outside Europe within the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION: The predominant risk factor for UTI with SIRS after TRUS-Bx was FQ-R E. coli among the faecal flora. The difficulty in identifying this type of risk factor demonstrates a need for studies on the development of a general approach either with rectal swab culture for targeted prophylaxis, or prior rectal preparation with a bactericidal agent such as povidone-iodine before TRUS-Bx to reduce the risk of FQ-R E. coli-related infection.

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  • 45.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Giske, Christian G.
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Claesson, Carina
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Hoffmann, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    14-Year Survey in a Swedish County Reveals a Pronounced Increase in Bloodstream Infections (BSI). Comorbidity: An Independent Risk Factor for Both BSI and Mortality2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: we assessed the incidence, risk factors and outcome of BSI over a 14-year period (2000-2013) in a Swedish county.

    Methods: retrospective cohort study on culture confirmed BSI among patients in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, with approximately 440,000 inhabitants. A BSI was defined as either community-onset BSI (CO-BSI) or hospital-acquired BSI (HA-BSI).

    Results: of a total of 11,480 BSIs, 67% were CO-BSI and 33% HA-BSI. The incidence of BSI increased by 64% from 945 to 1,546 per 100,000 hospital admissions per year during the study period. The most prominent increase, 83% was observed within the CO-BSI cohort whilst HA-BSI increased by 32%. Prescriptions of antibiotics in outpatient care decreased with 24% from 422 to 322 prescriptions dispensed/1,000 inhabitants/year, whereas antibiotics prescribed in hospital increased by 67% (from 424 to 709 DDD per 1,000 days of care). The overall 30-day mortality for HA-BSIs was 17.2%, compared to 10.6% for CO-BSIs, with an average yearly increase per 100,000 hospital admissions of 2 and 5% respectively. The proportion of patients with one or more comorbidities, increased from 20.8 to 55.3%. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for mortality within 30 days were: HA-BSI (2.22); two or more comorbidities (1.89); single comorbidity (1.56); CO-BSI (1.21); male (1.05); and high age (1.04).

    Conclusion: this survey revealed an alarming increase in the incidence of BSI over the 14-year study period. Interventions to decrease BSI in general should be considered together with robust antibiotic stewardship programmes to avoid both over- and underuse of antibiotics.

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  • 46.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection.
    Möller, Vidar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Kristinsdottir, Lóa
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Rashid, Mamun-Ur
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Forum Östergötland.
    Berglund, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Risk factors and outcome due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in community-onset bloodstream infections: A ten-year cohort study in Sweden2022In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 17, no 11, article id e0277054Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To study clinical outcome and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI). Methods This was a population-based cohort study including patients with pheno- and genotype-matched ESBL-producing E. coli and non-ESBL- E. coli in urine and blood samples collected in 2009-2018 in southeast Sweden. Seventy-seven episodes of ESBL-UPEC satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 77 non-ESBL-UPEC for age, gender, and year of culture. Results The most common ST-type and ESBL gene was ST131 (55%), and bla(CTX-M-15) (47%), respectively. Risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were: previous genitourinary invasive procedure (RR 4.66; p = 0.005) or history of ESBL-producing E. coli (RR 12.14; p = 0.024). There was significant difference between ESBL-UPEC and non-ESBL-UPEC regarding time to microbiologically appropriate antibiotic therapy (27:15 h vs. 02:14 h; p = &lt;0.001) and hospital days (9 vs. 5; p = &lt;0.001), but no difference in 30-day mortality (3% vs. 3%; p = &gt;0.999) or sepsis within 36 hours (51% vs. 62%; p = 0.623) was observed. Conclusion The predominant risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were history of ESBL-Ec infection and history of genitourinary invasive procedure. The overall mortality was low and the delay in appropriate antibiotic therapy did not increase the risk for 30-day mortality or risk for sepsis within 36 hours among patients infected with ESBL UPEC. However, these results must be regarded with some degree of caution due to the small sample size.

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  • 47.
    Holmbom, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Möller, Vidar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Nilsson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Giske, Christian G.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Rashid, Mamun-Ur
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Forum Östergötland.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Balkhed Östholm, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Low incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in south-east Sweden: An epidemiologic study on 9268 cases of bloodstream infection2020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 3, article id e0230501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSI) in a Swedish setting, with focus on risk factors for BSI-associated mortality. Methods A 9-year (2008-2016) retrospective cohort study from electronic records of episodes of bacteremia amongst hospitalized patients in the county of Ostergotland, Sweden was conducted. Data on episodes of BSI including microorganisms, antibiotic susceptibility, gender, age, hospital admissions, comorbidity, mortality and aggregated antimicrobial consumption (DDD /1,000 inhabitants/day) were collected and analyzed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. MDR bacteria and MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci not fulfilling the MDR criteria were all defined as antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and included in the statistical analysis of risk factors for mortality Results In all, 9,268 cases of BSI were found. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality in the group of patients with BSI was 13%. The incidence of BSI and associated 30-day all-cause mortality per 100,000 hospital admissions increased by 66% and 17% respectively during the nine-year study period. The most common species were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were age (RR: 1.02 (CI: 1.02-1.03)) and 1, 2 or &gt;= 3 comorbidities RR: 2.06 (CI: 1.68-2.52), 2.79 (CI: 2.27-3.42) and 2.82 (CI: 2.31-3.45) respectively. Almost 3% (n = 245) of all BSIs were caused by AMR bacteria increasing from 12 to 47 per 100,000 hospital admissions 2008-2016 (p = 0.01), but this was not associated with a corresponding increase in mortality risk (RR: 0.89 (CI: 0.81-0.97)). Conclusion Comorbidity was the predominant risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality associated with BSI in this study. The burden of AMR was low and not associated with increased mortality. Patients with BSIs caused by AMR bacteria (MDR, MRSA, ESBL and VRE) were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and the 30-day all-cause mortality was lower in this group.

  • 48.
    Häggstrom, Christel
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Soderkvist, Karin
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ullen, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Cohort profile: Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.02022In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 12, article id e064898Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PurposeWe constructed Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.0 to expand studies in BladderBaSe on incidence, treatment outcomes, side effects, survival and health economic aspects of men and women with cancer in the urinary bladder, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) (renal pelvis and ureter) and urethral carcinoma.ParticipantsBladderBaSe 2.0 includes 53 298 patients with cancer in the urinary bladder, diagnosed from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2019, and 961 patients with UTUC in the renal pelvis and 792 in the ureter, and 146 patients with urethral urothelial carcinoma, diagnosed from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019, and in total 275 816 participants in reference groups, free of cancer in the urinary tract, matched 1:5 on sex, age and county.Findings to dateTo date, 18 published studies based on data from the BladderBaSe have investigated calendar time trends in survival; impact of gender, socioeconomic factors, tumour aggressiveness and hospital volume for radical cystectomy on prognosis; survival after radical cystectomy compared with radical radiotherapy; risk factors for complications and side effects after radical cystectomy such as thromboembolism, strictures of ureteroenterostomies and incisional hernia.Future plansThe BladderBaSe initiators are currently investigating gender-dependent detection delays due to urinary tract infections; survival after non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with respect to the number of transurethral resections; short-term outcomes comparing open and robot-assisted radical cystectomy; studies on risk for intravesical recurrence after different diagnostic measures in UTUC, and suicide risk after bladder cancer diagnosis. The BladderBaSe project group is open for collaborations with national and international colleagues.

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  • 49.
    Häggström, Christel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Umeå University, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Lund University, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Regional Cancer Centre South, Sweden.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Garmo, Hans
    Kings Coll London, England; Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala Örebro, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala University, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Cohort profile: The Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer (SNRUBC) and the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2017In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 7, no 9, article id e016606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose To monitor the quality of bladder cancer care, the Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer (SNRUBC) was initiated in 1997. During 2015, in order to study trends in incidence, effects of treatment and survival of men and women with bladder cancer, we linked the SNRUBC to other national healthcare and demographic registers and constructed the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). Participants The SNRUBC is a nationwide register with detailed information on 97% of bladder cancer cases in Sweden as compared with the Swedish Cancer Register. Participants in the SNRUBC have registered data on tumour characteristics at diagnosis, and for 98% of these treatment data have been captured. From 2009, the SNRUBC holds data on 88% of eligible participants for follow-up 5 years after diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, and from 2011, data on surgery details and complications for 85% of participants treated with radical cystectomy. The BladderBaSe includes all data in the SNRUBC from 1997 to 2014, and additional covariates and follow-up data from linked national register sources on comorbidity, socioeconomic factors, detailed information on readmissions and treatment side effects, and causes of death. Findings to date Studies based on data in the SNRUBC have shown inequalities in survival and treatment indication by gender, regions and hospital volume. The BladderBaSe includes 38 658 participants registered in SNRUBC with bladder cancer diagnosed from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2014. The BladderBaSe initiators are currently in collaboration with researchers from the SNRUBC investigating different aspects of bladder cancer survival. Future plans The SNRUBC and the BladderBaSe project are open for collaborations with national and international research teams. Collaborators can submit proposals for studies and study files can be uploaded to servers for remote access and analysis. For more information, please contact the corresponding author.

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  • 50.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Jedstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Rosell, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Health and Developmental Care, Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Aljabery, Firas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Management and outcome of TaG3 tumours of the urinary bladder in the nationwide, population-based bladder cancer database Sweden (BladderBaSe)In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the management of TaG3 tumours of the urinary bladder using nationwide population-based data in relation to the prevailing guidelines, patients characteristics, and outcome. Materials and methods: The Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), including data from the Swedish National Register for Urinary Bladder Cancer (SNRUBC), was used to study all patients with TaG3 bladder cancer diagnosed from 2008 to 2014. Patients were divided into the following management groups: (1) transurethral resection (TUR) only, (2) TUR and intravesical instillation therapy (IVIT), (3) TUR and second-look resection (SLR), and (4) TUR with both SLR and IVIT. Patient and tumour characteristics and outcome were studied. Results: There were 831 patients (83% males) with a median age of 74 years. SLR was performed more often on younger patients, on men, and less often in the Western and Uppsala/orebro Healthcare regions. IVIT was performed more often with younger patients, with men, in the Western Healthcare region, and less often in the Uppsala/orebro Healthcare region. Death from bladder cancer occurred in 6% of cases within a median of 29 months (0-84 months) and was lower in the TUR/IVIT and TUR/SLR/IVIT groups compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: In the present study, there was, according to the prevailing treatment guidelines, an under-treatment with SLR for older patients, women, and in some healthcare regions and, similarly, there was an under-tre